Abstract
In contrast with antibodies intended for use in therapy and diagnostics, the precise characterization of most antibody-based reagents for research purposes has long remained unattended. In the last decades, the urge for unifying the reporting standards has often been expressed by the scientific community, in a joint effort to increase the reproducibility of experiments involving such compounds. By now, their characterization, including their unambiguous identification, the description of their target, their biological and biophysical properties such as antigen affinity, cross-reactivity, and stability, as well as their formulation for optimal performance, has been recognized as an essential prerequisite for their use in the academic and industry setting. The task of unifying the prerequisites for their quality control has been the central effort of acknowledged scientific quorums such as the authors of MIAPAR proposal, EuroMabNet, IWGAV, and the contributors to Asilomar meeting. Rigorous testing of antibody performance has been systematically performed within the scope of the Human Protein Atlas Project. This increasing base of knowledge is efficiently supported by the open-science databases, where the end users can contribute to the application-specific portfolio of diagnostic reagents, adding also to the development of specialized experimental protocols connected with their use.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Bradbury A, Plückthun A. Reproducibility: standardize antibodies used in research. Nature. 2015;518(7537):27–9.
Taussig MJ, Fonseca C, Trimmer JS. Antibody validation: a view from the mountains. New Biotechnol. 2018;45:1–8.
Köhler G, Milstein C. Continuous cultures of fused cells secreting antibody of predefined specificity. Nature. 1975;256(5517):495–7.
Ruberti F, Cattaneo A, Bradbury A. The use of the RACE method to clone hybridoma cDNA when V region primers fail. J Immunol Methods. 1994;173(1):33–9.
Zack DJ, Wong AL, Stempniak M, Weisbart RH. Two kappa immunoglobulin light chains are secreted by an anti-DNA hybridoma: implications for isotypic exclusion. Mol Immunol. 1995;32(17–18):1345–53.
Blatt NB, Bill RM, Glick GD. Characterization of a unique anti-DNA hybridoma. Hybridoma. 1998;17(1):33–40.
Slaastad H, Wu W, Goullart L, Kanderova V, Tjønnfjord G, Stuchly J, et al. Multiplexed immuno-precipitation with 1725 commercially available antibodies to cellular proteins. Proteomics. 2011;11(23):4578–82.
Blow N. Antibodies: the generation game. Nature. 2007;447(7145):741–4.
Berglund L, Björling E, Jonasson K, Rockberg J, Fagerberg L, Szigyarto CAK, et al. A whole-genome bioinformatics approach to selection of antigens for systematic antibody generation. Proteomics. 2008;8(14):2832–9.
Bordeaux J, Welsh AW, Agarwal S, Killiam E, Baquero MT, Hanna JA, et al. Antibody validation. BioTechniques. 2010;48(3):197–209.
Saper CB. A guide to the perplexed on the specificity of antibodies. J Histochem Cytochem. 2009;57(1):1–5.
Binz HK, Amstutz P, Plückthun A. Engineering novel binding proteins from nonimmunoglobulin domains. Nat Biotechnol. 2005;23(10):1257–68.
Huo Y, Qi L, Lv XJ, Lai T, Zhang J, Zhang ZQ. A sensitive aptasensor for colorimetric detection of adenosine triphosphate based on the protective effect of ATP-aptamer complexes on unmodified gold nanoparticles. Biosens Bioelectron. 2016;78:315–20.
Kraemer S, Vaught JD, Bock C, Gold L, Katilius E, Keeney TR, et al. From SOMAmer-based biomarker discovery to diagnostic and clinical applications: a SOMAmer-based, streamlined multiplex proteomic assay. PLoS One. 2011;6(10):e26332.
Bradbury ARM, Plückthun A. Getting to reproducible antibodies: the rationale for sequenced recombinant characterized reagents. Protein Eng Des Sel. 2015;28(10):303–5.
Albert WHW. The antibody/antiserum as an analytical reagent in quantitative immunoassays. Scand J Clin Lab Invest. 1991;51(S205):79–85.
Ascoli CA, Aggeler B. Overlooked benefits of using polyclonal antibodies. BioTechniques. 2018;65(3):127–36.
Cox KL, Devanarayan V, Kriauciunas A, Manetta J, Montrose C, Sittampalam S. Immunoassay methods. Assay guidance manual; 2004.
Voskuil JLA. Commercial antibodies and their validation. F1000Res. 2014;3:232.
Corti D, Kearns JD. Promises and pitfalls for recombinant oligoclonal antibodies-based therapeutics in cancer and infectious disease. Curr Opin Immunol. 2016;40:51–61.
Ferrara F, D’Angelo S, Gaiotto T, Naranjo L, Tian H, Gräslund S, et al. Recombinant renewable polyclonal antibodies. MAbs. 2015;7(1):32–41.
Chalmers AD, Helsby MA, Fenn JR. Reporting research antibody use: how to increase experimental reproducibility. F1000Res. 2013;2:153.
Couchman JR. Commercial antibodies: the good, bad, and really ugly. J Histochem Cytochem. 2009;57(1):7–8.
Kalyuzhny AE. The dark side of the immunohistochemical moon: industry. J Histochem Cytochem. 2009;57(12):1099–101.
Björling E, Uhlén M. Antibodypedia, a portal for sharing antibody and antigen validation data. Mol Cell Proteomics. 2008;7(10):2028–37.
Bandrowski A, Brush M, Grethe JS, Haendel MA, Kennedy DN, Hill S, et al. The resource identification initiative: a cultural shift in publishing. Brain Behav. 2016;6(1):1–14.
Bourbeillon J, Orchard S, Benhar I, Borrebaeck C, De Daruvar A, Dübel S, et al. Minimum information about a protein affinity reagent (MIAPAR). Nat Biotechnol. 2010;28(7):650–3.
Roncador G, Engel P, Maestre L, Anderson AP, Cordell JL, Cragg MS, et al. The European antibody network’s practical guide to finding and validating suitable antibodies for research. MAbs. 2016;8(1):27–36.
Uhlen M, Bandrowski A, Carr S, Edwards A, Ellenberg J, Lundberg E, et al. A proposal for validation of antibodies. Nat Methods. 2016;13(10):823–7.
Baker M. Biologists plan scoring system for antibodies. Nature. 2016;
Uhlen M, Ponten F. Antibody-based proteomics for human tissue profiling. Mol Cell Proteomics. 2005;4(4):384–93.
Edfors F, Hober A, Linderbäck K, Maddalo G, Azimi A, Sivertsson Å, et al. Enhanced validation of antibodies for research applications. Nat Commun. 2018;9(1):4130.
Fagerberg L, Hallstrom BM, Oksvold P, Kampf C, Djureinovic D, Odeberg J, et al. Analysis of the human tissue-specific expression by genome-wide integration of transcriptomics and antibody-based proteomics. Mol Cell Proteomics. 2014;13(2):397–406.
Regev A, Teichmann SA, Lander ES, Amit I, Benoist C, Birney E, et al. The human cell atlas. elife. 2017;6:e27041.
Pontén F, Jirström K, Uhlen M. The human protein atlas – a tool for pathology. J Pathol. 2008;216(4):387–93.
Durinx C, McEntyre J, Appel R, Apweiler R, Barlow M, Blomberg N, et al. Identifying ELIXIR core data resources. F1000Res. 2017;5:ELIXIR-2422.
Thul PJ, Lindskog C. The human protein atlas: a spatial map of the human proteome. Protein Sci. 2018;27(1):233–44.
Weller MG. Ten basic rules of antibody validation. Anal Chem Insights. 2018;13:1–5.
Acknowledgments
The financial support by the Christian Doppler Society (CD Laboratory for innovative Immunotherapeutics), Austrian Federal Ministry for Digital and Economic Affairs and the National Foundation for Research, Technology and Development is gratefully acknowledged.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2021 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Wozniak-Knopp, G. (2021). Antibody Validation. In: Rüker, F., Wozniak-Knopp, G. (eds) Introduction to Antibody Engineering. Learning Materials in Biosciences. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54630-4_14
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54630-4_14
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-54629-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-54630-4
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)