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Spinal Cord Injury and Epidural Spinal Cord Stimulation

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Modern Approaches to Augmentation of Brain Function

Part of the book series: Contemporary Clinical Neuroscience ((CCNE))

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Abstract

After SCI, deficits of motor, sensory, and autonomic functions are commensurate with injury severity and level (Jaja et al. 2019; Failli et al. 2012). Advances in clinical care have reduced morbidities, increased survival, and improved neurological recovery after SCI (Freed et al. 1966; Stauffer 1975; Closson et al. 1991; Badhiwala et al. 2021). These advances have shifted the focus from complication management to improved life quality and independence with increasingly greater emphasis on recovery. For this review, by recovery, we specifically mean a measurable enduring improvement linked to improved spinal cord circuit function. This review does not focus on technological substitution of function using bypass technology such as a brain-machine interface, as covered in other chapters. Rather, we wish to discuss methods by which additional function can be obtained from limited residual connections.

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Acknowledgments

The ultrasound data were collected at the University of Louisville within the SCI neuromodulation program. Data was analyzed by J Guest at the University of Miami. Specific contributors are Drs. Susan Harkema, Jill Wecht, Alex Ovechkin, and Bonnie Legg, Jessie Fisher, and Shelly Wade.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami and Center for Neural Engineering and Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA

    Andrea J. Santamaria, Pedro M. Saraiva, Stephano J. Chang, Ioan Opris, Brian R. Noga & James D. Guest

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  1. Andrea J. Santamaria
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  2. Pedro M. Saraiva
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  6. James D. Guest
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Correspondence to James D. Guest .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurosurgery, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA

    Ioan Opris

  2. Center for Bioelectrical Interfaces, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia

    Mikhail A. Lebedev

  3. Greenville Health System, University of South Carolina, Greenville, SC, USA

    Manuel F. Casanova

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Santamaria, A.J., Saraiva, P.M., Chang, S.J., Opris, I., Noga, B.R., Guest, J.D. (2021). Spinal Cord Injury and Epidural Spinal Cord Stimulation. In: Opris, I., A. Lebedev, M., F. Casanova, M. (eds) Modern Approaches to Augmentation of Brain Function. Contemporary Clinical Neuroscience. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54564-2_2

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