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Use of Nanoparticulate Systems for Tackling Neurological Aging

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Systemic Delivery Technologies in Anti-Aging Medicine: Methods and Applications

Part of the book series: Healthy Ageing and Longevity ((HAL,volume 13))

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Abstract

In the last chapter, Das and Das have presented the advantages of biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles in biomedical use, and have also provided an overview of general methods of fabricating and designing nanoparticles. In this chapter, we will continue to talk about nanoparticles as carriers of therapeutics, but will narrow down the focus of the discussions to the context of neurological aging. In fact, neurological disorders such as Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s diseases, neuropathic pain, and cerebrovascular accidents affect approximately 1.5 billion people globally. Over the years, an array of bioactive molecules have been found to be effective for the treatment of neurological conditions but not to be clinically effective due to the presence of the blood–brain barrier (BBB). The BBB is primarily responsible for the separation of extracellular fluid and blood within the CNS, generating a selectively permeable barrier restricting the passage of an array of substances, such as drugs, biomolecules, and potentially pathogenic substances. Nanomedicine is an attractive non-invasive technology that can be employed to circumvent this barrier. In this chapter, we will review the current advancements and limitations for the employment of nanomedicine to treat neurological diseases, and will also delineate the clinical and regulatory requirement for market entry of these products.

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Acknowledgements

This work was financially supported by the National Research Foundation (NRF) of South Africa.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Science, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa

    Previn Ramiah, Pierre P. D. Kondiah, Yahya E. Choonara, Lisa C. du Toit & Viness Pillay

Authors
  1. Previn Ramiah
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  2. Pierre P. D. Kondiah
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  3. Yahya E. Choonara
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  4. Lisa C. du Toit
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  5. Viness Pillay
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Viness Pillay .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China

    Wing-Fu Lai

Glossary

Bioconjugation

Adsorption or covalent attachment of a biomacromolecule on the outer surface of another chemical entity.

Biodegradability

He capacity of a material to undergo degradation in a biological environment.

Glass transition temperature

The temperature at which a polymer undergoes transition from a rubbery state to a glassy state.

Graphene

A two-dimensional carbon material possessing a honeycomb lattice and Dirac-like low-energy excitations.

Ionotropic gelation

A gelation process mediated by the crosslinking of polyelectrolyte molecules in the presence of multivalent counter ions.

Mucoadhesiveness

The ability of a material to adhere to mucosal tissues upon administration to a biological body.

Protein corona

A dynamic protein layer on the surface of a nanocarrier. Its composition changes continuously due to ongoing protein desorption and absorption.

Quantum dots

Fluorescent semiconductor nanocrystals that find use in imaging applications.

Reticuloendothelial system

A major component of the host defense system contributing to the clearance of particulate materials and bacteria from the bloodstream.

Risperidone

A benzisoxazole derivative that has been exploited as an anti-psychotic agent.

Surface functionalization

Modification of surface properties for specific purposes.

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Ramiah, P., Kondiah, P.P.D., Choonara, Y.E., Toit, L.C.d., Pillay, V. (2020). Use of Nanoparticulate Systems for Tackling Neurological Aging. In: Lai, WF. (eds) Systemic Delivery Technologies in Anti-Aging Medicine: Methods and Applications. Healthy Ageing and Longevity, vol 13. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54490-4_7

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