Skip to main content

Embodying Hot Cognitive Vulnerability to Emotional Disorders

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Embodied Hot Cognitive Vulnerability to Emotional Disorders​
  • 291 Accesses

Abstract

The effectiveness of current treatments of emotional disorders is considered as disappointing. Low response rates, high attrition, and relapse are major problems of both medication and psychological treatments for emotional disorders. Translational science has been proposed as a solution for improving existent psychological treatments. In this chapter, I suggest that the embodied simulation model of cognition is a viable framework for translating findings from basic affective and cognitive neuroscience into influential cognitive models of vulnerability to emotional disorders. This chapter further presents an overview of the book. It lays out a description of embodied non-distorted hot cognition (Chap. 2), distorted hot cognition (Chap. 3), dynamic development of embodied cognitive vulnerability based on stress-related neuroadaptations (Chap. 4), embodied rigid appraisals as core vulnerability to emotional disorders (Chap. 5), a model of embodied rigid appraisals (Chap. 6) and applications to the conceptualization and the treatment of hot cognitive vulnerability to emotional disorders.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    Some scholars will argue that recently A.T. Beck integrated the biology into his recent generic model. I do agree that Beck admitted since 2008 that biology might be important for distortions of cognition (Beck 2008). Yet in the generic model (Beck and Haigh 2014), Beck suggested that biological propensities to attend to aversive information result in accumulation of negative knowledge structures. Then, when activated, these knowledge structures impact emotional and information processing. This is still an amodal model of cognition. There are not the differences in our brain that result in distorted cognition but the differences in our negative knowledge structures.

References

  • Barlow, D. H., Sauer-Zavala, S., Carl, J. R., Bullis, J. R., & Ellard, K. K. (2014). The nature, diagnosis, and treatment of neuroticism: Back to the future. Clinical Psychological Science, 2(3), 344–365.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barnard, P. J., & Teasdale, J. D. (1991). Interacting cognitive subsystems: A systemic approach to cognitive-affective interaction and change. Cognition and Emotion, 5, 1–39. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699939108411021

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barrett, L. F. (2017). How emotions are made: The secret life of the brain. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barrett, L. F. (2019). In search of emotions: Review of the neuroscience of emotion by Adolphs and Anderson. Current Biology, 29, R1–R3.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barrett, L. F., & Lindquist, K. A. (2008). The embodiment of emotion. In G. R. Semin & E. R. Smith (Eds.), Embodied grounding: Social, cognitive, affective, and neuroscientific approaches (pp. 237–262). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511805837.011

  • Barrett, L. F., & Satpute, A. B. (2019). Historical pitfalls and new directions in the neuroscience of emotion. Neuroscience Letters, 693, 9–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2017.07.045

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Barsalou, L. W. (1999). Perceptual symbol systems. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 22, 577–609.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barsalou, L. W. (2008). Grounded cognition. Annual Review of Psychology, 59(1), 617–645.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Beck, A. T. (1976). Cognitive therapy and the emotional disorders. International Universities Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beck, A. T. (2008). The evolution of the cognitive model of depression and its neurobiological correlates. American Journal of Psychiatry, 165, 969–977.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beck, A. T., & Haigh, E. A. P. (2014). Advances in cognitive theory and therapy: The generic cognitive model. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 10, 1–24.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bogdan, R., & Hariri, A. R. (2012). Neural embedding of stress reactivity. Nature Neuroscience, 15, 1605–1607.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bogdan, R., Nikolova, Y. S., & Pizzagalli, D. A. (2013). Neurogenetics of depression: A focus on reward processing and stress sensitivity. Neurobiology of Disease, 52, 12–23.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bogdan, R., Salmeron, B. J., Carey, C. E., Agrawal, A., Calhoun, V. D., Garavan, H., … Goldman, D. (2017). Imaging genetics and genomics in psychiatry: A critical review of Progress and potential. Biological Psychiatry, 82(3), 165–175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2016.12.030

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Bullis, J. R., Boettcher, H., Sauer-Zavala, S., & Barlow, D. H. (2019). What is an emotional disorder? A transdiagnostic mechanistic definition with implications for assessment, treatment, and prevention. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, e12278. https://doi.org/10.1111/cpsp.12278.

  • Carpenter, J. K., Andrews, L. A., Witcraft, S. M., Powers, M. B., Smits, J. A. J., & Hofmann, S. G. (2018). Cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety and related disorders: A meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials. Depression and Anxiety, 35, 502–514.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carr, E. W., Kever, A., & Winkielman, P. (2018). Embodiment of emotion and its situated nature. In A. Newen, L. de Bruin, & S. Gallagher (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of 4E cognition (pp. 529–551). Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cipriani, A., Furukawa, T. A., Salanti, G., Chaimani, A., Atkinson, L. Z., Ogawa, Y., … Geddes, J. R. (2018). Comparative efficacy and acceptability of 21 antidepressant drugs for the acute treatment of adults with major depressive disorder: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. Lancet, 391, 1357–1366.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Clark, A. (2008). Supersizing the Mind: Embodiment, Action, and Cognitive extension. Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clark, L., Chamberlain, S. R., & Sahakian, B. J. (2009). Neurocognitive mechanisms in depression: Implications for treatment. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 32, 57–74.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Collins, F. S. (2011). Reengineering translational science: The time is right. Science Translational Medicine, 3(90). https://doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.3002747

  • Cristea, I. A., Gentili, C., Cotet, C. D., Palomba, D., Barbui, C., & Cuijpers, P. (2017). Efficacy of psychotherapies for borderline personality disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Psychiatry, 74, 319–328.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cuijpers, P., Karyotaki, E., Reijnders, M., & Ebert, D. D. (2019). Was Eysenck right after all? A reassessment of the effects of psychotherapy for adult depression. Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences, 28, 21–30.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dalgleish, T., Black, M., Johnston, D., & Bevan, A. (2020). Transdiagnostic approaches to mental health problems: Current status and future directions. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 88(3), 179–195. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000482

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • David, D., Lynn, S. J., & Ellis, A. (2010). Rational and irrational beliefs: Research, theory, and clinical practice. Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • David, D., Matu, S., MogoaĹźe, C., & Voinescu, B. (2016). Integrating cognitive processing, brain activity, molecules and genes to advance evidence-based psychological treatment for depression and anxiety: From cognitive neurogenetics to CBT-based neurogenetics. Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, 34(3), 149–168. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10942-016-0233-3

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • David, D., & Szentagotai, A. (2006). Cognition in cognitive behavior psychotherapies. Clinical Psychology Review, 26, 284–298.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • De Raedt, R., Koster, E. H. W., & Joormann, J. (2010). Attentional control in depression: A translational affective neuroscience approach. Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience, 10, 1–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Driessen, E., Hollon, S. D., Bockting, C. L., Cuijpers, P., & Turner, E. H. (2015). Does publication bias inflate the apparent efficacy of psychological treatment for major depressive disorder? A systematic review and meta-analysis of US National Institutes of Health-funded trials. PLoS One, 10, e0137864.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ellis, A. (1958). Rational psychotherapy. The Journal of General Psychology, 59, 35–49.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ellis, A. (1962). Reason and emotion in psychotherapy. Lyle Stuart.

    Google Scholar 

  • Everaert, J., Koster, E. H., & Derakshan, N. (2012). The combined cognitive bias hypothesis in depression. Clinical Psychology Review, 32, 413–424.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Foa, E. B., & Kozak, M. J. (1986). Emotional processing of fear: Exposure to corrective information. Psychological Bulletin, 99, 20–35.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fodor, J. A. (1975). The language of thought. Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Foland-Ross, L. C., & Gotlib, I. H. (2012). Cognitive and neural aspects of information processing in major depressive disorder: An integrative perspective. Frontiers in Psychology, 3, 489. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00489

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Gallagher, S. (2009). Philosophical antecedents of situated cognition. In P. Robbins & M. Aydede (Eds.), The Cambridge handbook of situated cognition (pp. 35–51). Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Glenberg, A. (2010). Embodiment as a unifying perspective for psychology. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Cognitive Science, 1(4), 586–596. https://doi.org/10.1002/wcs.55

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gomez, A. F., Barthel, A. L., & Hofmann, S. G. (2018). Comparing the efficacy of benzodiazepines and serotonergic anti-depressants for adults with generalized anxiety disorder: A meta-analytic review. Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, 19, 883–894.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gotlib, I. H., & Joormann, J. (2010). Cognition and depression: Current status and future directions. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 6, 285–312. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.121208.131305

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Hales, C. A., Stuart, S. A., Anderson, M. H., & Robinson, E. S. (2014). Modelling cognitive affective biases in major depressive disorder using rodents. British Journal of Pharmacology, 171(20), 4524–4538.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Haller, S. P. W., Cohen Kadosh, K., & Lau, J. Y. F. (2014). A developmental angle to understanding the mechanisms of biased cognitions in social anxiety. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 7, 846. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2013.00846

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Hammen, C., Henry, R., & Daley, S. (2000). Depression and sensitization to stressors among young women as a function of childhood adversity. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 68, 782–787.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harmer, C. J., & Cowen, P. J. (2013). It's the way that you look at it'—A cognitive neuropsychological account of SSRI action in depression. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences, 368(1615), 20120407. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2012.0407

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Harmer, C. J., O'Sullivan, U., Favaron, E., Massey-Chase, R., Ayres, R., Reinecke, A., … Cowen, P. J. (2009). Effect of acute antidepressant administration on negative affective bias in depressed patients. American Journal of Psychiatry, 166, 1178–1184.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jazaieri, H., Urry, H. L., & Gross, J. J. (2013). Affective disturbance and psychopathology: An emotion regulation perspective. Journal of Experimental Psychopathology, 4(584), 599.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kever, A., Grynberg, D., Bayot, M., & Vermeulen, N. (2016). Embodying emotions: The role of bodily changes in emotional processing: Evidence from normal and psychopathological populations. In Y. Coello & M. H. Fischer (Eds.), Foundations of embodied cognition: Perceptual and emotional embodiment (pp. 246–261). Routledge/Taylor & Francis Group.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuppens, P., Champagne, D., & Tuerlinckx, F. (2012). The dynamic interplay between appraisal and Core affect in daily life. Frontiers in Psychology, 3, 380. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00380

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Leichsenring, F., Steinert, C., & Ioannidis, J. P. A. (2019). Toward a paradigm shift in treatment and research of mental disorders. Psychological Medicine, 49(13), 2111–2117. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291719002265

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lieder, F., & Griffiths, T. L. (2019). Resource-rational analysis: Understanding human cognition as the optimal use of limited computational resources. Behavior Brain Science, 4, 43:e1. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X1900061X

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liu, H., Li, X., Han, B., & Liu, X. (2017). Effects of cognitive bias modification on social anxiety: A meta-analysis. PLoS One, 12, e0175107.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Matheson, H. E., & Barsalou, L. W. (2018). Embodiment and grounding in cognitive neuroscience. In J. Wixted, E. Phelps, L. Davachi, J. Serences, S. Ghetti, S. Thompson-Schill, & E. J. Wagenmakers (Eds.), The Stevens’ handbook of experimental psychology and cognitive neuroscience (Vol. 3, 4th ed., pp. 1–32). Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mathews, A., & MacLeod, C. (2005). Cognitive vulnerability to emotional disorders. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 1, 167–195.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Meteyard, L., Cuadrado, S. R., Bahrami, B., & Vigliocco, G. (2012). Coming of age: A review of embodiment and the neuroscience of semantics. Cortex, 48(7), 788–804. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2010.11.002

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Monroe, S. M., & Harkness, K. L. (2005). Life stress, the “kindling” hypothesis, and the recurrence of depression: Considerations from a life stress perspective. Psychological Review, 112, 417–445.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Morris, M. C., Ciesla, J. A., & Garber, J. (2010). A prospective study of stress autonomy versus stress sensitization in adolescents at varied risk for depression. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 119(2), 341–354. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0019036

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Niedenthal, P. M. (2007). Embodying emotion. Science, 316, 1002–1005.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ouimet, A. J., Gawronski, B., & Dozois, D. J. A. (2009). Cognitive vulnerability to anxiety: A review and an integrative model. Clinical Psychology Review, 29, 459–470.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Patel, V., Saxena, S., Lund, C., Thornicroft, G., Baingana, F., Bolton, P., … UnĂśtzer, J. (2018). The lancet commission on global mintal health and sustainable development. Lancet, 392, 1553–1598.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Post, R. M. (1992). Transduction of psychosocial stress into the neurobiology of recurrent affective disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 149, 999–1010.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Roiser, J. P., Elliott, R., & Sahakian, B. J. (2012). Cognitive mechanisms of treatment in depression. Neuropsychopharmacology, 37, 117–136.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Swartz, J. R., Knodt, A. R., Radtke, S. R., & Hariri, A. R. (2015). A neural biomarker of psychological vulnerability to future life stress. Neuron, 85(3), 505–511. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2014.12.055

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Tiba, A. I. (2018). Feelings-as-embodied information: Studying the role of feelings as images in emotional disorders. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 186. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00186

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Varela, F., Thompson, E., & Rosch, E. (1991). The embodied mind: Cognitive science and human experience. MIT Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wartman, S. A. (2008). Toward a virtuous cycle: The changing face of academic health centers. Academic Medicine, 83(9), 797–799. https://doi.org/10.1097/ACM.0b013e318181cf8c

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Watkins, E. R. (2008). Constructive and unconstructive repetitive thought. Psychological Bulletin, 134(2), 163–206. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.134.2.163

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Winkielman, P., Niedenthal, P., Wielgosz, J., Eelen, J., & Kavanagh, L. C. (2015). Embodiment of cognition and emotion. In M. Mikulincer, P. R. Shaver, E. Borgida, & J. A. Bargh (Eds.), APA handbooks in psychology®. APA handbook of personality and social psychology, Vol. 1. Attitudes and social cognition (pp. 151–175). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/14341-004

  • World Health Organization [WHO]. (2012). Depression: A global public health concern. World Health Organization. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/mental_health/management/depression/who_paper_depression_wfmh_2012.pdf

  • Wyer, R. S., Clore, G. L., & Isbell, L. (1999). Affect and information processing. In M. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (pp. 1–77). Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Tiba, A. (2020). Embodying Hot Cognitive Vulnerability to Emotional Disorders. In: Embodied Hot Cognitive Vulnerability to Emotional Disorders​. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53989-4_1

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics