Abstract
Biomarkers are chemical or biological markers that are indicators of internal exposures, disease status, or preclinical precursors to the onset of disease. In the last 30 years, major advances have been made in our ability to measure biomarkers that can indicate external exposures to environmental contaminants, track the progress of metabolic processes that convert them to toxins, and to determine the genetic susceptibility of certain populations to the impacts of environmental exposures. The use of biomarkers of exposure and biomarkers of disease in Medical Geology has been briefly disc in Chap. 2 of this book. The use of internal biomarkers in pharmacokinetic models to estimate external exposures is discussed in Chap. 9 by Bowers (2021) in this book. The purpose of this chapter is to introduce the theory and application of current techniques used in research and diagnostic laboratories in order to assess biological impact of environmental exposures. Environmental exposure examples which can be analyzed by each technique will also be discussed. Biomedical techniques are a broad group of scientific methods and assays, which have a wide clinical application across medicine. This chapter is designed to increase your theoretical, conceptual, and practical understanding of biomedical techniques used in Molecular Epidemiology.
We will begin this chapter introducing some basic laboratory concepts and techniques such as cell culture and electrophoresis and then discuss advanced molecular techniques such as sequencing and flow cytometry.
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Torres, S., Dailey, Y., White, K. (2021). Application of Biomedical Molecular Techniques in Environmental Sciences. In: Siegel, M., Selinus, O., Finkelman, R. (eds) Practical Applications of Medical Geology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53893-4_10
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