Abstract
The term “advanced practice nurse” is used to refer to a nurse who practices and engages in nursing on an advanced level. The definitions of two advanced practice nursing roles presented below, nurse practitioner and clinical nurse specialist, are in line with the International Council of Nurses’ new guidelines on advanced practice nursing, launched in April 2020. Nurse practitioners have mastered advanced practice nursing and have the capacity to diagnose, refer, and prescribe medications for patients. While nurse practitioners mainly work in community healthcare settings, they can also work in hospital settings. Clinical nurse specialists are expert nurses with advanced nursing knowledge and skills who are capable of making complex decisions in a clinical specialty and often utilize a systems approach to influence optimal care. Nursing can be performed on three levels: the generalist, specialist, and advanced levels. The characteristics of and differences between these three levels are discussed, and the question of competency regarding specialist versus advanced practice nurses is problematized. Examples include the caring advanced practice nursing model (from nurse specialist to master’s-level educated nurses), the bi-continuum model (specialist versus generalist model) from Scotland, and the T-shaped model from the Netherlands.
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Fagerström, L.M. (2021). Nurses as Advanced Specialists and Advanced Generalists. In: A Caring Advanced Practice Nursing Model . Advanced Practice in Nursing. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53555-1_2
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