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Historical Lines and an Overview of Current Research on Flow

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Advances in Flow Research

Abstract

This chapter introduces the flow concept by listing the components of flow as provided by Csikszentmihalyi. We will show that these components constitute the widely shared definitional ground of researchers in the field, with only minor variation between research groups and time periods. Next, we try to clarify some lingering ambiguities regarding the components of flow, and then talk about flow as an optimal experience as well as discussing the relationship between flow and happiness. Subsequently, we trace the history of flow. We take time to describe the beginnings of flow research by Csikszentmihalyi and a similar research program by Rheinberg in Germany. Following the description of flow and qualitative analyses, we will present the quantitative approach of Experience Sampling Method (ESM), which has greatly influenced research on flow. Then we will look at current lines of research on flow, identifying and describing topics of increasing interest in the last years. Creativity (e.g., in music and arts) and well-being remain an important part of flow research, but flow research has entered many other areas, spanning from the emerging research on flow in teams or psychophysiological correlates of flow to flow in sports, learning (education), development, work, and human computer interaction—all topics that will be addressed in more detail in the chapters of this book. Finally, we complete this first chapter by discussing methodological aspects of the research on flow.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Compare the description of Csikszentmihalyi’s work on the basis of Caillois, above.

  2. 2.

    When individual differences in the incentive focus were considered, the predictions were almost perfect. The incentive focus can be seen as a construct similar to Csikszentmihalyi’s autotelic personality (cf. Baumann, Chap. 9). A questionnaire to measure the incentive focus is presented by Rheinberg et al., (1997).

  3. 3.

    The European Flow-Researchers’ Network (EFRN) was founded in 2012 with the aim to reach a common understanding of the concept of flow, its antecedents and consequences.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Psychology, University of Trier, Trier, Germany

    Stefan Engeser

  2. Center for International Student Assessment (ZIB), TUM School of Education, Munich, Germany

    Anja Schiepe-Tiska

  3. Universität München, Munich, Germany

    Anja Schiepe-Tiska

  4. Department of Psychology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany

    Corinna Peifer

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Correspondence to Stefan Engeser .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany

    Corinna Peifer

  2. Department of Psychology, University of Trier, Trier, Germany

    Stefan Engeser

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Engeser, S., Schiepe-Tiska, A., Peifer, C. (2021). Historical Lines and an Overview of Current Research on Flow. In: Peifer, C., Engeser, S. (eds) Advances in Flow Research. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53468-4_1

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