Abstract
Clinical availability of anti-obesity drugs is limited, and their inadequate effectiveness and safety concerns sometimes discourage widespread use. A therapeutic vaccine has the potential to be an attractive tool for preventing and treating obesity, because of the possibility of prolonged therapeutic effect and low frequency of administration. Experimental investigations have shown that vaccines targeting endogenous molecules that promote obesity could be a viable alternative. Recent novelties in drug-delivery systems and biotechnology will support further progress in vaccine development. This chapter provides an overview of recent advances in the area.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Ambuhl PM, Tissot AC, Fulurija A, Maurer P, Nussberger J, Sabat R et al (2007) A vaccine for hypertension based on virus-like particles: preclinical efficacy and phase I safety and immunogenicity. J Hypertens 25(1):63–72
Andrade S, Pinho F, Ribeiro AM, Carreira M, Casanueva FF, Roy P et al (2013) Immunization against active ghrelin using virus-like particles for obesity treatment. Curr Pharm Des 19(36):6551–6558
Asakawa A, Inui A, Fujimiya M, Sakamaki R, Shinfuku N, Ueta Y et al (2005) Stomach regulates energy balance via acylated ghrelin and desacyl ghrelin. Gut 54(1):18–24
Atkinson RL, Dhurandhar NV, Allison DB, Bowen RL, Israel BA, Albu JB et al (2005) Human adenovirus-36 is associated with increased body weight and paradoxical reduction of serum lipids. Int J Obes 29(3):281–286
Azegami T, Sasamura H, Hayashi K, Itoh H (2012) Vaccination against the angiotensin type 1 receptor for the prevention of L-NAME-induced nephropathy. Hypertens Res 35(5):492–499
Azegami T, Yuki Y, Sawada S, Mejima M, Ishige K, Akiyoshi K et al (2017) Nanogel-based nasal ghrelin vaccine prevents obesity. Mucosal Immunol 10(5):1351–1360
Azegami T, Yuki Y, Nakahashi R, Itoh H, Kiyono H (2018) Nanogel-based nasal vaccines for infectious and lifestyle-related diseases. Mol Immunol 98:19–24
Barnett BP, Hwang Y, Taylor MS, Kirchner H, Pfluger PT, Bernard V et al (2010) Glucose and weight control in mice with a designed ghrelin O-acyltransferase inhibitor. Science 330(6011):1689–1692
Bourinbaiar AS, Jirathitikal V (2010) Effect of oral immunization with pooled antigens derived from adipose tissue on atherosclerosis and obesity indices. Vaccine 28(15):2763–2768
Bray GA, Fruhbeck G, Ryan DH, Wilding JP (2016) Management of obesity. Lancet 387(10031):1947–1956
Date Y, Shimbara T, Koda S, Toshinai K, Ida T, Murakami N et al (2006) Peripheral ghrelin transmits orexigenic signals through the noradrenergic pathway from the hindbrain to the hypothalamus. Cell Metab 4(4):323–331
Dhurandhar NV, Whigham LD, Abbott DH, Schultz-Darken NJ, Israel BA, Bradley SM et al (2002) Human adenovirus Ad-36 promotes weight gain in male rhesus and marmoset monkeys. J Nutr 132(10):3155–3160
Flegal KM, Kit BK, Orpana H, Graubard BI (2013) Association of all-cause mortality with overweight and obesity using standard body mass index categories: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA 309(1):71–82
Fulurija A, Lutz TA, Sladko K, Osto M, Wielinga PY, Bachmann MF et al (2008) Vaccination against GIP for the treatment of obesity. PLoS One 3(9):e3163
Haffer KN (2012) Effects of novel vaccines on weight loss in diet-induced-obese (DIO) mice. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 3(1):21
Hansel TT, Kropshofer H, Singer T, Mitchell JA, George AJ (2010) The safety and side effects of monoclonal antibodies. Nat Rev Drug Discov 9(4):325–338
Heymsfield SB, Wadden TA (2017) Mechanisms, pathophysiology, and management of obesity. N Engl J Med 376(3):254–266
Kim KR, Nam SY, Song YD, Lim SK, Lee HC, Huh KB (1999) Low-dose growth hormone treatment with diet restriction accelerates body fat loss, exerts anabolic effect and improves growth hormone secretory dysfunction in obese adults. Horm Res 51(2):78–84
Kojima M, Hosoda H, Date Y, Nakazato M, Matsuo H, Kangawa K (1999) Ghrelin is a growth-hormone-releasing acylated peptide from stomach. Nature 402(6762):656–660
Koriyama H, Nakagami H, Nakagami F, Osako MK, Kyutoku M, Shimamura M et al (2015) Long-term reduction of high blood pressure by angiotensin II DNA vaccine in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Hypertension 66(1):167–174
Kushnir N, Streatfield SJ, Yusibov V (2012) Virus-like particles as a highly efficient vaccine platform: diversity of targets and production systems and advances in clinical development. Vaccine 31(1):58–83
Lai QG, Jiang BQ, Zhou XH, Xu X, Gao ZN, Yuan KF (2010) The effects and mechanism of xenogeneic adipocyte vaccine for the prevention of obesity in rats. J Int Med Res 38(5):1700–1707
Lamichhane A, Azegami T, Kiyono H (2014) The mucosal immune system for vaccine development. Vaccine 32(49):6711–6723
Maletinska L, Matyskova R, Maixnerova J, Sykora D, Pychova M, Spolcova A et al (2011) The Peptidic GHS-R antagonist [D-Lys(3)]GHRP-6 markedly improves adiposity and related metabolic abnormalities in a mouse model of postmenopausal obesity. Mol Cell Endocrinol 343(1-2):55–62
Maurer P, Jennings GT, Willers J, Rohner F, Lindman Y, Roubicek K et al (2005) A therapeutic vaccine for nicotine dependence: preclinical efficacy, and Phase I safety and immunogenicity. Eur J Immunol 35(7):2031–2040
McClean PL, Irwin N, Cassidy RS, Holst JJ, Gault VA, Flatt PR (2007) GIP receptor antagonism reverses obesity, insulin resistance, and associated metabolic disturbances induced in mice by prolonged consumption of high-fat diet. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 293(6):E1746–E1755
Miyawaki K, Yamada Y, Ban N, Ihara Y, Tsukiyama K, Zhou H et al (2002) Inhibition of gastric inhibitory polypeptide signaling prevents obesity. Nat Med 8(7):738–742
Na HN, Nam JH (2014) Proof-of-concept for a virus-induced obesity vaccine; vaccination against the obesity agent adenovirus 36. Int J Obes 38(11):1470–1474
Nakazato M, Murakami N, Date Y, Kojima M, Matsuo H, Kangawa K et al (2001) A role for ghrelin in the central regulation of feeding. Nature 409(6817):194–198
Nochi T, Yuki Y, Takahashi H, Sawada S, Mejima M, Kohda T et al (2010) Nanogel antigenic protein-delivery system for adjuvant-free intranasal vaccines. Nat Mater 9(7):572–578
Sadry SA, Drucker DJ (2013) Emerging combinatorial hormone therapies for the treatment of obesity and T2DM. Nat Rev Endocrinol 9(7):425–433
Tschop M, Smiley DL, Heiman ML (2000) Ghrelin induces adiposity in rodents. Nature 407(6806):908–913
Vizcarra JA, Kirby JD, Kim SK, Galyean ML (2007) Active immunization against ghrelin decreases weight gain and alters plasma concentrations of growth hormone in growing pigs. Domest Anim Endocrinol 33(2):176–189
Wang YC, McPherson K, Marsh T, Gortmaker SL, Brown M (2011) Health and economic burden of the projected obesity trends in the USA and the UK. Lancet 378(9793):815–825
WHO (2020). https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/obesity-and-overweight.
Wilson PW, D’Agostino RB, Sullivan L, Parise H, Kannel WB (2002) Overweight and obesity as determinants of cardiovascular risk: the Framingham experience. Arch Intern Med 162(16):1867–1872
Wortley KE, Anderson KD, Garcia K, Murray JD, Malinova L, Liu R et al (2004) Genetic deletion of ghrelin does not decrease food intake but influences metabolic fuel preference. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 101(21):8227–8232
Wortley KE, del Rincon JP, Murray JD, Garcia K, Iida K, Thorner MO et al (2005) Absence of ghrelin protects against early-onset obesity. J Clin Invest 115(12):3573–3578
Yang J, Brown MS, Liang G, Grishin NV, Goldstein JL (2008) Identification of the acyltransferase that octanoylates ghrelin, an appetite-stimulating peptide hormone. Cell 132(3):387–396
Zigman JM, Nakano Y, Coppari R, Balthasar N, Marcus JN, Lee CE et al (2005) Mice lacking ghrelin receptors resist the development of diet-induced obesity. J Clin Invest 115(12):3564–3572
Zorrilla EP, Iwasaki S, Moss JA, Chang J, Otsuji J, Inoue K et al (2006) Vaccination against weight gain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 103(35):13226–13231
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Azegami, T., Itoh, H. (2020). Immunotherapeutic Approach to the Treatment and Prevention of Obesity. In: Faintuch, J., Faintuch, S. (eds) Obesity and Diabetes. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53370-0_22
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53370-0_22
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-53369-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-53370-0
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)