Abstract
Butterflies (Lepidoptera) are one of the most well-known groups of diurnal insects. The present chapter provides a review of the main sampling methods for butterfly ecology and systematic studies, with a focus on adult butterflies. Sampling is here divided into two main categories: (1) active sampling, when collecting effort is dependent on the sampler, and (2) passive sampling, usually using a trap (baited or not), where collecting success is independent of a sampler. In addition, this chapter includes guidelines for the preparation, maintenance, and identification of collected material and discusses important issues for data collection and management, providing general recommendations for organizing and structuring butterfly sampling data. In sum, this chapter provides information to support well-designed and standardized studies that are essential to increase conservation efforts.
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Acknowledgments
The authors thank the editors, JC Santos and GW Fernandes, for the invitation to write this chapter. Two anonymous referees revised the submitted version. Bob Robbins carefully read the last version, made valuable suggestions, and revised English language. AVLF thanks the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, CNPq (303834/2015-3), SISBIOTABrasil/CNPq (563332/2010-7), the National Science Foundation (DEB-1256742), and the BIOTA-FAPESP Program (2011/50225-3). JPS thanks the National Science Foundation (DEB-1256742). AHBR, JYOC, and PEG thank Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior-Brazil (CAPES) – finance code 001. AR thanks CAPES (88882.345582/2015-01) for graduate fellowship. RRS would like to thank Olaf Hermann Hendrik Mielke, for helpful comments and for the requested bibliography, and CNPq (151873/2018-6) for research fellowship. JYOC thanks CNPq (141443/2018-9) for a research scholarship. GML thanks CNPq (155895/2014-1) and CAPES (88881.133074/2016-01) for a research scholarship. This work was funded in part by USAID and the US National Academy of Sciences (NAS) under the PEER program (sponsor grant award number: AID-OAA-A-11-00012). Butterfly species of this study are registered in the National System for the Management of Genetic Heritage and Associated Traditional Knowledge SISGEN (AF2F72B).
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Freitas, A.V.L. et al. (2021). Sampling Methods for Butterflies (Lepidoptera). In: Santos, J.C., Fernandes, G.W. (eds) Measuring Arthropod Biodiversity. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53226-0_5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53226-0_5
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Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-53225-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-53226-0
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)