Abstract
The matrix is the basic component of molding and core sands. Natural sands (quartz, zirconium, chromite, olivine) as well as synthetic sands are used as matrices. The most often a quartz sand is used; however it has several drawbacks: low-melting temperature, high linear and volumetric dilatability as well as phase transformations.
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Notes
- 1.
Silica behavior during heating (melting temperature, volume dilatability, or temperature of other transformations) strongly depends on its origin source, chemical composition, grain sizes, introduced additions, etc. Thus, grain size has a minimal influence on silica sand expansion, but not all sands have the same increasing degree. Sands containing finer grains are less expanding than sands containing large grains. The chemical composition has the highest influence on the silica sand expansion. The expansion of silica sand with binder addition is different than the expansion of sand alone. This is explained by the fact that several binders during heating undergo decomposition or burning. In addition, at the beginning of heating binders are undergoing further polymerization. Therefore, the expansion of molding sand is usually lower than of individual silica grains [26].
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Appendix 4.1
Appendix 4.1
Fast recalculating matrix grain sizes from AFS system into μm, according to J. Campbell [12]:
Approximate change according to AFS grain fitness number into an average grain size
AFS No. | 35 | 40 | 45 | 50 | 55 | 60 | 65 | 70 | 80 | 90 |
Average grain sands (μm) | 390 | 340 | 300 | 280 | 240 | 220 | 210 | 195 | 170 | 150 |
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Holtzer, M., Kmita, A. (2020). Aggregate Molding Materials. In: Mold and Core Sands in Metalcasting: Chemistry and Ecology . Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53210-9_4
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