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Data Acquisition in Geographic Information Systems

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Springer Handbook of Geographic Information

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Abstract

Geographic information systems (GIS) receive data from many sources that are different in technology, geographic coverage, date of capture, and accuracy – to mention few categories. The vast majority of the today's topographical and GIS-data are captured from mobile and possibly autonomous platforms that operate from the air, on the ground (also indoors) or on the water and that are equipped with optical sensors. Although the palette of optical sensors is rather large the most useful for mapping purposes falls into two categories. First are the passive sensors such as digital cameras in frame or line configuration. The main technological concepts of these sensors are introduced in Optical Sensors together with Lidar that serves the acquisition of detailed terrain structure in natural areas. The optical acquisition is supported by trajectory determination through the combined use of integrated navigation technology, which main concepts are outlined in Navigation Sensors. The geometrical principals of 3-D restitution of the scene are described first in Photogrammetry for the case of frame imagery only, later in Sensor Fusion for active sensors and integrated approaches. An overview of Mapping Products concludes this chapter.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland

    Jan Skaloud

  2. Institute for Photogrammetry (ifp), Stuttgart University, Stuttgart, Germany

    Michael Cramer

  3. Institute for Photogrammetry (ifp), University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany

    Norbert Haala

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  1. Jan Skaloud
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  2. Michael Cramer
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  3. Norbert Haala
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Correspondence to Jan Skaloud .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of Applied Sciences Neubrandenburg, Neubrandenburg, Germany

    Wolfgang Kresse

  2. Esri, Vienna, VA, USA

    David Danko

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Skaloud, J., Cramer, M., Haala, N. (2022). Data Acquisition in Geographic Information Systems. In: Kresse, W., Danko, D. (eds) Springer Handbook of Geographic Information. Springer Handbooks. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53125-6_9

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