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Spinal Manipulation

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Chiropractic
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Abstract

The main reason why the myth of subluxation refuses to die is undoubtedly the fact that it provides the rationale for chiropractors’ hallmark intervention: spinal manipulation and thus the financial basis for every chiropractor on the planet. The US ‘Practice Analysis of Chiropractic 2020’ showed that manual chiropractic adjustment of the occiput, spine and/or pelvis was the treatment task performed with the highest frequency.

The principal functions of the spine: To support the head.

To support the ribs. To support the chiropractor.

—B. J. Palmer

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Document available at https://mynbce.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Executive-Summary-Practice-Analysis-of-Chiropractic-2020.pdf.

  2. 2.

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  3. 3.

    Demoulin C, Baeri D, Toussaint G, Cagnie B, Beernaert A, Kaux J-F, Vanderthommen M.

    Beliefs in the population about cracking sounds produced during spinal manipulation. Joint Bone Spine, Volume 85, Issue 2, March 2018, pp. 239–242.

  4. 4.

    Brodeur R. The audible release associated with joint manipulation. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 1995; 18(3):155–164.

  5. 5.

    Document available at https://www.gov.mb.ca/health/rhpa/docs/hnm.pdf.

  6. 6.

    McCarthy CJ, Potter L, Oldham JA. Comparing targeted thrust manipulation with general thrust manipulation in patients with low back pain. A general approach is as effective as a specific one. A randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine 2019; 5:e000514. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2019-000514.

  7. 7.

    Sutlive TG, Mabry LM, Easterling EJ, et al. Comparison of short-term response to two spinal manipulation techniques for patients with low back pain in a military beneficiary population. Mil Med. 2009; 174(7):750–756. https://doi.org/10.7205/milmed-d-02-4908.

  8. 8.

    http://upflow.co/l/giQI/wordpress/2019/12/the-effect-of-spinal-manipulation-on-brain-neurometabolites-in-chronic-nonspecific-low-back-pain-patients.

  9. 9.

    Pickar JG. Neurophysiological effects of spinal manipulation. Spine J. 2002; 2(5):357–371. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1529-9430(02)00400-x.

  10. 10.

    Kovanur-Sampath K, Mani R, Cotter J, Gisselman AS, Tumilty S. Changes in biochemical markers following spinal manipulation-a systematic review and meta-analysis. Musculoskelet Sci Pract. 2017; 29:120–131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msksp.2017.04.004.

  11. 11.

    Haavik H, Niazi IK, Jochumsen M, et al. Chiropractic spinal manipulation alters TMS induced I-wave excitability and shortens the cortical silent period. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2018; 42:24–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelekin.2018.06.010.

  12. 12.

    Reed WR, Pickar JG, Sozio RS, Liebschner MAK, Little JW, Gudavalli MR. Characteristics of Paraspinal Muscle Spindle Response to Mechanically Assisted Spinal Manipulation: A Preliminary Report. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2017; 40(6):371–380. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmpt.2017.03.006.

  13. 13.

    Randoll C, Gagnon-Normandin V, Tessier J, et al. The mechanism of back pain relief by spinal manipulation relies on decreased temporal summation of pain. Neuroscience. 2017; 349:220–228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.03.006.

  14. 14.

    Document available at https://mynbce.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Practice-Analysis-of-Chiropractic-2020-3.pdf.

  15. 15.

    https://nccih.nih.gov/health/pain/spinemanipulation.htm.

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Correspondence to Edzard Ernst .

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Ernst, E. (2020). Spinal Manipulation. In: Chiropractic. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53118-8_5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53118-8_5

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  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-53117-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-53118-8

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