Molybdenum Disulfide (MoS2) and Its Nanocomposites as High-Performance Electrode Material for Supercapacitors

Das, Akhila; Paul, Asha; Medhavi, Nikhil; Balakrishnan, Neethu T. M.; Krishnan, M. A.; Ahn, Jou-Hyeon; J., Jabeen Fatima M.; Prasanth, Raghavan

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-53065-5_2

Akhila Das⁸,
Asha Paul⁸,
Nikhil Medhavi⁸,
Neethu T. M. Balakrishnan⁸,
M. A. Krishnan¹⁰,
Jou-Hyeon Ahn⁹,
Jabeen Fatima M. J.⁸ &
…
Raghavan Prasanth^8,9

Part of the book series: Environmental Chemistry for a Sustainable World ((ECSW,volume 55))

734 Accesses

Abstract

Supercapacitor is a promising energy storage device, which has many advantages including long service lifetime, great power density, fast charge-discharge processes, and green environmental protection. The properties and performance of supercapacitors are greatly dependent on the electrode materials; hence the selection of the electrode material is crucial. There are many metal oxides which have been reported for supercapacitors and ultracapacitors; however, its performance is not that as expected. Thus high-performance electrode materials with large surface area and specific capacitance have been a topic of interest for the development of high-performance supercapacitors. Recently, two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides having layered structures, such as MoS₂, VS₂, SnS₂, CoS₂, and WS₂, have received significant attention because they offer good energy density, power density, and cycling stability. Among them, the layered molybdenum disulfide (MoS₂) is considered to have great potential for its applications as supercapacitors. MoS₂ nanosheet is composed of one Mo atomic layer sandwiched between two S layers by covalent bonding, and with these triple layers stacked together to form a layered structure, is expected to act as an excellent energy storage material. It is because of the 2D electron–electron correlations among Mo atoms which would aid in enhancing planar electric transportation properties. MoS₂ nanosheets can deliver excellent pseudocapacitance because of the Mo ions having oxidation states ranging from +2 to +6, which enable them to be used as high-performance electrode materials in supercapacitors. Indeed, as a graphene analogue, MoS₂ nanosheets exhibit unique physical, optical, and electrical properties correlated with its 2D ultra-thin atomic layer structure and high surface area, making it very interesting for its use as electrodes in high-performance supercapacitors and also a promising supporting material to stabilize metal nanoparticles (NPs), forming hierarchical composites. The specific capacitance of MoS₂ is still very limited in alone for energy storage applications. The combination of MoS₂ and other conducting materials such as graphene, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), or ceramic nanomaterials such a zirconium (Zr) may overcome these deficiencies. This chapter gives a clear picture of the applications of MoS₂ as high-performance electrode in supercapacitors.

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Abbreviations

MoS₂:: Molybdenum disulfide
NaBH₄:: Sodium borohydride
NaOH:: Sodium hydroxide
H₃PO₄:: Phosphoric acid
RuO₂:: Ruthenium(IV) oxide
MnO₂:: Manganese(IV) oxide
Co₃O₄:: Cobalt(II,III) oxide
NiCo₂O₄:: Nickel cobalt oxide
TiO₂:: Titanium dioxide
WS₂:: Tungsten disulfide
Na₂SO₄:: Sodium sulfate
Ni₃S₂:: Nickel subsulfide
KCl:: Potassium chloride
ZrO₂:: Zirconium dioxide
MoO₂:: Molybdenum dioxide
MoO₃:: Molybdenum trioxide
1T Phase:: Trigonal phase of MoS₂
2T Phase:: Tetragonal phase of MoS₂
2H Phase:: Hexagonal phase of MoS₂
3R Phase:: Rhombohedral phase of MoS₂
DFT:: Density functional theory
EDLC:: Electrical double-layer capacitance
ESD:: Electrostatic spray deposition technique
FESEM:: Fourier transform scanning electron microscopy
GO:: Graphene oxide
HGS:: Hollow graphene sphere
ITA:: Indium tin oxide
LBL:: Layer by layer
MWCNT:: Multiwalled carbon nanotubes
NMP:: N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
PET:: Polyethylene terephthalate
PVA:: Polyvinyl alcohol
rGO:: Reduced graphene oxide
SWCNT:: Single-walled carbon nanotubes
TEM:: Transmission electron microscopy
TMB:: 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine
TMD:: Transition metal dichalcogenides
XRD:: X-ray diffraction technique
Fcm⁻³:: Faraday per centimeter cube
μWhcm⁻²:: Microwatt hour per centimeter square
Fcm⁻³:: Farad per centimeter cube
mVs⁻¹:: Millivolt per second
mAcm⁻²:: Milliampere per centimeter square
Fg⁻¹:: Farad per gram
Ag⁻¹:: Ampere per gram
KWkg⁻¹:: Kilowatt per kilogram
mFcm⁻²:: Millifarad per centimeter square
mScm⁻¹:: Millisiemens per centimeter

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Acknowledgments

The authors, Dr. Jabeen Fatima M. J and Dr. Prasanth Raghavan, would like to acknowledge Kerala State Council for Science, Technology and Environment (KSCSTE), Kerala, for financial assistance.

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Department of Polymer Science and Rubber Technology, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin, India
Akhila Das, Asha Paul, Nikhil Medhavi, Neethu T. M. Balakrishnan, Jabeen Fatima M. J. & Raghavan Prasanth
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Engineering Research Institute, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
Jou-Hyeon Ahn & Raghavan Prasanth
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kollam, Kerala, India
M. A. Krishnan

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Akhila Das
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Asha Paul
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Neethu T. M. Balakrishnan
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Jabeen Fatima M. J.
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Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Tarapacá, Arica, Chile
Saravanan Rajendran
Metallurgy and Materials Science and Research Institute, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
Jiaqian Qin
Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology and Materials, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
Francisco Gracia
CNRS, IRD, INRAE, Coll France, CEREGE, Aix-Marseille University, Aix-en-Provence, France
Eric Lichtfouse

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Das, A. et al. (2021). Molybdenum Disulfide (MoS₂) and Its Nanocomposites as High-Performance Electrode Material for Supercapacitors. In: Rajendran, S., Qin, J., Gracia, F., Lichtfouse, E. (eds) Metal and Metal Oxides for Energy and Electronics. Environmental Chemistry for a Sustainable World, vol 55. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53065-5_2

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53065-5_2
Published: 06 October 2020
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