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Hormesis, Resilience and Mental Health: Enhancing Public Health and Therapeutic Options

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Explaining Health Across the Sciences

Part of the book series: Healthy Ageing and Longevity ((HAL,volume 12))

Abstract

The concept of acquired resilience and its role in medicine and public health has emerged as a central topic for the new decade. Stress is a response to any environmental adversity (i.e., biological, emotional and cognitive) but dysregulation of adaptive stress responses which lowers resilience and health, can increase vulnerability to pathological conditions such as brain disorders, particularly, neuropsychiatric (i.e., schizophrenia, depression, anxiety, autism spectrum disorders), and neurodegenerative diseases (i.e., Alzheimer’s diseases and Parkinson’s disease). Mild stress can be beneficial by upregulating adaptive responses which enhance biological performance and protect against subsequent toxic challenges. In contrast, toxic stress reflecting an inability to cope, results in a dysregulation of adaptive stress response mechanisms and low resilience which can increase vulnerability to illness. In this context, resilience is the process of adapting and successfully coping with adverse life events, including chronic stress, socio-environmental factors, trauma, some type of catastrophe, physical or sexual abuse, negligence or parental mental illness. Detailed evaluations of biological systems showing acquired resilience reveal an hormetic biphasic dose response relationship, being reported as the result of either a direct low dose stimulation or within the context of a preconditioning experimental protocol. The hormetic dose response defines the expression, amplitude, duration and limitations of the acquired resilience in all biological systems. These acquired resilience-hormetic dose responses are reported in the pharmacology and nutritional literature with considerable information now clarifying underlying mechanisms at the level of receptor and cell signaling pathways. The study of human resilience is still a mostly phenomenological literature which has only begun to characterize biological factors in resilient individuals that are associated with more successful coping responses. Integration, optimization and tailoring of such developments to the treatment of patients offers a profound challenge and opportunities to the progress of biomedical sciences and therapeutic medicine.

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Acknowledgements

EJC acknowledges longtime support from the US Air Force (AFOSR FA9550-13–1-0047) and ExxonMobil Foundation (S18200000000256). VC wants to dedicate this manuscript to beloved Silvestro and Lorenzo Calabrese.

Declaration of Conflicting Interests

The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia, 97-95125, Catania, Italy

    Vittorio Calabrese & Maria Scuto

  2. Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Morrill I, Amherst, MA, N34401003, USA

    Edward J. Calabrese

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  1. Vittorio Calabrese
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  2. Maria Scuto
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  3. Edward J. Calabrese
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Correspondence to Maria Scuto .

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  1. Philosophy and History of Ideas, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark

    Jonathan Sholl

  2. Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark

    Suresh I.S. Rattan

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Calabrese, V., Scuto, M., Calabrese, E.J. (2020). Hormesis, Resilience and Mental Health: Enhancing Public Health and Therapeutic Options. In: Sholl, J., Rattan, S.I. (eds) Explaining Health Across the Sciences. Healthy Ageing and Longevity, vol 12. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-52663-4_28

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