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Part of the book series: Palgrave Studies in Modern Monarchy ((PSMM))

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Abstract

Whenever a royal carriage rattled past the guards in Gustaf Adolf Square in Stockholm, the sentry shouted ‘At arms!’ and drumrolls sounded, male passers-by took off their hats and bowed, and women ‘curtsied as deep as at a cour reception at the palace’. As the carriage and its outriders disappeared, the square resumed its normal pace, ‘but not for long, as the same ceremony was repeated on its return, or when some other royal lady, or the king himself, was driven or went past’. A critic of the monarchy in 1846 wrote that members of the royal family hardly ever showed themselves on the streets of Stockholm without royal pomp. This irritated the journalist in question beyond belief, but there were plenty who were certain that people appreciated it, or like one courtier could write that Queen Dowager Desirée, despite not knowing any Swedish, ‘is loved, because she is benevolent, shows herself constantly to the people in theatres, public festivities, and driving through the streets, and keeps the old royal pomp, all things the Swedes demand of their Royals’. In the 1820s, an English diplomat in Stockholm noted how the royal family preserved their remote and exalted status more than many other courts: ‘The character of the Copenhagen society is quite different from that at Stockholm. The Royal Family go about like other people’.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Wrangel (1924, 140).

  2. 2.

    Lindeberg (1846).

  3. 3.

    LUB Gustaf Ehrenborg vol. 1 22 January 1858.

  4. 4.

    Bloomfield (1884, i. 163–164).

  5. 5.

    Wrangel (1924, 139).

  6. 6.

    The royal cavalcade was sometimes postponed from 1 May, but never for long.

  7. 7.

    LUB Gustaf Ehrenborg vol. 9 15 May 1870.

  8. 8.

    Selander and Selander (1920).

  9. 9.

    BA Oscar II vol. 24 Oscar to Victor Ankarcrona, Hôtel Capmartin 5 March 1906.

  10. 10.

    Lindorm (1936, 393 & 429).

  11. 11.

    Östgötaposten 21 July 1905.

  12. 12.

    Kalmar 22 January 1909.

  13. 13.

    Kalmar 1 February 1909.

  14. 14.

    It could be noted that not just royals but also great stars of the day such as Jenny Lind, Kristina Nilsson, and Giuseppe Verdi were offered this act of adulation.

  15. 15.

    Aftonbladet 25 February 1839.

  16. 16.

    Fryxell (1882, 42).

  17. 17.

    Aftonbladet 28 February 1839; Bååth-Holmberg (1891, 236).

  18. 18.

    Falukuriren 7 March 1895; Karbasen 24, 1908.

  19. 19.

    Post- och Inrikes Tidningar 4 June 1844.

  20. 20.

    KB L 106:40:6 Magnus Lagerbergs dagbok 22 May 1873.

  21. 21.

    Barclay (1995, 119).

  22. 22.

    BA Gustaf V vol. 38 Oscar II to Gustaf, Stockholm 6 January 1879.

  23. 23.

    LUB Gustaf Ehrenborg vol.1 22 January 1858.

  24. 24.

    The royal anthem had various incarnations. The first, Folksången (‘The People’s Song’) was more correctly Bevare Gud vår Kung, composed in 1805 to the tune of Britain’s God Save the King. In 1818, a new song, Karl Johan vår kung (‘Charles John our King’), replaced it. In 1844, yet another new anthem, sometimes called Kungssången (‘The King’s Song’), was composed for King Oscar I. Officially adopted in 1893, it has been used to celebrate the Swedish monarch ever since: in 1949, King Gustaf V was still greeted at the opera by Kungssången (Gustaf von Platen 2002, 150).

  25. 25.

    KB L 106:40:5 Magnus Lagerbergs dagbok 14 June 1869.

  26. 26.

    Stockholms Dagblad 15 January 1850.

  27. 27.

    Truesdell (1997).

  28. 28.

    Cannadine (1983).

  29. 29.

    Persson (2011).

  30. 30.

    Persson (2011).

  31. 31.

    Kalmar 17 February 1911.

  32. 32.

    Study on royal audiences by Fabian Persson to be published.

  33. 33.

    Tidning för Wenersborgs Stad och Län 14 March 1865.

  34. 34.

    RA Edsbergsarkivet Hovhandlingar Circular 10 January 1907.

  35. 35.

    Stockholms Dagblad 29 April 1873; Dagens Nyheter 9 May 1873.

  36. 36.

    Aftonbladet 26 September 1844; Stockholms Dagblad 30 April 1860.

  37. 37.

    Jönköpingsbladet 25 August 1863; Söndagsnisse 13 October 1872; Dagens Nyheter 16 May 1873.

  38. 38.

    Stockholms Dagblad 19 April 1844.

  39. 39.

    Stockholms Dagblad 8 August 1859.

  40. 40.

    BA Sophia vol. 25 Uppvaktande kammarfrökens minnesbok 9 October 1872.

  41. 41.

    Lindorm (1936, 159).

  42. 42.

    Bringéus (1984)

  43. 43.

    Bringéus (1984).

  44. 44.

    Lagerqvist (2005, 216).

  45. 45.

    Folkets Röst 22 March 1854.

  46. 46.

    Blekingeposten 21 April 1871.

  47. 47.

    Schück (1904, i. 24).

  48. 48.

    Bollnäs Tidning 13 December 1879.

  49. 49.

    BA Gustaf V vol. 39 Oscar II to Gustaf, Stockholm 20 April 1890.

  50. 50.

    Blanning (1994).

  51. 51.

    RA Överceremonimästarämbetets arkiv vol. 14 1 January 1802.

  52. 52.

    Ibid., vol. 19 5 October 1807.

  53. 53.

    Troil (1885, 46).

  54. 54.

    Wrangel (1924, 179).

  55. 55.

    Von Steyern (1960, 167).

  56. 56.

    KB, Stockholm, I.n.1.2 [Nauckhoff].

  57. 57.

    KB, Stockholm, I.n.1.2 [Nauckhoff].

  58. 58.

    KB, Stockholm, I.n.1.1 [Nauckhoff].

  59. 59.

    Söderhjelm (1944, 323).

  60. 60.

    KB I.b.26 Bernhard von Beskows kalenderanteckningar 20 March 1846.

  61. 61.

    Ibid., 7 November 1855.

  62. 62.

    Ibid., 4 April 1854.

  63. 63.

    Ibid., 12 January 1847.

  64. 64.

    RA Börringe kloster arkiv vol. 139 Corfitz Beck-Friis to Christina Nordenfeldt, Stockholm 7 May 1854.

  65. 65.

    KB L 106.40.5 Magnus Lagerbergs dagbok 16 June 1869.

  66. 66.

    KB I.b.26 Bernhard von Beskows kalenderanteckningar 26 oktober 1856.

  67. 67.

    RA Börringe klosters arkiv vol. 140 Corfitz Beck-Friis to Stina Nordenfelt, Stockholm 10 February 1866.

  68. 68.

    BA Gustaf V vol. 51 Victor Ankarcrona till Gustaf, Stockholm Palace 17 November 1890.

  69. 69.

    Dardel (1918, 46).

  70. 70.

    BA Oscar II vol. 27 Oscar II to Mathilda de la Gardie, Drottningholm 30 September 1892.

  71. 71.

    KB L 106.40.6 Magnus Lagerbergs dagbok 10 May 1873; Palmstierna (1952, 47).

  72. 72.

    BA Oscar II vol. 27 Oscar II to Mathilda de la Gardie, Drottningholm 30 September 1892; BA Gustaf V vol. 51 Victor Ankarcrona to Gustaf, Kristiania 14 February 1889.

  73. 73.

    BA Drottning Sophia vol. 11 Leonard Wilheln Stjernstedt adjutantsdagbok 7 February 1877.

  74. 74.

    BA Sophia vol. 9 Carl Malcolm Lilliehöök to Sophia, 24 December 1876.

  75. 75.

    Ibid. Stockholm 25 December 1876.

  76. 76.

    BA Gustaf V vol. 51 Victor Ankarcrona to Gustaf, Kristiania 16 February 1889; ibid., Kristiania 19 February 1889.

  77. 77.

    BA Oscar II vol. 27 Oscar II to Richard Björkstén, Stockholm 31 March 1848.

  78. 78.

    Ibid. Stockholm 12 March 1850. Such memories led him later to worry about his grandson, Prince Gustaf Adolf: ‘I can see that Gusty is “very well liked” in society, not least by the ladies. If only he does not fall in love; but perhaps he is calmer than I was at his age!’ (BA Gustaf V vol. 39 Oscar II to Gustaf, Stockholm 22 February 1903).

  79. 79.

    BA Sophia vol. 37 Handlingar Fredrik Adelborg to Märta Eketrä, Vevey 27 April 1887.

  80. 80.

    Eugen (1942), Schönpflug (2013, 68).

  81. 81.

    BA Oscar II vol. 36 Sophia to Oscar II, 1877.

  82. 82.

    BA Gustaf V vol. 51 Victor Ankarcrona to Gustaf, Stockholm Palace 20 April 1910.

  83. 83.

    Arbetet 1 September 1897; Socialdemokraten 18 September 1897.

  84. 84.

    BA Oscar II vol. 27 Oscar II to Mathilda de la Gardie, Stockholm 19 January 1903.

  85. 85.

    Ibid., Stockholm Palace 18 February 1906.

  86. 86.

    KB I.b.26 Bernhard von Beskows kalenderanteckningar 13 november.

  87. 87.

    Dagens Nyheter ‘Garnisons- och sällskapslifvet i Stockholm för 70 år sedan’ 17 December 1880.

  88. 88.

    SLA Räkenskaper för fester vol.20 [garden party 29 July 1907]. Before that, Princess Ingeborg gave garden parties in 1902. Kalmar 28 July 1902. After that the less ostentatious garden party was a recurring event. Dalpilen 9 July 1909; Dalpilen 5 August 1910; Kalmar 8 July 1912.

  89. 89.

    RA Edsbergs arkiv Hovhandlingar vol. 9.

  90. 90.

    RA Edsbergs arkiv Hovhandlingar vol. 9. The interest in cinema flourished at court as both Crown Prince Gustaf Adolf and his uncle Prince Charles had cinema equipment installed in their apartments.

  91. 91.

    RA Edsbergs arkiv Hovhandlingar vol. 9.

  92. 92.

    Fäderneslandet 8 February 1908.

  93. 93.

    Kalmar 30 July 1909; Welch (1951, 193–194).

  94. 94.

    Fleetwood (1968, 986).

  95. 95.

    Hadenius and Nevéus (1960, 5).

  96. 96.

    BA Gustaf V vol. 39 Oscar II t Gustaf, Grand Hôtel Biarritz 26 March 1899.

  97. 97.

    Ibid., Ems 1 June 1902.

  98. 98.

    BA Gustaf V vol. 56 Herman Wrangel to Gustaf, London 26 February 1914.

  99. 99.

    SLA Hovmarskalksämbetets arkiv D I:2 Matrikel över middagsbjudningar 1912.

  100. 100.

    SLA Hovmarskalksämbetets arkiv D I:3 Matrikel över middagsbjudningar 1920–35.

  101. 101.

    SLA Hovmarskalksämbetets arkiv D I:3 Matrikel över middagsbjudningar 1920–35.

  102. 102.

    SLA Hovmarskalksämbetets arkiv D I:3 Matrikel över middagsbjudningar 1920–35.

  103. 103.

    SLA Hovmarskalksämbetets arkiv D I:3 Matrikel över middagsbjudningar 1920–35.

  104. 104.

    SLA Uppslagsbok på presenterade damer sedan 1908; RA Palmstiernska släktarkivet Ebba Carlheim-Gyllenskölds arkiv vol.1 Minnen 4 December 1917.

  105. 105.

    Sveriges statskalender (1950).

  106. 106.

    Sveriges statskalender (1970).

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Persson, F. (2020). Magnificent, Engaging, or Remote. In: Survival and Revival in Sweden's Court and Monarchy, 1718–1930. Palgrave Studies in Modern Monarchy. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-52647-4_10

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