Abstract
This chapter focuses on the role of port-cities within the system of the global economy. While literature on globalization has paid too much attention to the major global/world cities at the top hierarchy such as New York, London and Tokyo, it has rather neglected how other cities—especially those with ports—are affected by globalization trends. Although it is not the intension of this book to discuss or criticize the globalization theories, and the impact of global forces on the city, however, since ports are considered as elements within a global network, it is essential to unpack some concepts: gateway-cities, entrepôts and hub-cities are used as filters to study the role of cities within the system of global connections. The intension is to broaden our understanding on the connection between globalization and the city, beyond the limited focus on global/world cities. The role of ‘maritime ports’ as important assets for the city is also discussed through positioning this infrastructure, as a freight transport terminal, within the logistics system and the global supply chain. In fact, through the growing complexity of supply chains and markets, port-cities can become a nodal point to facilitate the transportation of goods and knowledge.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
GaWC stands for the Globalization and World Cities Research Group, which is a research network based in the Geography Department at Loughborough University (UK), founded by Taylor in 1998, where they study the relationships between world cities in the context of globalization. https://www.lboro.ac.uk.
- 2.
The classification is based upon the office networks of 100 advanced producer service firms in 315 cities. Cf. GaWC Research Bulletin 43. https://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/world2000.html.
- 3.
In the economy, basic sectors are related to local businesses (firms) that are entirely dependent on external factors. Locally based resources such as mining and agriculture, manufacturing, and tourism are mainly referred to as basic sectors as their existence depend largely upon non-local factors. Non-basic industries are, in contrast, defined as sectors that requires local business conditions, such as local services (shops, public schools, local government, etc.).
- 4.
Early stage of economic growth is derived from industries that facilitate transformation or distribution. Along with the city’s growing central dominance, further development is occurred through rising imports and economic agglomeration (Irwin and Hughes 1992).
References
Akhavan M (2017) Development dynamics of port-cities interface in the Arab Middle Eastern world—the case of Dubai global hub port-city. Cities 60(part A):343–352. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2016.10.009
Akhavan M, Mariotti I (2015) The role of infrastructural investment in attracting FDI: the case of Dubai. In: The XVII conference of the Italian association of transport economics and logistics (SIET). Bocconi University, Milan
Akhavan M, Ghiara H, Mariotti I, Sillig C (2020a) Logistics global network connectivity and its determinants. A European city network analysis. J Transp Geogr 82:1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2019.102624
Akhavan M, Mariotti I, Ghiara H, Musso E, Silling C (2020b) Attractiveness of port-centric advanced logistics clusters. In: Wilmsmeier G, Monios J (eds) Geographies of maritime transport. Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham and Northampton, pp 275–290
Alexander JW (1954) The basic-nonbasic concept of urban economic functions. Econ Geogr 30(3):246–261. https://doi.org/10.2307/141870
Amin A, Thrift N (2002) Cities: reimagining the urban. Polity Press, Cambridge
Andrews RB (1953) Mechanics of the urban economic base: historical development of the base concept. Land Econ 29(2):161–167. https://doi.org/10.2307/3144408
Antoine S, Sillig C, Ghiara H (2017) Advanced logistics in Italy: a city network analysis. Tijdschr Econ Soc Geogr 108(6):753–767. https://doi.org/10.1111/tesg.12215
Balasubramanyam VN, Salisu M, Sapsford D (1996) Foreign direct investment and growth in EP and is countries. Econ J 106(434):92–105
Barbieri E, Pollio C (2015) Industrial development and manufacturing in Chinese territories: the contribution of special economic enclaves policies. Working papers 1501, c.MET-05. Centro Interuniversitario di Economia Applicata alle Politiche per L’industria, lo Sviluppo locale e l’Internazionalizzazione, revised Jan 2015
Bassens D (2013) The city-upon-the-gulf: the relational growth and decline of ‘world city’ Dubai. In: Acuto M, Steele W (eds) Global city challenges: debating a concept, improving the practice. Palgrave Macmillan, Houndmills and New York, pp 47–62
Beaverstock JV, Smith RG, Taylor PJ (1999) A roster of world cities. Cities 16(6):445–458. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0264-2751(99)00042-6
Belloumi M (2014) The relationship between trade, FDI and economic growth in Tunisia: an application of the autoregressive distributed lag model. Econ Syst 38(2):269–287
Bichou K, Gray R (2004) A logistics and supply chain management approach to port performance measurement. Marit Policy Manag 31:47–67. https://doi.org/10.1080/0308883032000174454
Bird J (1963) The major seaports of the United Kingdom. Hutchinson, London
Burghardt AF (1971) A hypothesis about gateway cities. Ann Assoc Am Geogr 61(2):269–285. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8306.1971.tb00782.x
Carbone V, De Martino M (2003) The changing role of ports in supply-chain management: an empirical analysis. Marit Policy Manag 30:305–320. https://doi.org/10.1080/0308883032000145618
Cartier C (1999) Cosmopolitics and the maritime world city. Geogr Rev 89:278–289. https://doi.org/10.2307/216092
Castellani D, Zanfei A (2006) Multinational firms, innovation and productivity. Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham
Castells M (1989) The informational city: information technology, economic restructuring, and the urban-regional process. Basil Blackwell, Oxford
Castells M (1996) The rise of the network society: the information age: economy, society, and culture, vol 1. Wiley, Chichester
Caves R (1996) Multinational enterprise and economic analysis. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Chen L, Notteboom T (2012) Determinants for assigning value-added logistics services to logistics centers within a supply chain configuration. J Int Logist Trade 10(1):3–41. https://doi.org/10.24006/jilt.2012.10.1.001
Cho H, Ha Y (2009) Determinants of FDI inflow in regional port with resource-based view and institutional theory: a case of Pohang-Yeongil port. Asian J Ship Logist 25(2):305–331
Christaller W, Baskin CW (1966) Central places in southern Germany. Prentice Hall
Clark C (1945) The economic functions of a city in relation to its size. Econometrica 13(2):97–113. https://doi.org/10.2307/1907009
Clark D (2003) Urban world/global city. Routledge, London
Cooley CH (1894) The theory of transportation. American Economics Association
Council of Supply Chain Management Professionals (2007) Internet web site, supply chain management definitions
Coyle J, Novack R, Gibson B, Bardi E (1999) Transportation: a supply chain perspective. Cengage Learning
Cullinane K, Song D-W (2002) Port privatization policy and practice. Transp Rev 22(1):55–75. https://doi.org/10.1080/01441640110042138
Danielis R, Gregori T (2013) An input-output-based methodology to estimate the economic role of a port: the case of the port system of the Friuli Venezia Giulia Region, Italy. Marit Econ Logist 15(2):222–255
Dogan M (1988) Giant cities as maritime gateways. In: Dogan M, Kasarda JD (eds) The metropolis era: a world of giant cities. Sage, London, pp 30–55
Ducruet C, Lee S (2006) Frontline soldiers of globalisation: port–city evolution and regional competition. GeoJournal 67(2):107–122
Easterling K (2014) Extrastatecraft: the power of infrastructure space. Verso Books
Fageda X (2005) Load centres in the Mediterranean port range: Ports hub and ports gateway. Public Policies and Economic Regulation Research Unit, University of Barcelona
Fleming DK, Hayuth Y (1994) Spatial characteristics of transportation hubs: centrality and intermediacy. J Transp Geogr 2(1):3–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/0966-6923(94)90030-2
Freeman LC (1979) Centrality in social networks conceptual clarification. Soc Netw 1(3):215–239
Friedmann J (1986) The world city hypothesis. Dev Change 17:69–83. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7660.1986.tb00231.x
GaWC (2010) Globalization and World Cities research group. Available at https://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/
Haezendonck E (2001) Essays on strategy analysis for seaports. Coronet Books Incorporated
Hall PG (1966) The world cities. McGraw-Hill
Hall PV, Hesse M (2013) Cities, regions and flows. Routledge, Oxford
Hall PV, Robbins G (2007) Which link, which chain? Inserting Durban into global automotive supply chains. In: Wang JJ (ed) Inserting port-cities in global supply chains. Ashgate, Hampshire
Hayuth Y (1981) Containerization and the load center concept. Econ Geogr 57(2):160–176
Heaver TD (2002) The evolving roles of shipping lines in international logistics. Int J Marit Econ 4(2002):210–230. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.ijme.9100042
Heenan D (1977) Global cities of tomorrow. Int Execut 19(3):21–22. https://doi.org/10.1002/tie.5060190313
Hesse M (2004) Land for logistics: locational dynamics, real estate markets and political regulation of regional distribution complexes. Tijdschr Econ Soc Geogr 95(2):162–173. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0040-747X.2004.t01-1-00298.x
Hesse M (2008) The city as a terminal: the urban context of logistics and freight transport. Ashgate, Aldershot
Hesse M (2010) Cities, material flows and the geography of spatial interaction: urban places in the system of chains. Glob Netw 10(2010):75–91. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0374.2010.00275.x
Hesse M, Rodrigue J-P (2004) The transport geography of logistics and freight distribution. J Transp Geogr 12(3):171–184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2003.12.004
Hesse M, Rodrigue J-P (2006) Global production networks and the role of logistics and transportation. Growth Change 37(4):499–509. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2257.2006.00337.x
Holl A, Mariotti I (2017) The geography of logistics firm location: the role of accessibility. Netw Spat Econ 18(2):337–361
Hopkins AG (ed) (2003) Globalization in world history. W. W. Norton & Company, New York. ISBN 978-0-393-97942-8
Hoyle BS (1989) The port—city interface: trends, problems and examples. Geoforum 20(4):429–435. https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7185(89)90026-2
Hymer S (1972) The multinational corporation and the law of uneven development. In: Bhagwati JN (ed) Economics and world order. Macmillan, New York, pp 113–140
International Maritime Organization (2012) International shipping facts and figures—information resources on trade, safety, security, environment. Maritime Knowledge Centre
Irwin MD, Hughes HL (1992) Centrality and the structure of urban interaction: measures, concepts, and applications. Soc Forces 71:17–51. https://doi.org/10.2307/2579964
Jacobs W, Hall PV (2007) What conditions supply chain strategies of ports? The case of Dubai. GeoJournal 68(4):327–342. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10708-007-9092-x
Jacobs W, Ducruet C, De Langen P (2010) Integrating world cities into production networks: the case of port cities. Glob Netw 10(1):92–113. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0374.2010.00276.x
Keeling DJ (1995) Transportation and the world city paradigm. In: Knox PL, Taylor PJ (eds) World cities in a world system. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 115–131
Ken WL (1978) Singapore: its growth as an entrepot port, 1819–1941. J Southeast Asian Stud 9(1):50–84. https://doi.org/10.2307/20070245
Keshavarzian A (2010) Geopolitics and the genealogy of free trade zones in the Persian Gulf. Geopolitics 15:263–289. https://doi.org/10.1080/14650040903486926
Knox PL, Taylor PJ (1995) World cities in a world-system. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Lavissière A, Rodrigue J-P (2017) Free ports: towards a network of trade gateways. J Ship Trade 2(1):7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41072-017-0026-6
Lipsey RE (2000) Inward FDI and economic growth in developing countries. Transnatl Corp 9(1):67–95
Mangan J, Lalwani C, Fynes B (2008) Port-centric logistics. Int J Logist Manag 19:29–41. https://doi.org/10.1108/09574090810872587
Marcuse P, Van Kempen R (2000) Globalizing cities: a new spatial order. Wiley
Mariotti I (2015) Transport and logistics in a globalizing world: a focus on Italy. Springer International Publishing
Mariotti S, Piscitello L (2006) Multinazionali, innovazione e strategie per la competitività. Il Mulino
Muller EK (1976) Selective urban growth in the Middle Ohio Valley, 1800–1860. Geogr Rev 66(2):178–199. https://doi.org/10.2307/213579
Nam H-S, Song D-W (2011) Defining maritime logistics hub and its implication for container port. Marit Policy Manag 38(3):269–292. https://doi.org/10.1080/03088839.2011.572705
Notteboom T, Rodrigue J (2005) Port regionalization: towards a new phase in port development. Marit Policy Manag 32(3):297–313
Notteboom TE, Winkelmans W (2001) Structural changes in logistics: how will port authorities face the challenge? Marit Policy Manag 28(1):71–89. https://doi.org/10.1080/03088830119197
O’Connor K (2010) Global city regions and the location of logistics activity. J Transp Geogr 18(3):354–362. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2009.06.015
O’Connor K, Derudder B, Witlox F (2016) Logistics services: global functions and global cities. Growth Change 47(4). https://doi.org/10.1111/grow.12136
Olivier D, Slack B (2006) Rethinking the port. Environ Plan A 38(8):1409–1427. https://doi.org/10.1068/a37421
Panayides PM, Song D-W (2008) Evaluating the integration of seaport container terminals in supply chains. Int J Phys Distrib Logist Manag 38:562–584. https://doi.org/10.1108/09600030810900969
Papadopoulos N (1987) The role of free zones in international strategy. Eur Manag J 5(2):112–120. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0263-2373(87)80074-9
Parnell S, Robinson J (2012) (Re)theorizing cities from the global south: looking beyond neoliberalism. Urban Geogr 33(4):593–617. https://doi.org/10.2747/0272-3638.33.4.593
Reed HC (1981) The preeminence of international financial centers. Praeger, New York
Rimmer P (1999) The Asia-Pacific Rim’s transport and telecommunications systems: spatial structure and corporate control since the mid-1980s. GeoJournal 48:43–65
Robinson R (2002) Ports as elements in value-driven chain systems: the new paradigm. Marit Policy Manag 29(3):241–255. https://doi.org/10.1080/03088830210132623
Sanchez RJ, Hoffmann J, Micco A, Pizzolitto GV, Sgut M, Wilmsmeier G (2003) Port efficiency and international trade: port efficiency as a determinant of maritime transport costs. Marit Econ Logist 5(2):199–218
Sassen S (1991) The global city: New York, London, Tokyo. Princeton University Press, New Jersey
Sassen S (1994) Cities in a world economy. Pine Forge Press, Thousand Oaks
Scott AJ, Storper M (2014) The nature of cities: the scope and limits of urban theory. Int J Urban Reg Res. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2427.12134
Shin K-H, Timberlake M (2000) World cities in Asia: cliques, centrality and connectedness. Urban Stud 37(12):2257–2285. https://doi.org/10.1080/00420980020002805
Short JR, Breitbach C, Buckman S, Essex J (2000) From world cities to gateway cities: extending the boundaries of globalization theory. City 4(3):317–340. https://doi.org/10.1080/713657031
Sigler TJ (2013) Relational cities: Doha, Panama City, and Dubai as 21st century entrepôts. Urban Geogr 34(5):612–633. https://doi.org/10.1080/02723638.2013.778572
Slack B, Gouvernal E (2016) Container transshipment and logistics in the context of urban economic development. Growth Change 47(3):406–415. https://doi.org/10.1111/grow.12132
Smith J (1910) The world entrepôt. J Polit Econ 18(9):697–713
Smith MP (2001) Transnational urbanism: locating globalization. Blackwell Publishers, p 221
Song D-W (2003) Port co-opetition in concept and practice. Marit Policy Manag 30(1):29–44. https://doi.org/10.1080/0308883032000051612
Taaffe EJ, Morrill RL, Gould PR (1963) Transport expansion in underdeveloped countries: a comparative analysis. Geogr Rev 53(4):503–529
Tan T-Y (2007) Port cities and hinterlands: a comparative study of Singapore and Calcutta. Polit Geogr 26(7):851–865. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polgeo.2007.06.008
Taylor PJ (2004) World city network: a global urban analysis. Routledge
von Thunen JH (1826) Der Isolierte Staat in Beziehung auf Landwirtschaft und Nationalökonomie, Schumacher-Zarchlin H (1875), Wiegandt, Hempel und Parey. Williamson OE (1985) The Economics of Institutions of Capitalism, the Free Press, New York
Tsang S (2007) A modern history of Hong Kong. I. B. Tauris
UNCTAD (1992) Port marketing and the challenge of the third generation port. In: United Nations conference on trade and development, committee on shipping, New York
UNCTAD Port Section (1996) UNCTAD monographs on port management
United Nations (2005) Free trade zone and port hinterland development. United Nations ESCAP. https://books.google.nl/books?id=waEUu-A6RfwC
Van Klink HA (1998) The port network as a new stage in port development: the case of Rotterdam. Environ Plan A Econ Space 30(1):143–160. https://doi.org/10.1068/a300143
Verhetsel A, Sel S (2009) World maritime cities: from which cities do container shipping companies make decisions? Transp Policy 16(5):240–250. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2009.08.002
Wang JJ, Cheng MC (2010) From a hub port city to a global supply chain management center: a case study of Hong Kong. J Transp Geogr 18(1):104–115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2009.02.009
World Bank (2008) Special economic zones: performance, lessons learned, and implications for zone development. The World Bank, Washington
Yeoh BSA (2003) Contesting space in colonial Singapore: power relations and the urban built environment. Singapore University Press
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Akhavan, M. (2020). Revisiting Port-Cities in the Global Context. In: Port Geography and Hinterland Development Dynamics. SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology(). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-52578-1_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-52578-1_3
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-52577-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-52578-1
eBook Packages: HistoryHistory (R0)