Abstract
Endotracheal intubation is one of the most common procedures requiring sedation, analgesia, and neuromuscular blockade. This chapter discusses the need for these medications during the process of intubation as well as the selection of the most optimal agents for various patient scenarios. This chapter is based on extensive data analyzed from the NEAR4KIDs database. In addition, the chapter also provides information on high-risk tracheal intubations.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
von Ungern-Sternberg BS, Boda K, Chambers NA, et al. Risk assessment for respiratory complications in paediatric anaesthesia: a prospective cohort study. Lancet. 2010;376(9743):773–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61193-2.
Zgleszewski SE, Graham DA, Hickey PR, et al. Anesthesiologist- and system-related risk factors for risk-adjusted pediatric anesthesia-related cardiac arrest. Anesth Analg. 2016;122(2):482–9. https://doi.org/10.1213/ANE.0000000000001059.
Lee JH, Nuthall G, Ikeyama T, et al. Tracheal Intubation Practice and Safety Across International PICUs: A Report From National Emergency Airway Registry for Children. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2019;20(1):1–8.
Rehder KJ, Giuliano JS Jr, Napolitano N, et al. Increased occurrence of tracheal intubation-associated events during nights and weekends in the PICU. Crit Care Med. 2015;43(12):2668–74.
Gradidge EA, Bakar A, Tellez D, et al. Effect of location on tracheal intubation safety in cardiac disease-are cardiac ICUs safer? Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2018;19(3):218–27. https://doi.org/10.1097/PCC.0000000000001422.
Gradidge EA, Bakar A, Tellez D, et al. Safety of tracheal intubation in the presence of cardiac disease in paediatric ICUs. Cardiol Young. 2018;28(7):928–37. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1047951118000495.
Nishisaki A, Turner DA, Brown CA 3rd, et al. A national emergency airway registry for children: landscape of tracheal intubation in 15 PICUs. Crit Care Med. 2013;41(3):874–85.
Li S, Hsieh T, Rehder KJ, et al. Frequency of desaturation and association with hemodynamic adverse events during tracheal intubations in PICUs. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2018;19(1):e4–e50.
Parker MM, Nuthall G, Brown C 3rd, et al. Relationship Between Adverse Tracheal Intubation Associated Events and PICU Outcomes. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2017;18(4):310–18.
Sanders RC Jr, Giuliano JS Jr, Sullivan JE, et al. Level of trainee and tracheal intubation outcomes. Pediatrics. 2013;131(3):821.
Grunwell JR, Kamat PP, Miksa M, et al. Trend and outcomes of video laryngoscope use across PICUs. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2017;18(8):741–9.
Pouppirt NR, Nassar R, Napolitano N, et al. Association between video laryngoscopy and adverse tracheal intubation-associated events in the neonatal intensive care unit. J Pediatr. 2018;201:28–284.e1.
Kojima T, Harwayne-Gidansky I, Shenoi AN, et al. Cricoid pressure during induction for tracheal intubation in critically ill children: a report from national emergency airway registry for children. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2018;19(6):528–37. https://doi.org/10.1097/PCC.0000000000001531.
Tournadre JP, Chassard D, Berrada KR, Bouletreau P. Cricoid cartilage pressure decreases lower esophageal sphincter tone. Anesthesiology. 1997;86(1):7–9. https://doi.org/10.1097/00000542-199701000-00003.
Kojima T, Laverriere EK, Owen EB, et al. Clinical impact of external laryngeal manipulation during laryngoscopy on tracheal intubation success in critically ill children. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2018;19(2):106–14. https://doi.org/10.1097/PCC.0000000000001373.
Sanders RC, Nett ST, Davis KF, et al. Family presence during pediatric tracheal intubations. JAMA Pediatr. 2016;170(3):e154627. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2015.4627.
Conway JA, Kharayat P, Sanders RC Jr, et al;. Ketamine Use for Tracheal Intubation in Critically Ill Children Is Associated With a Lower Occurrence of Adverse Hemodynamic Events. Crit Care Med. 2020;48(6):e489-e497. https://doi.org/10.1097/CCM.0000000000004314
Cohen L, Athaide V, Wickham ME, Doyle-Waters MM, Rose NG, Hohl CM. The effect of ketamine on intracranial and cerebral perfusion pressure and health outcomes: a systematic review. Ann Emerg Med. 2015;65(1):4–51.e2. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annemergmed.2014.06.018.
den Brinker M, Joosten KF, Liem O, et al. Adrenal insufficiency in meningococcal sepsis: bioavailable cortisol levels and impact of interleukin-6 levels and intubation with etomidate on adrenal function and mortality. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005;90(9):5110–7. doi: jc.2005-1107 [pii]
Ozawa Y, Ades A, Foglia EE, et al. Premedication with neuromuscular blockade and sedation during neonatal intubation is associated with fewer adverse events. J Perinatol. 2019;39(6):848–56. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41372-019-0367-0.
Li S, Rehder KJ, Giuliano JS, et al. Development of a quality improvement bundle to reduce tracheal intubation–associated events in pediatric ICUs. Am J Med Qual. 2016;31(1):47–55.
Rosario BL, Horvat CM, Wisniewski SR, et al. Presenting characteristics associated with outcome in children with severe traumatic brain injury: a secondary analysis from a randomized, controlled trial of therapeutic hypothermia. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2018;19(10):957–64. https://doi.org/10.1097/PCC.0000000000001676.
Stricker PA, Gurnaney HG, Litman RS. Anesthetic management of children with an anterior mediastinal mass. J Clin Anesth. 2010;22(3):159–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinane.2009.10.004.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2021 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Laverriere, E., Nishisaki, A. (2021). Sedation and Analgesia for Endotracheal Intubation. In: Kamat, P.P., Berkenbosch, J.W. (eds) Sedation and Analgesia for the Pediatric Intensivist. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-52555-2_18
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-52555-2_18
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-52554-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-52555-2
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)