Identification and Remediation of Plastics as Water Contaminant

Tahir, Zaman; Nazir, Muhammad Shahid; Fatima, Masoom; ul Hassan, Sadaf; Ali, Zulfiqar; Abdullah, Mohd Azmuddin

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-52395-4_2

Zaman Tahir⁷,
Muhammad Shahid Nazir⁸,
Masoom Fatima⁸,
Sadaf ul Hassan⁸,
Zulfiqar Ali⁷ &
…
Mohd Azmuddin Abdullah⁹

Part of the book series: Environmental Chemistry for a Sustainable World ((ECSW,volume 54))

740 Accesses

Abstract

Plastics are major assets for mankind due to their widespread applications in all spheres of life. The major drawbacks are their after-use handling, as it may take hundreds and thousands of years for its biodegradation. While major advancement has been made in the development of nontoxic and eco-friendly plastics, the accumulation of plastics in the environment has been a major concern in landfills, natural ecosystem, and oceans. The deleterious effects of plasticizers, additives, and dioxins from plastic pollutions on human health include endocrine disruption, reproductive disorders, and breast cancer. A well-managed plastic production, consumption, and disposal system must be put in place, to address this global problem. The development and application of biocompatible plastics and incentives on plastic reuse and recycle, within circular economy framework, must be implemented and enforced. This chapter will provide information about plastic; its types, nature and chemistry, consumption, and pollution impact; and the solutions and remedies. Different techniques to process various types of plastic wastes are discussed. Primary recycling of plastic wastes is a low-impact process. Mechanical recycling is widely used due to its effectiveness, where the waste is firstly converted into appropriate shapes and sizes through different processes. Chemical recycling involves the breakdown of polymers by heating in the absence of oxygen. Plastics are also degraded by means of ultraviolet light because these are not naturally degraded even by biotic means. The 3R scheme, which represents reduction, reusability, and recycling of plastic wastes, and the alternative measures through incentives to promote eco-friendly plastic products and a safer environment will be elaborated.

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Abbreviations

ATR :: Attenuated total reflectance
BBP:: Butyl benzyl phthalate
BFR :: Brominated flame retardants
BPA:: Bisphenol A
BTBPE:: 1, 2-Bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)ethane
CNS :: Central nervous system
DBP:: Dibutyl phthalate
DEHP:: Diethylhexyl phthalate
DEP:: Diethyl phthalate
DMP:: Dimethyl phthalate
END:: Endocrine disruption
EPS:: Extended polystyrene
FTIR:: Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
GC/MS:: Gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer
HBB:: Hexabromobiphenyl
HDPE :: High-density polyethylene plastic
LDPE:: Low-density polyethylene plastic
MSW:: Municipal solid waste
NaCl :: Sodium chloride
NPE:: Nonylphenol ethoxylates
PAE:: Phthalic acid esters
PBDE:: Polybrominated diphenyl ethers
PET :: Polyethylene terephthalate
PSW :: Plastic solid waste
PVC:: Polyvinyl chloride
TBBPA:: Tetrabromobisphenol A
WPO :: Wet peroxide oxidation

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Authors and Affiliations

Department of Chemical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
Zaman Tahir & Zulfiqar Ali
Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
Muhammad Shahid Nazir, Masoom Fatima & Sadaf ul Hassan
Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
Mohd Azmuddin Abdullah

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Zaman Tahir
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Muhammad Shahid Nazir
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Masoom Fatima
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Sadaf ul Hassan
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Zulfiqar Ali
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Mohd Azmuddin Abdullah
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Correspondence to Muhammad Shahid Nazir or Mohd Azmuddin Abdullah .

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Department of Applied Chemistry Zakir Husain College of Engineering and Technology Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
Inamuddin
Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
Mohd Imran Ahamed
CNRS, IRD, INRAE, Coll France, CEREGE, Aix-Marseille University, Aix-en-Provence, France
Eric Lichtfouse

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Tahir, Z., Nazir, M.S., Fatima, M., ul Hassan, S., Ali, Z., Abdullah, M.A. (2021). Identification and Remediation of Plastics as Water Contaminant. In: Inamuddin, Ahamed, M.I., Lichtfouse, E. (eds) Water Pollution and Remediation: Organic Pollutants. Environmental Chemistry for a Sustainable World, vol 54. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-52395-4_2

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-52395-4_2
Published: 09 March 2021
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-52394-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-52395-4
eBook Packages: Chemistry and Materials ScienceChemistry and Material Science (R0)

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