Abstract
A labor-leisure model helps explain why entry into competitive swim is blocked. Swim has been, historically, a racially uniform sport. Demand shocks during Olympic years may portend that a different era is coming. Blocked entry is related to competitive balance in the sport. A Hirschman-Hirfindahl index of competitive balance in collegiate swim is used to compare swim to other sports.
I want to be an inspiration, but I would like there to be a day when it is not ‘Simone the black swimmer.’
—Simone Manuel
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Notes
- 1.
https://www1.salary.com/MD/School-Principal-salary.html accessed 06/19/18.
- 2.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simone_Manuel accessed on June 19, 2018.
- 3.
The discussion of racism and swimming is based largely on Wiltse (2007).
- 4.
Matt Szabo wrote for USA Water Polo www.usawaterpolo.org/genrel/081717aaa.html accessed 2/9/2018
- 5.
According to the Outdoor Foundation based on a sample of 12,631 household surveys in 2018.
- 6.
http://www.scholarshipstats.com/swimming.htm accessed 1/17/2018.
- 7.
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Pope, D. G., & Pope, J. C. (2014). Understanding college application decisions: Why college sports success matters. Journal of Sports Economics, 15(2), 107–131.
Wiltse, J. (2007). Contested waters: A social history of swimming pools in America. Univ of North Carolina Press.
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Harris, J.S., Ferrante, C. (2020). Blocked Entry and Demand Shocks in Age-Group and Collegiate Swimming. In: Harris, J.S. (eds) The Economics of Aquatic Sports. Sports Economics, Management and Policy, vol 17. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-52340-4_6
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