Skip to main content

The European External Action Service

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
The Palgrave Handbook of EU Crises

Part of the book series: Palgrave Studies in European Union Politics ((PSEUP))

  • 4232 Accesses

Abstract

The European External Action Service (EEAS) evolved from 2010 onwards amidst various crises that shaped its identity construction and policy approach. The dominant austerity discourse of the financial crisis embedded the notions of budget-neutrality and providing added value firmly in the EEAS identity. The inability and inadequacy of the EEAS to manage the rising insecurity after the Arab Spring or the Syria conflict triggered a re-consideration of EU foreign policy objectives. Security for the EU and its citizens was anchored prominently as the main priority in the revised European Neighborhood Policy strategy in 2015 and the EU Global Strategy in 2016. Crises did not make or break the EEAS, but in their interplay with other dynamics they left a considerable mark on the formative first decade of the EEAS.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 229.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 299.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 299.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

Notes

  1. 1.

    See Eur-lex Online budget: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/budget/www/index-en.htm.

  2. 2.

    Budget of the Dutch Foreign Ministry: https://www.government.nl/ministries/ministry-of-foreign-affairs/policy-and-budget/foreign-affairs-budget-2018.

References

  • Aggestam, L., & Johansson, M. (2017). The Leadership Paradox in EU Foreign Policy. Journal of Common Market Studies, 55(6), 1203–1220.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Allen, D. (2012). The Common Foreign and Security Policy. In E. Jones, A. Menon, & S. Weatherwill (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of the European Union. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Allen, D., & Smith, M. (2012). Relations with the Rest of the World. Journal of Common Market Studies, 50(Annual Review), 162––177. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5965.2012.02277.x.

  • Austermann, F. (2014). European Union Delegations in EU Foreign Policy: A Diplomatic Service of Different Speeds. Basingstoke: Palgrave.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Balfour, R., & Raik, K. (2013). The European External Action Service and National Diplomacies (EPC Report). Available at: https://www.epc.eu/pub_details.php?cat_id=2&pub_id=3385. Accessed 29 Aug 2019.

  • Barbé, E., & Morillas, P. (2019). The EU Global Strategy: the Dynamics of a More Politicized and Politically Integrated Foreign Policy. Cambridge Review of International Affairs (Early View). https://doi.org/10.1080/09557571.2019.1588227.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bátora, J. (2013). The “Mitrailleuse Effect”: The EEAS as an Interstitial Organization and the Dynamics of Innovation in Diplomacy. Journal of Common Market Studies, 51(4), 598–613.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bicchi, F., & Maurer, H. (2018). European Cooperation Abroad: European Diplomatic Cooperation Outside EU Borders. Introduction to the Special Issue. The Hague Journal of Diplomacy, 13(1), 1–19.

    Google Scholar 

  • Costa, O. (2019). The Politicization of EU External Relations. Journal of European Public Policy, 26(5), 790–802.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dinan, D. (2011). Governance and Institutions: Implementing the Lisbon Treaty in the Shadow of the Euro Crisis. Journals of Common Market Studies, 49(Annual Review), 103–121.

    Google Scholar 

  • Duquet, S. (2018). Bound or Unbridled? A Legal Perspective on the Diplomatic Functions of European Union Delegations. The Hague Journal of Diplomacy, 13(1), 21–40.

    Google Scholar 

  • EEAS. (2011, December 22). Report by the High Representative to the European Parliament, the Council and the Commission. Available at: http://www.eeas.europa.eu/images/top_stories/2011_eeas_report_cor.pdf. Accessed 29 Aug 2019.

  • EEAS. (2013). EEAS Review. Available at: http://eeas.europa.eu/library/publications/2013/3/2013_eeas_review_en.pdf. Accessed 05 Sept 2019.

  • EEAS. (2015). Human Resources Report 2015. Available at: https://eeas.europa.eu/sites/eeas/files/eeas_human_resources_report_2015.pdf.

  • EEAS. (2016). Shared Vision, Common Action: A Stronger Europe. A Global Strategy for the European Union’s Foreign and Security Policy. Available at: https://eeas.europa.eu/sites/eeas/files/eugs_review_web_0.pdf. Accessed 29 Aug 2019.

  • EEAS. (2019). The European Union’s Global Strategy Three Years on, Looking Forward. Available at: https://eeas.europa.eu/sites/eeas/files/eu_global_strategy_2019.pdf. Accessed 29 Aug 2019.

  • EU Observer. (2019, May 1). EU Ignores Hungary Veto on Israel, Posing Wider Questions. EU Observer. Available at: https://euobserver.com/foreign/144768. Accessed 29 Aug 2019.

  • European Commission & High Representative. (2012). Joint Decision of the Commission and the High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy of 28 March 2012 on Cooperation Mechanisms concerning the Management of Delegations of the European Union. JOIN (2012) 8 final.

    Google Scholar 

  • Juncos, A. (2017). Resilience as the New EU Foreign Policy Paradigm: A Pragmatist Turn? European Security, 26(1), 1–18.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Juncos, A., & Pomorska, K. (2014). Manufacturing Esprit de Corps: The Case of the European External Action Service. Journal of Common Market Studies, 52(2), 301–319.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Juncos, A., & Whitman, R. (2015). The Arab Spring, the Eurozone Crisis and the Neighbourhood: A Region in Flux. Journal of Common Market Studies, 52(Annual Review), 147–161.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maurer, H., & Morgenstern-Pomorski, J.-H. (2018). The Quest for Throughput Legitimacy: The EEAS, EU Delegations and the Contested Structures of European Diplomacy. Global Affairs, 4(2–3), 305–316.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mogherini, F. (2018). Speech by HR/VP Mogherini at the Opening Session of the 2018 EU Ambassadors Conference. Brussels.

    Google Scholar 

  • Morgenstern-Pomorski, J.-H. (2018). The Contested Diplomacy of the European External Action Service: Inception, Establishment and Consolidation. Abingdon: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Natorski, M. & Pomorska, K. (2017). Trust and Decision‐making in Times of Crisis: The EU’s Response to the Events in Ukraine. Journal of Common Market Studies, 55(1), 54–70.

    Google Scholar 

  • O’Sullivan, D. (2011, January 14). Setting Up the EEAS: Notes from Podcast at IIEA Dublin. Available at: http://www.eeas.europa.eu/archives/docs/speeches/2011_1201_dos_iiea_en.pdf. Accessed 29 Aug 2019.

  • O’Sullivan, D. (2012). The European External Action Service One Year on: Note of Comments Made at European Policy Centre Breakfast Meeting on 25 January 2012. Available at: http://eeas.europa.eu/images/top_stories/2012_dos_speech.pdf. Accessed 29 Aug 2019.

  • Politico. (2019, February 5). Black Monday. Brussels Playbook. Available at: https://www.politico.eu/newsletter/brussels-playbook/politico-brussels-playbook-black-monday-another-messy-day-in-brexit-trolling-romania/. Accessed 29 Aug 2019.

  • Pomorska, K., & Noutcheva, G. (2017). Europe as a Regional Actor: Waning Influence in an Unstable and Authoritarian Neighbourhood. Journal of Common Market Studies, 55(Annual Review), 166–176.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pomorska, K., & Vanhoonacker, S. (2016). Europe as a Global Actor: Searching for a New Strategic Approach. Journal of Common Market Studies, 54(Annual Review), 204–2017.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spence, D. (2012). The Early Days of the European External Action Service: A Practitioner’s View. The Hague Journal of Diplomacy, 7(1), 115–134.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Vooren, B. (2011). A Legal-Institutional Perspective on the European External Action Service. Common Market Law Review, 48, 475–502.

    Google Scholar 

  • Whitman, R., & Juncos, A. (2013). Stasis in Status: Relations with the Wider Europe. Journal of Common Market Studies, 51(Annual Review), 155–167.

    Google Scholar 

  • Whitman, R., & Juncos, A. (2014). Challenging Events, Diminishing Influence? Relations with Wider Europe. Journal of Common Market Studies, 52(Annual Review), 157–169.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wouters, J., De Baere, G., Van Vooren, B., & Raube, K. (2013). Organisation and Functioning of the European External Action Service. Study Requested by the European Parliament AFET Committee. Available at: http://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/etudes/join/2013/457111/EXPO-AFET_ET(2013)457111_EN.pdf. Accessed 29 Aug 2019.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Heidi Maurer .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2021 The Author(s)

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Maurer, H. (2021). The European External Action Service. In: Riddervold, M., Trondal, J., Newsome, A. (eds) The Palgrave Handbook of EU Crises. Palgrave Studies in European Union Politics. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51791-5_19

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics