Abstract
Purpose: The China Railway has an important impact on the transport of domestic energy products. The Chinese Prime Minister sees railway freight as a barometer of the Chinese economy; therefore, the study of China’s Railway freight is meaningful. During the past 5 years, from 2012 to 2016, China Railway freight volume continually declined, leading to a very serious situation. It is important to predict the volume of rail freight because it indicates the development of the Chinese economy. The prediction of China’s railway freight by a traditional regression model is not very effective because it is too sensitive to changes in statistical data. In particular, economic changes in China are now too large, resulting in significant changes in railway freight volume. In this chapter, we aim to use an machine learning model to predict China’s railway freight volume and attempt to determine whether the random forest regression model is more effective than the conventional forecasting method.
Design/methodology/approach: In this chapter, random forest regression is applied to quantitatively predict railway freight volume. Six independent variables were collected from Jan 2001 to Dec 2016 in relation to China’s railway freight. After data analysis, a random forest regression model of China’s railway freight volume was built using the R language. To obtain the most suitable regression model, the random forest regression error is contrasted with the multiple linear regression model. The result shows that random forest regression model performed better than linear regression.
Findings: The results in this study indicate the following: (1) the random forest regression model is able to predict railway freight volume using the selected variables. (2) By comparison of the variance and the normalized mean square error (NMSE) of different models, the best random forest regression model is obtained, and this model performs accurate prediction. (3) Compared with the multiple linear regression model, the random forest regression model exhibits superiority in prediction accuracy, robustness and fitness. (4) Although coal makes up the largest proportion of railway freight, refined oil production also has a large impact.
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Acknowledgements
This chapter is funded by the National Natural Science Foundation (Grant No. 71390334), the EC-China Research Network on Integrated Container Supply Chain Project (No. 612546), and the Beijing Logistics Informatics Research Base.
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Appendix Table. Chinese Railway Freight and Other Industry Data
Appendix Table. Chinese Railway Freight and Other Industry Data
Month | Railway freight (Mt) | Steel output (Mt) | Coal output (Mt) | Refined oil output (Mt) | Thermal power output (billion KW/h) | Fixed asset investment (billion yuan) | Growth rate of industrial added value (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Jan-2001 | 137.00 | 10.91 | 63.45 | 16.27 | 88.022 | 3.5930 | 2.3 |
Feb-2001 | 131.00 | 11.31 | 67.97 | 15.76 | 100.431 | 1.7965 | 19 |
Mar-2001 | 152.00 | 13.23 | 82.49 | 18.12 | 88.722 | 4.4913 | 12.1 |
Apr-2001 | 147.00 | 12.85 | 79.42 | 18.65 | 95.111 | 5.3895 | 11.5 |
May-2001 | 155.00 | 13.28 | 80.63 | 19.03 | 93.663 | 7.1860 | 10.2 |
Jun-2001 | 149.00 | 13.61 | 80.94 | 18.33 | 94.658 | 7.1860 | 10.1 |
Jul-2001 | 152.00 | 12.96 | 74.14 | 16.6 | 106.032 | 6.2878 | 8.1 |
Aug-2001 | 154.00 | 13.41 | 78.1 | 16.91 | 100.992 | 6.2878 | 8.1 |
Sep-2001 | 151.00 | 13.17 | 81.18 | 17.79 | 97.313 | 8.0843 | 9.5 |
Oct-2001 | 158.00 | 13.54 | 83.89 | 18.51 | 96.623 | 8.9825 | 8.8 |
Nov-2001 | 149.00 | 15.34 | 88.06 | 18.76 | 138.632 | 9.8808 | 7.9 |
Dec-2001 | 151.00 | 13.86 | 100.19 | 16.71 | 76.552 | 20.6598 | 8.7 |
Jan-2002 | 161.00 | 14.01 | 86.33 | 17.17 | 116.264 | 3.8509 | 18.6 |
Feb-2002 | 141.00 | 13.27 | 68.49 | 16.12 | 80.532 | 1.9255 | 2.7 |
Mar-2002 | 157.00 | 16.02 | 93.78 | 17.79 | 109.261 | 4.8137 | 10.9 |
Apr-2002 | 153.00 | 16.11 | 92.81 | 18.99 | 106.414 | 5.7764 | 12.1 |
May-2002 | 161.00 | 15.89 | 91.61 | 19.33 | 104.102 | 7.7018 | 12.9 |
Jun-2002 | 154.00 | 16.63 | 93.63 | 17.95 | 106.328 | 7.7018 | 12.4 |
Jul-2002 | 158.00 | 15.67 | 87.16 | 17.16 | 118.668 | 6.7391 | 12.8 |
Aug-2002 | 158.00 | 16.52 | 90.9 | 17.73 | 112.877 | 6.7391 | 12.7 |
Sep-2002 | 155.00 | 16.60 | 93.51 | 18.99 | 110.027 | 8.6646 | 13.8 |
Oct-2002 | 161.00 | 16.55 | 94.88 | 19.6 | 113.483 | 9.6273 | 14.2 |
Nov-2002 | 155.00 | 16.27 | 100.35 | 18.99 | 116.555 | 10.5900 | 14.5 |
Dec-2002 | 155.00 | 18.64 | 114.63 | 19.83 | 134.253 | 22.1428 | 14.9 |
Jan-2003 | 156.00 | 16.48 | 96.31 | 19.31 | 119.035 | 3.4397 | 14.8 |
Feb-2003 | 144.00 | 15.82 | 85.39 | 18.45 | 109.467 | 1.7198 | 19.8 |
Mar-2003 | 168.00 | 18.26 | 106.87 | 19.66 | 126.905 | 4.2996 | 16.9 |
Apr-2003 | 161.00 | 18.71 | 107.33 | 19.81 | 122.338 | 5.1595 | 14.9 |
May-2003 | 173.00 | 19.98 | 109.11 | 18.32 | 118.852 | 6.8794 | 13.7 |
Jun-2003 | 170.00 | 19.71 | 114.44 | 18.81 | 124.23 | 6.8794 | 16.9 |
Jul-2003 | 171.00 | 19.80 | 109.93 | 20.3 | 137.808 | 6.0194 | 16.5 |
Aug-2003 | 172.00 | 21.10 | 107.19 | 20.82 | 139.595 | 6.0194 | 17.1 |
Sep-2003 | 165.00 | 20.43 | 105.61 | 21.19 | 127.588 | 7.7393 | 16.3 |
Oct-2003 | 171.00 | 21.59 | 114.71 | 21.75 | 130.042 | 8.5992 | 17.2 |
Nov-2003 | 165.00 | 21.88 | 122.38 | 21 | 139.692 | 9.4591 | 17.9 |
Dec-2003 | 175.00 | 22.06 | 135.97 | 22.32 | 146.574 | 19.7782 | 18.1 |
Jan-2004 | 176.00 | 21.18 | 96.95 | 22.52 | 128.997 | 3.6055 | 7.2 |
Feb-2004 | 164.00 | 22.25 | 110.02 | 22.03 | 140.763 | 1.8028 | 23.2 |
Mar-2004 | 183.00 | 23.83 | 128.13 | 22.31 | 150.094 | 4.5069 | 19.4 |
Apr-2004 | 173.00 | 22.18 | 131.29 | 22.07 | 141.276 | 5.4083 | 19.1 |
May-2004 | 184.00 | 24.01 | 128.72 | 23.09 | 138.066 | 7.2110 | 17.5 |
Jun-2004 | 179.00 | 23.76 | 135.41 | 22.51 | 136.882 | 7.2110 | 16.2 |
Jul-2004 | 186.00 | 24.57 | 131.5 | 22.92 | 158.449 | 6.3097 | 15.5 |
Aug-2004 | 190.00 | 25.48 | 132.55 | 23.48 | 153.315 | 6.3097 | 15.9 |
Sep-2004 | 184.00 | 26.65 | 134.06 | 22.51 | 144.397 | 8.1124 | 16.1 |
Oct-2004 | 191.00 | 27.59 | 140.18 | 23.17 | 150.663 | 9.0138 | 15.7 |
Nov-2004 | 184.00 | 28.12 | 143.7 | 23.54 | 153.755 | 9.9152 | 14.8 |
Dec-2004 | 184.00 | 27.76 | 152.7 | 24.47 | 173.514 | 20.7317 | 14.4 |
Jan-2005 | 221.00 | 26.11 | 128.79 | 24.26 | 165.049 | 5.4572 | 20.9 |
Feb-2005 | 198.00 | 25.78 | 111.38 | 22.28 | 137.827 | 2.7286 | 7.6 |
Mar-2005 | 223.00 | 30.65 | 140.02 | 24.68 | 170.209 | 6.8216 | 15.1 |
Apr-2005 | 222.00 | 29.50 | 143.87 | 23.94 | 154.817 | 8.1859 | 16 |
May-2005 | 225.00 | 30.79 | 149.89 | 24.56 | 155.01 | 10.9145 | 16.6 |
Jun-2005 | 219.00 | 30.30 | 158.6 | 23.8 | 157.722 | 10.9145 | 16.8 |
Jul-2005 | 225.00 | 30.55 | 151.76 | 24.62 | 174.186 | 9.5502 | 16.1 |
Aug-2005 | 225.00 | 32.54 | 153.96 | 24.23 | 172.639 | 9.5502 | 16 |
Sep-2005 | 222.00 | 32.61 | 157.64 | 24.62 | 163.134 | 12.2788 | 16.5 |
Oct-2005 | 234.00 | 33.10 | 163.55 | 24.25 | 160.383 | 13.6431 | 16.1 |
Nov-2005 | 232.00 | 33.33 | 170.43 | 24.21 | 170.241 | 15.0074 | 16.6 |
Dec-2005 | 249.00 | 35.92 | 180.02 | 24.68 | 204.506 | 31.3791 | 16.5 |
Jan-2006 | 222.00 | 32.47 | 129.23 | 24.82 | 175.483 | 6.5712 | 12.6 |
Feb-2006 | 211.00 | 31.82 | 136.97 | 23.66 | 166.949 | 5.9510 | 20.1 |
Mar-2006 | 240.00 | 37.74 | 166.22 | 25.2 | 184.531 | 14.1421 | 17.8 |
Apr-2006 | 236.00 | 38.28 | 174.12 | 25.02 | 177.99 | 12.3059 | 16.6 |
May-2006 | 246.00 | 40.29 | 173.28 | 25.21 | 176.842 | 19.4986 | 17.9 |
Jun-2006 | 241.00 | 41.35 | 179.67 | 25.22 | 182.893 | 17.8245 | 19.5 |
Jul-2006 | 243.00 | 37.94 | 168.42 | 25 | 202.797 | 13.7011 | 16.7 |
Aug-2006 | 250.00 | 39.06 | 174.37 | 25.14 | 220.153 | 17.1325 | 15.7 |
Sep-2006 | 246.00 | 40.08 | 181.28 | 25.05 | 191.91 | 17.0605 | 16.1 |
Oct-2006 | 256.00 | 41.58 | 186.55 | 25.65 | 195.287 | 18.0716 | 14.7 |
Nov-2006 | 250.00 | 44.32 | 189.67 | 26.1 | 210.564 | 22.6269 | 14.9 |
Dec-2006 | 239.00 | 41.92 | 203.89 | 26.95 | 233.479 | 40.4718 | 14.7 |
Jan-2007 | 261.00 | 40.44 | 174.79 | 26.44 | 223.904 | 7.8542 | 12.6 |
Feb-2007 | 232.00 | 38.57 | 142.03 | 24.94 | 171.976 | 6.5746 | 12.6 |
Mar-2007 | 257.00 | 47.34 | 177.76 | 27.11 | 223.65 | 12.2157 | 17.6 |
Apr-2007 | 259.00 | 45.86 | 188.47 | 26.66 | 213.56 | 14.6766 | 17.4 |
May-2007 | 266.00 | 46.89 | 191.15 | 27.96 | 221.12 | 17.7775 | 18.1 |
Jun-2007 | 262.00 | 51.15 | 202.4 | 27.97 | 223.52 | 18.3120 | 19.4 |
Jul-2007 | 268.00 | 48.44 | 195.61 | 27.51 | 245.32 | 19.8683 | 18 |
Aug-2007 | 265.00 | 48.28 | 193.97 | 27.51 | 240.81 | 15.4582 | 17.5 |
Sep-2007 | 257.00 | 50.57 | 203.55 | 26.95 | 223.51 | 24.7323 | 18.9 |
Oct-2007 | 272.00 | 49.03 | 198.77 | 27.62 | 222.28 | 21.1956 | 17.9 |
Nov-2007 | 261.00 | 48.23 | 211.92 | 27.67 | 237.49 | 25.1356 | 17.3 |
Dec-2007 | 271.00 | 49.81 | 218.5 | 29.06 | 254.12 | 67.7690 | 17.4 |
Jan-2008 | 224.01 | 45.92 | 187.36 | 28.44 | 249.743 | 6.6502 | 15.4 |
Feb-2008 | 213.11 | 43.13 | 170.01 | 27.37 | 202.987 | 8.8449 | 15.4 |
Mar-2008 | 239.10 | 51.89 | 211.29 | 28.89 | 254.61 | 15.9165 | 17.8 |
Apr-2008 | 232.13 | 51.41 | 213.34 | 27.38 | 242.47 | 18.4833 | 15.7 |
May-2008 | 237.91 | 53.69 | 227 | 27.78 | 242.25 | 26.8180 | 16 |
Jun-2008 | 232.28 | 53.93 | 239.36 | 29.61 | 222.923 | 27.1270 | 16 |
Jul-2008 | 237.18 | 51.83 | 220.29 | 30.31 | 265.051 | 29.9385 | 14.7 |
Aug-2008 | 244.14 | 48.03 | 222.14 | 29.19 | 240.126 | 36.0258 | 12.8 |
Sep-2008 | 234.35 | 45.33 | 228.7 | 28.25 | 222.43 | 41.9183 | 11.4 |
Oct-2008 | 233.41 | 42.76 | 219.28 | 29.79 | 212.16 | 43.9156 | 8.2 |
Nov-2008 | 206.24 | 42.84 | 226.97 | 27.27 | 203.506 | 49.1718 | 5.4 |
Dec-2008 | 205.46 | 51.02 | 219.94 | 27.17 | 227.484 | 109.6393 | 5.7 |
Jan-2009 | 212.01 | 44.22 | 172.34 | 25.77 | 204.6 | 42.1759 | 11 |
Feb-2009 | 199.93 | 46.13 | 196.56 | 25.8 | 203.661 | 33.2695 | 11 |
Mar-2009 | 225.16 | 54.38 | 233.43 | 29.37 | 246.185 | 33.2695 | 8.3 |
Apr-2009 | 220.21 | 52.25 | 229.8 | 29.43 | 218.44 | 42.5924 | 7.3 |
May-2009 | 230.72 | 57.36 | 248.41 | 31.19 | 220.014 | 50.9313 | 8.9 |
Jun-2009 | 228.23 | 62.14 | 279.09 | 31.92 | 246.316 | 62.9944 | 10.7 |
Jul-2009 | 238.74 | 61.36 | 257.82 | 33.11 | 263.955 | 49.7445 | 10.8 |
Aug-2009 | 242.01 | 62.24 | 260.75 | 32.56 | 271.687 | 50.7265 | 12.3 |
Sep-2009 | 236.24 | 61.72 | 263.16 | 32.83 | 255.387 | 55.4840 | 13.9 |
Oct-2009 | 247.24 | 63.60 | 273.07 | 33.29 | 255.14 | 54.9122 | 16.1 |
Nov-2009 | 236.25 | 62.93 | 288.94 | 33.36 | 282.943 | 64.4570 | 19.2 |
Dec-2009 | 246.01 | 64.11 | 280.62 | 34.6 | 313.094 | 194.0332 | 18.5 |
Jan-2010 | 257.68 | 61.77 | 256.1 | 33.7 | 312.8 | 32.1840 | 12.8 |
Feb-2010 | 234.50 | 55.59 | 212.98 | 31.91 | 210.29 | 21.7840 | 12.8 |
Mar-2010 | 264.87 | 68.39 | 279.81 | 34.56 | 294.77 | 35.3916 | 18.1 |
Apr-2010 | 252.61 | 68.68 | 269.29 | 34.41 | 280.98 | 53.0815 | 17.8 |
May-2010 | 263.56 | 71.86 | 283.86 | 35.79 | 275.78 | 57.2350 | 16.5 |
Jun-2010 | 254.61 | 72.40 | 296.92 | 35.35 | 257.97 | 71.6981 | 13.7 |
Jul-2010 | 261.96 | 67.19 | 291.91 | 35.28 | 280.51 | 56.7347 | 13.4 |
Aug-2010 | 260.80 | 69.71 | 301.38 | 34.73 | 308.03 | 77.2319 | 13.9 |
Sep-2010 | 252.87 | 64.26 | 276.02 | 34.91 | 261.24 | 85.9048 | 13.3 |
Oct-2010 | 263.80 | 64.44 | 300.66 | 37.04 | 255.3 | 87.7507 | 13.1 |
Nov-2010 | 255.24 | 66.01 | 337.58 | 36.66 | 282.08 | 108.7950 | 13.3 |
Dec-2010 | 259.60 | 65.98 | 327.57 | 38.72 | 305.59 | 145.1310 | 13.5 |
Jan-2011 | 276.30 | 67.33 | 268.26 | 37.19 | 311.33 | 40.4357 | 14.9 |
Feb-2011 | 250.88 | 63.53 | 247.49 | 35.21 | 262.39 | 30.3833 | 14.9 |
Mar-2011 | 281.10 | 77.17 | 307.36 | 37.66 | 326.93 | 50.7976 | 14.8 |
Apr-2011 | 266.76 | 72.63 | 318.08 | 37.19 | 309.3 | 51.6567 | 13.4 |
May-2011 | 281.07 | 77.99 | 327.3 | 38.47 | 317.83 | 46.7197 | 13.3 |
Jun-2011 | 273.68 | 78.75 | 340.2 | 35.56 | 315.47 | 58.1232 | 15.1 |
Jul-2011 | 278.91 | 76.60 | 327.83 | 37.49 | 342.07 | 44.3029 | 14 |
Aug-2011 | 277.60 | 77.19 | 327.4 | 36.79 | 354.82 | 35.3043 | 13.5 |
Sep-2011 | 269.90 | 76.09 | 318 | 36.1 | 313.08 | 37.7091 | 13.8 |
Oct-2011 | 278.88 | 72.88 | 330 | 37.11 | 299.31 | 33.5598 | 13.2 |
Nov-2011 | 269.71 | 69.97 | 321 | 37.87 | 308.67 | 62.6549 | 12.4 |
Dec-2011 | 276.56 | 71.17 | 311 | 39.23 | 352.53 | 139.3327 | 12.8 |
Jan-2012 | 278.31 | 68.02 | 256 | 39.68 | 294.31 | 12.2822 | 21.3 |
Feb-2012 | 259.08 | 71.27 | 292 | 36.86 | 314.57 | 17.6494 | 21.3 |
Mar-2012 | 286.28 | 83.17 | 295 | 38.37 | 351.91 | 29.7075 | 11.9 |
Apr-2012 | 276.83 | 79.98 | 310 | 36.95 | 305.15 | 29.9584 | 9.3 |
May-2012 | 287.59 | 81.56 | 315 | 38.33 | 311.69 | 40.0564 | 9.6 |
Jun-2012 | 263.37 | 83.44 | 315 | 35.98 | 293.61 | 48.0970 | 9.5 |
Jul-2012 | 253.33 | 81.52 | 310 | 37.6 | 329.11 | 47.9632 | 9.2 |
Aug-2012 | 251.95 | 78.74 | 307 | 37.74 | 327.4 | 45.7842 | 8.9 |
Sep-2012 | 253.77 | 80.58 | 315 | 38.76 | 287.65 | 72.6580 | 9.2 |
Oct-2012 | 267.68 | 81.17 | 315 | 39.91 | 293.9 | 81.0127 | 9.6 |
Nov-2012 | 268.56 | 80.96 | 329.8 | 41.61 | 320.44 | 81.8002 | 10.1 |
Dec-2012 | 276.72 | 81.45 | 319.8 | 43.12 | 356.96 | 145.0460 | 10.3 |
Jan-2013 | 281.18 | 81.60 | 310 | 42.89 | 371.46 | 20.9936 | 8.9 |
Feb-2013 | 250.98 | 76.67 | 240 | 37.76 | 271.52 | 16.6321 | 8.9 |
Mar-2013 | 276.51 | 89.61 | 290 | 40.83 | 352.7 | 29.3815 | 8.9 |
Apr-2013 | 254.96 | 87.61 | 305 | 38.32 | 330.76 | 43.8956 | 9.3 |
May-2013 | 262.20 | 91.19 | 307 | 39.06 | 325.64 | 46.7074 | 9.2 |
Jun-2013 | 252.65 | 90.83 | 304 | 39.6 | 324.009 | 58.3211 | 8.9 |
Jul-2013 | 259.72 | 90.75 | 300 | 40.3 | 375.095 | 45.8139 | 9.7 |
Aug-2013 | 265.93 | 91.94 | 300 | 39.74 | 395.108 | 51.5394 | 10.4 |
Sep-2013 | 269.87 | 93.55 | 315 | 38.65 | 332.389 | 56.4273 | 10.2 |
Oct-2013 | 284.04 | 92.81 | 320 | 41.08 | 339.731 | 59.5572 | 10.3 |
Nov-2013 | 273.06 | 90.32 | 320a | 40.17 | 358.533 | 82.1137 | 10 |
Dec-2013 | 282.81 | 90.41 | 320a | 42.02 | 400.846 | 154.3621 | 9.7 |
Jan-2014 | 276.61 | 87.08 | 290 | 38.61 | 361.393 | 20.0205 | 9 |
Feb-2014 | 233.74 | 78.65 | 245 | 40.17 | 322.516 | 20.0205 | 8.6 |
Mar-2014 | 262.20 | 95.07 | 305 | 41.92 | 375.48 | 24.9900 | 8.7 |
Apr-2014 | 245.63 | 92.50 | 301 | 39.58 | 341.19 | 42.8600 | 8.7 |
May-2014 | 258.23 | 96.82 | 300 | 40.33 | 340.27 | 37.9710 | 8.7 |
Jun-2014 | 247.86 | 98.04 | 298 | 41.83 | 346.06 | 58.6730 | 9.2 |
Jul-2014 | 252.46 | 94.76 | 301 | 41.08 | 366.4 | 62.0220 | 9 |
Aug-2014 | 261.05 | 94.98 | 302 | 41.39 | 352.8 | 68.9660 | 6.9 |
Sep-2014 | 253.87 | 95.75 | 292 | 42.02 | 314.646 | 89.6480 | 8 |
Oct-2014 | 264.37 | 95.25 | 291 | 43.51 | 320.6 | 86.7260 | 7.7 |
Nov-2014 | 253.85 | 92.05 | 330 | 42.25 | 345.5 | 80.1580 | 7.2 |
Dec-2014 | 254.71 | 98.22 | 330b | 44.58 | 398 | 188.0780 | 7.9 |
Jan-2015 | 254.17 | 88.31 | 290 | 42.94 | 403.05 | 30.1200 | 6.8 |
Feb-2015 | 212.13 | 79.76 | 240 | 39.7 | 291.43 | 16.4760 | 6.8 |
Mar-2015 | 236.34 | 97.56 | 305 | 44.69 | 349.72 | 42.6590 | 5.6 |
Apr-2015 | 222.74 | 96.41 | 298.02 | 43.13 | 340.9 | 50.6390 | 5.9 |
May-2015 | 229.46 | 98.48 | 309.39 | 43.92 | 344.38 | 54.6410 | 6.1 |
Jun-2015 | 220.03 | 98.43 | 326.72 | 43.35 | 336.35 | 63.9650 | 6.8 |
Jul-2015 | 225.23 | 92.30 | 306.66 | 43.54 | 365.77 | 78.8580 | 6 |
Aug-2015 | 224.22 | 94.50 | 308.63 | 44.34 | 377.79 | 69.4280 | 6.1 |
Sep-2015 | 216.40 | 94.69 | 312.68 | 44.43 | 314.59 | 73.7710 | 5.7 |
Oct-2015 | 225.12 | 94.27 | 316.95 | 44.25 | 310.72 | 74.8830 | 5.6 |
Nov-2015 | 215.36 | 93.96 | 320.23 | 43.92 | 353.18 | 90.6180 | 6.2 |
Dec-2015 | 227.04 | 95.38 | 316.59 | 45.83 | 385.59 | 189.4740 | 5.9 |
Jan-2016 | 281.26 | 81.14 | 256.73 | 43.54 | 157.18 | 20.67 | 5.9 |
Feb-2016 | 235.47 | 81.14 | 256.73 | 43.54 | 157.18 | 19.23 | 6.8 |
Mar-2016 | 274.33 | 99.23 | 293.80 | 44.91 | 364.19 | 42.70 | 6.8 |
Apr-2016 | 261.00 | 96.68 | 268.03 | 44.75 | 328.94 | 61.90 | 6 |
May-2016 | 265.75 | 99.46 | 263.75 | 44.23 | 330.00 | 73.00 | 6 |
Jun-2016 | 257.00 | 100.72 | 277.54 | 45.08 | 345.67 | 86.50 | 6.2 |
Jul-2016 | 263.49 | 95.94 | 270.01 | 45.32 | 388.85 | 65.73 | 6 |
Aug-2016 | 279.31 | 97.91 | 278.09 | 44.28 | 413.77 | 63.60 | 6.3 |
Sep-2016 | 285.60 | 98.09 | 276.96 | 43.80 | 361.23 | 109.01 | 6.1 |
Oct-2016 | 307.21 | 97.68 | 281.85 | 47.05 | 355.53 | 81.06 | 6.1 |
Nov-2016 | 304.93 | 95.40 | 308.01 | 45.77 | 379.7 | 76.51 | 6.2 |
Dec-2016 | 315.79 | 95.711 | 31097.7 | 47.822 | 423.58 | 101.591 | 6 |
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Wang, Y., Lu, X. (2021). Random Forest Regression Model Application for Prediction of China’s Railway Freight Volume. In: Hernández, J.E., Li, D., Jimenez-Sanchez, J.E., Cedillo-Campos, M.G., Wenping, L. (eds) Collaborative Logistics and Intermodality. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50958-3_6
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