Skip to main content

The Perception of the Notion of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in Madagascar: A Representation Through the Cognitive Map of Managers in the Downstream Oil Sector

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Doing Business in Africa

Abstract

This chapter highlights the meaning given by Malagasy managers to the notion of corporate social responsibility (CSR). This CSR, which translates the notion of sustainable development, still seems difficult to understand and to be acted upon effectively at the local level. Thus, the actors propose their perception of what CSR is. What are the values and responsibilities underlying their representation of this responsibility? The qualitative exploratory empirical study conducted for this research uses cognitive mapping and content analysis to accurately reconstruct the CSR representation of five managers in the oil sector in Madagascar. The results show that these managers recognise a shared responsibility (e.g., the value of caring) by all stakeholders in the oil sector to achieve effective CSR. However, legal pressure is pushing them to comply with the requirements of legal liability. The analysis of the results, through a cognitive map, provides a tool to help national authorities and private sector actors to anchor, in Madagascar, the notion of CSR in a legal framework of legitimisation and collective awareness.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 149.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Ajina, A., Faten, L., & Sabrine, A. (2019). Does Corporate Social Responsibility Reduce Earnings Management? The Moderating Role of Corporate Governance and Ownership. ¿La responsabilidad social corporativa reduce la gestión de las ganancias? El papel moderador de la gobernanza y la propiedad, 23(2), 45–55.

    Google Scholar 

  • Allouche, J., Huault, I., & Schmidt, G. (2004). Responsabilité sociale des entreprises: la mesure détournée?. 15eCongrès annuel de l’AGRH, Montréal, Septembre.

    Google Scholar 

  • Apitsa, S. M. (2020). Enjeux et défis de la RSE et du développement durable en zone portuaire: Cas des ports du Havre, de Douala et de Kribi. 10ème conférence annuelle Atlas Afmi, Management des ressources à l’international: Enjeux, configurations et impacts. 1AE—Université de Poitiers, 18–20 mai, Poitiers, France.

    Google Scholar 

  • Apitsa, S. M., Ramboarison-Lalao, L., & Gannouni, K. (2020). La GRH socialement responsable d’une multinationale dans ses filiales malgache, camerounaise et tunisienne: une réponse aux tensions stratégiques et managériales? Management International, 24(3), 92–106.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Attarca, M., & Jacquot, T. (2005). La RSE en représentations: Quelle convergence entre vision académique et vision managériale ?. Document de travail AIMS, XIVème Conférence Internationale de Management Stratégique, Pays de la Loire, Juin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barmaki, L., & Aitcheikh, D. (2014). Responsabilité sociétale des entreprises en Afrique: approche comparative (Afrique du Sud, Maroc, Sénégal et Tunisie). Revue dossiers de recherches en économie et gestion, 3ème numéro, Septembre, pp. 153–169.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barrena-Martinez, J., Lopez-Fernandez, M., & Romero-Fernandez, M. P. (2016). Socially responsible human resource policies and practices: Academic and professional validation. European Research on Management and Business Economics, 23, 55–61.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bowen, H. R. (1953). Social Responsibilities of the Businessman. In: Buchloz, R. A. (1977), An Alternative to Social Responsibility. MSU Business Topics, Vol. 25, No. 3.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bowen, H. R. (1978). Social Responsibilities of the Businessman ‘Twenty Year Later’. In E. M. Epstein & D. Votaw (Eds.), Rationality, Legitimacy, Responsibility: The Search for New Direction in Business Society (pp. 116–130). Santa Monica, CA: Goodyear Publishing Co..

    Google Scholar 

  • Brady, A. K. O. (2003). How to Generate Sustainable Brand Value from Responsibility. Journal of Brand Management, 10(4/5), 279–289.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brundtland, G. H. (1987). Brundtland Report: Our Common Future, The World Commission on Environment and Development. UK: Oxford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Campbell, J. L. (2007). Why Would Corporations Behave in Socially Responsible Ways? An Institutional Theory of Corporate Social Responsibility. Academy of Management Review, 32(3), 946–967.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Capron, M., & Quairel Lanoizelée, F. (2007). La responsabilité sociale d’entreprise. Paris: Éditions la Découverte.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carroll, A.-B. (1991). The Pyramid of Corporate Social Responsibility: Toward the Moral Management of Organizational Stakeholders. Business Horizons, 34, 39–48.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carroll, A. B. (1999). Corporate Social Responsibility: Evolution of a Definitional Construct. Business and Society, 38(3), 268–295.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cossette, P. (1994). La carte idiosyncrasique. Étude exploratoire des schèmes personnels de propriétaires-dirigeants de PME. In Cossette (dir.), Cartes cognitives et organisations (pp. 113–154). Les Presses de l’Université Laval/Éditions ESKA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cossette, P., & Lapointe, A. (1997). A Mapping Approach to Conceptual Models: The Case of Macroeconomic Theory. Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences / Revue Canadienne des Sciences de l’Administration, 14(1), 41–51.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • D’Iribarne, P. (2003). Le Tiers-monde qui réussit, nouveaux modèles. Paris: Odile Jacob, 288 p.

    Google Scholar 

  • D’Iribarne, P. (2012). Managing Corporate Values in Diverse National Cultures: The Challenge of Differences. London: Routledge.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Danet, Th. (2019). Déployer une culture RSE en Afrique. Annales des Mines—Réalités industrielles, vol. Août 2019, No. 3, 76–79.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davis, K. (1973). The Case for and against Business Assumption of Social Responsibilities. Academy of Management Journal, 16, 312–322.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Delalieux, G. (2005). L’influence des idéologies dans le développement de la RSE. Actes du 23ème Congrès de l’IAS, Lille.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eden, C. (1988). Cognitive Mapping: Invited Review. European Journal of Operational Research, 36(1), 1–13.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Eden, C. (1992). On the Nature of Cognitive Maps. Journal of Management Studies, 29(3), 261–265.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Eden, C. (2004). Analyzing Cognitive Maps to Help Structure Issues or Problems. European Journal of Operational Research, 159(3), 673–686.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Eden, C., Ackermann, F., & Cropper, S. (1992). The Analysis of Cause Maps. Journal of Management Studies, 29(3), 309–324.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • El Mehdi, I. K. (2013). Les questions de gouvernance dans les entreprises socialement responsables. Management International, 17(2), 31–47.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • European Commission. (2001). Green paper – towards a European strategy for the security of energy supply. Brussels: European Commission, Technical document.

    Google Scholar 

  • European Commission. (2011). Corporate Social Responsibility: A new EU strategy for 2011–2014. Brussels: European Commission, Technical document.

    Google Scholar 

  • Frederick, W. C. (1994). From CSR1 to CSR2. Business & Society, 33, 150–164.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Freeman, R. E. (1984). Strategic Management: A Stakeholder Approach. Boston: Pitman.

    Google Scholar 

  • Friedman, M. (1970). The social responsibility of business is to increase its profits the new york times magazine, September 13, The new york times company.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gond, J. P., & Mullenbach, A. (2004). Les fondements théoriques de la Responsabilité Sociétale de l’entreprise. Revue des Sciences de Gestion, 205, 93.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hamman, E.-M., Habisch, A., & Pechlaner, H. (2009). Values That Create Value: Socially Responsible Business Practices in SMEs—Empirical Evidence from German Companies. Business Ethics: A European Review, 18(1), 37–51.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harison, V. (2013). RSE: des principes internationaux à la mise en pratique locale. Le cas de deux entreprises malgaches. In U. Mayrhofer & P. Very (coord.), Le Management international à l’écoute du local (pp. 299–317). Paris: Gualino.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heilbrunn, J. R. (2004). Anti-Corruption Commissions: Panacea or Real Medicine to Fight Corruption ?. World Bank Institute/IBRD.

    Google Scholar 

  • Holme, R., & Watts, P. (2000). Corporate Social Responsibility: Making Good Business Sense. World Business Council for Sustainable Development, janvier, Genève.

    Google Scholar 

  • Husted, B. (2000). A Contingency Theory of Corporate Social Performance. Business & Society, 39(1), 24–48.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Langfield-Smith, K. (1992). Exploring the Need for a Shared Cognitive Map. Journal of Management Studies, 29(3), 349–368.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lépineux, F., Rosé, J.-J., Bonanni, C., & Hudson, S. (2010). La RSE—La responsabilité sociale des entreprises. Théories et pratiques. Paris: Dunod.

    Google Scholar 

  • Martinet, A. C., & Payaud, M. A. (2008). Formes de RSE et entreprises sociales: une hybridation des stratégies. Revue Française de Gestion, 34(180), 199–214.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mbengue, A. (s. d.), & Vandangeon-Derumez, I. (2007). Analyse causale et modélisation, in Méthodes de recherche en management, coord. par R.A. Thiétart, Paris, Dunod.

    Google Scholar 

  • Milliot, E., & Freeman, S. (2015). Case Study Research in Social Sciences: A Paradigmatic Alignment Framework. 41st Annual Conference of the European International Business Academy (EIBA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, December 1–3.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mintzberg, H., Ahlstrand, B., & Lampel, J. (1999). Safari en pays stratégie: l’exploration des grands courants de la pensée stratégique. Paris: Village mondial.

    Google Scholar 

  • Obrecht, J. J., & Harison, V. (2013). Essai d’évaluation de la RSE dans les industries extractives: le cas du Projet Ambatovy (Madagascar). In V. Carbone, S. Nivoix, & J.-P. Lemaire (Eds.), Nouveaux défis du Management international. Paris: Gualino.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rabekolo, F. (2019). Modélisation du processus d’adoption de la démarche RSE et de son instrumentation via le reporting sociétal Cas des entreprises localisées à Madagascar, Thèse de doctorat, IAE—Université de Poitiers, décembre, 332 p.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rajaonera, I., & Ramboarison-Lalao, L. (2013). Pratiques RSE dans les pays en développement: premiers résultats de terrain dans les entreprises malgaches. Revue Camerounaise de Management, 26, 19–33.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ramonjy, D. (2009). Ethique et responsabilité sociale des organisations du commerce équitable. Revue Management & Avenir, 29, 71–90.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rasolofo-Distler, F. (2010). Opérationnalisation d’une stratégie de développement durable par un système de tableaux de bord: une démarche innovante qui combine ‘Méthode OVAR’ et ‘Balanced Scorecard’. Actes du 31èmecongrès de l’Association Francophone de Comptabilité, Nice.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reynaud, E., & Roques, O. (2007). Les pratiques de responsabilité sociale de l’entreprise confrontées aux valeurs des salariés. Acte du Congrès AGRH, Fribourg.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schneider, S. C., & Angelmar, R. (1993). Socially Responsible Behaviour: Developing Virtue in Organizations. Organization Studies, 16, 63–77.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schwartz, M. S., & Carroll, A. B. (2003). Corporate Social Responsibility: A Three Domain Approach. Business Ethics Quarterly, 13, 503–530.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schwartz, S. H. (1992). Universals in the Content and Structure of Values: Theory and Empirical Tests in 20 Countries. In M. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in Experimental Social Psychology (Vol. 25, pp. 1–65). New York: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schwartz, S. H., Cieciuch, J., Vecchione, M., Davidov, E., Fischer, R., Beierlein, C., Ramos, A., Verkasalo, M., Lönnqvist, J., Demirutku, K., Dirilen-Gumus, O., Konty, M., & Konty, M. (2012). Refining the Theory of Basic Individual Values. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 103(4), 663–688.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Simon, H. A. (1980). Cognitive Science: The Newest Science of the Artificial. Cognitive Science, 4(1), 33–46.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, E., Tong, L., Takeuchi, R., & George, G. (2016). Corporate Social Responsibility: An Overview and New Research Directions: Thematic Issue on Corporate Social Responsibility. Academy of Management Journal, 59(2), 534–544.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wartick, S. L., & Cochran, P. L. (1985). The Evolution of the Corporate Social Performance Model. Academy of Management Review, 10, 758–769.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Weber, M. (1965). Essai sur la théorie de la science (Recueil d’articles publiés entre 1904 et 1917), Plon.

    Google Scholar 

  • Welch, C., Piekkari, R., Plakoyiannaki, E., & Paavilainen-Mäntymäki, E. (2011). Theorizing from Case Studies: Towards a Pluralist Future for International Business Research. Journal of International Business Studies, 42(5), 740–762.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wood, D. J. (1991). Corporate social performance revisited, Academy of management review, 16(4), 691–718.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2021 The Author(s)

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Miasa, N.B., Apitsa, S.M. (2021). The Perception of the Notion of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in Madagascar: A Representation Through the Cognitive Map of Managers in the Downstream Oil Sector. In: Apitsa, S.M., Milliot, E. (eds) Doing Business in Africa. Palgrave Studies of Internationalization in Emerging Markets. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50739-8_10

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics