Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Urban Linkages: A Methodological Framework for Improving Resilience in Peripheral Areas: The Case of Arequipa, Peru

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Handbook of Quality of Life and Sustainability

Part of the book series: International Handbooks of Quality-of-Life ((IHQL))

  • 884 Accesses

Abstract

Due to the global urbanization process, many cities have expanded to accommodate immigration or due to real estate speculation situations. Many of these areas are settled on risk-prone areas, and in the case of Arequipa, Peru, they have formed a fragmented and unplanned belt, located over hazardous floodable ravines, very close to the Misti volcano. This problem has been aggravated by the visible consequences of global warming, causing floods and material and human losses, as well as social fragmentation between these neighborhoods, producing abandonment, pollution, and crime.

However, these areas have an important environmental and social potential that can be developed for the benefit of the community, as they are ecosystems that could become agglutinating spaces, promoting social and economic development and improving quality of life and protection from disaster events.

The objective of this chapter is to propose a methodology that, through the participation of different stakeholders, aims at the integration of the periphery based on the ecosystemic improvement of the ravines and the promotion of relations between neighborhoods. For this purpose, firstly, a participatory and multivariate diagnosis is carried out, covering four fundamental aspects of the problem: the environmental, physical-spatial, socioeconomic and institutional approach. Subsequently, social, physical spatial dynamics, hazards and vulnerability modeling, are analyzed through GIS modeling. Finally, a conceptual model is proposed to upgrade neighborhoods and the recovery of the degraded ravines.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 189.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 249.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Agudelo Rodríguez, C. F., Vaca Bohórquez, M. L., & García Ubaque, C. A. (2013). Modelo de producción social de habitat frente al modelo de mercado en la construcción de vivienda de interés social. Tecnura, 17(38), 37–52.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Arenazas Rodríguez, A. (2020). Flora. In Zeballos-Velarde (Ed.), Atlas Ambiental de Arequipa (pp. 104–111). Arequipa: Universidad Católica de Santa María.

    Google Scholar 

  • Birkmann, J., Cardona, O. D., Carreño, M. L., Barbat, A. H., Pelling, M., Schneiderbauer, S., & Welle, T. (2013). Framing vulnerability, risk and societal responses: The MOVE framework. Natural Hazards, 67(2), 193–211.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Blaikie, P., Cannon, T., Davis, I., & Wisner, B. (2005). At risk: Natural hazards, people’s vulnerability and disasters (2nd ed.). London: Routledge.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Bohle, H. G., Downing, T. E., & Watts, M. J. (1994). Climate change and social vulnerability. Global Environmental Change, 4(1), 37–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/0959-3780(94)90020-5.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Córdoba Calquin, C., Farris, M., & Rojas Patuelli, K. (2017). Discussing school socioeconomic segregation in territorial terms: the differentiated influence of urban fragmentation and daily mobility. Investigaciones Geográfcas, 92, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.14350/rig.54766.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dibben, C., & Chester, D. K. (1999). Human vulnerability in volcanic environments: The case of Furnas, Sao Miguel, Azores. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 92, 133–150.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Folke, C., Carpenter, S., Elmqvist, T., Gunderson, L., Holling, C., & Walker, B. (2002). Resilience and sustainable development: Building adaptive capacity in a world of transformations. Ambio, 31(5), 437–440.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gallopín, G. C. (2006). Linkages between vulnerability, resilience, and adaptive capacity. Global Environmental Change, 16(3), 293–303.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gehl, J. (2006). La humanización del espacio urbano. Barcelona: Reverté S.A.

    Google Scholar 

  • Giovene di Girasole, E., & Cannatella, D. (2017). Social vulnerability to natural hazards in urban systems. An application in Santo Domingo (Dominican Republic). Sustainability, 9(11), 1–17.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hillier, B. (2007). Space is the machine. A configurational theory of architecture. London: The Press Syndicate of the University of Cambridge.

    Google Scholar 

  • IMPLA. (2016). Plan de Desarrollo Metropolitano de Arequipa 2016–2025. Arequipa: Municipalidad Provincial de Arequipa.

    Google Scholar 

  • Inostroza, L., & Tábbita, J. (2016). Informal urban development in the greater Buenos Aires area: A quantitative-spatial assessment based on households’ physical features using GIS and principal component analysis. In World multidisciplinary civil engineering-architecture-urban planning symposium 2016 (pp. 2138–2146). Prague: Elsevier.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jenkins, S., Spence, R., Fonseca, J., Solidum, R., & Wilson, T. (2014). Volcanic risk assessment: Quantifying physical vulnerability in the built environment. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 276, 105–120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2014.03.002.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kanai, J. M., & Schindler, S. (2018). Peri-urban promises of connectivity: Linking project-led polycentrism to the infrastructure scramble. Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space, 51(2), 302–322. https://doi.org/10.1177/0308518X18763370.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Klein, R. J., Nicholls, R. J., & Thomalla, F. (2003). Resilience to natural hazards: How useful is this concept? Environmental Hazards, 5(1), 35–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hazards.2004.02.001.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Libertun de Duren, N. (2017). ¿Por qué allí? Los motivos por los que promotores privados de vivienda social construyen en las periferias de las ciudades de América Latina. IDB working paper series, no. IDB-WP-857. Washington, DC: Inter-American Development Bank (IDB). https://doi.org/10.18235/0000975.

  • Manyena, S. B. (2006). The concept of resilience revisited. Disasters, 30(4), 434–450. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0361-3666.2006.00331.x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Marinescu, I. E., & Avram, S. (2012). Evaluation of urban fragmentation in Craiova City, Romania. Procedia Environmental Sciences, 14, 207–215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proenv.2012.03.020.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • MINAM. (2015). Guía metodológica para la elaboración de los instrumentos técnicos sustentatorios para el Ordenamiento Territorial. Lima: Ministerio del Ambiente, Gobierno del Perú.

    Google Scholar 

  • Muller, M. (2007). Adapting to climate change: Water management for urban resilience. Environment and Urbanization, 99–113.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ortega, E., Martín, B., Núñez, E., & Ezquerra, A. (2015). Urban fragmentation map of the Chamberí district in Madrid. Journal of Maps, 11(5), 788–797. https://doi.org/10.1080/17445647.2014.964341.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • PCM. (2011). Decreto Supremo que aprueba el Reglamento de la Ley N° 29664, que crea el Sistema Nacional de Gestión del Riesgo de Desastres (SINAGERD) N° 048–2011-PCM. El Peruano.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pelli, V. (2010). La gestión de la producción social del hábitat. Hábitat y Sociedad, 1, 39–54. https://doi.org/10.12795/HabitatySociedad.2010.i1.03.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pesci, R. (1999). La Ciudad de la Urbanidad. La Plata: Editorial CEPA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tierney, K., & Bruneau, M. (2007). Conceptualizing and measuring resilience. A key to disaster loss reduction. TR NEWS, 250, 14–17.

    Google Scholar 

  • UN-HABITAT. (2010). Land and natural disasters. Guidance for practitioners. UN-HABITAT: Nairobi.

    Google Scholar 

  • Usamah, M., & Haynes, K. (2012). An examination of the resettlement program at Mayon Volcano: What can we learn for sustainable volcanic risk reduction? Bulletin of Volcanology, 74, 839–859. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-011-0567-8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Usamah, M., Handmer, J., Mitchell, D., & Ahmedb, I. (2014). Can the vulnerable be resilient? Co-existence of vulnerability and disaster resilience: Informal settlements in the Philippines. International Journal of Disaste rRisk Reduction, 10, 178–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2014.08.007.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Van Manen, S. (2014). Hazard and risk perception at Turrialba volcano (Costa Rica); implications for disaster risk management. Applied Geography, 50, 63–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2014.02.004.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Veiga, D. (2009). Desigualdades sociales y fragmentación urbana. In Poggiese & C. Egler (Eds.), Otro desarrollo urbano. Ciudad incluyente, justicia social y gestión democrática (pp. 51–61). Buenos Aires: CLACSO.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wamsler, C. (2004). Managing urban risk: Perceptions of housing and planning as a tool for reducing disaster risk. Global Built Environment Review, 4(2), 11–28.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang, P., Hunter, T., Bayen, A., Schechtner, K., & González, M. (2012). Understanding road usage patterns in urban areas. Scientific Reports, 2(1001). https://doi.org/10.1038/srep01001

  • Yory, C. (2009). La Construcción Social del Hábitat. Una aproximación antropo-geográfica a la ciudad latinoamericana, en “clave de derechos”, orientada a la recualificación de las políticas públicas en materia de hábitat y calidad de vida. Bogotá: CIESAS.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zeballos, V. C. (2018). Costuras urbanas. In C. Acurio, J. Muñoz, H. Perochena, O. Urday, & Radar (Eds.), El método catalítico como alternativa para mejorar los efectos del crecimiento urbano informal en la periferia de Arequipa, Perú. Colegio de Arquitectos del Perú, Regional Arequipa. Retrieved from http://radar.org.pe/costuras-urbanas-carlos-zeballos-velarde/

  • Zeballos Velarde, C. (2020). Atlas Ambiental de Arequipa. Arequipa: Universidad Católica de Santa María.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zeballos Velarde, C., González Salinas, R., Cruz Cuentas, R., & Chui Choque, E. (2019). Incrementando la resiliencia en paisajes en riesgo de desastre. El caso de las torrenteras en la periferia de Arequipa, Perú. In G. Anco, Z. Velarde, P. Portillo, H. Zúñiga, G. Santander, & H. Tapia (Eds.), Gestión del Desarrollo y Ordenamiento Territorial. Dilemas de Resiliencia para la Producción Social del Espacio (pp. 257–276). Arequipa: Universidad Nacional de San Agustín.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

I would like to express our gratitude to the Universidad Nacional de San Agustín de Arequipa, for sponsoring the “COSTURAS URBANAS, Red de Centralidades Barriales en la Periferia de Arequipa como alternativa Socio Ambiental al Cambio Climático en Poblaciones Vulnerables”, with contract number IBA-0008-2017-UNSA.

The author also expresses his gratitude to my fellow colleagues and assistants that participated in some way during the project: Jorge Urquizo, Ricardo Gonzalez, Ricardo Cruz, Nilton Ferrel, Claudia Begazo, Katherine Ancco, Margot Zabalaga, Eliana Chui, Katherine Frisancho, Oshin Chua, Eduardo Romero and Natali Ramos.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Universidad Nacional de San Agustin, Arequipa, Peru

    Carlos Zeballos-Velarde

Authors
  1. Carlos Zeballos-Velarde
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Carlos Zeballos-Velarde .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands

    Javier Martinez

  2. INHUS-CONICET-GESPyT-UNMdP, National University of Mar del Plata, National University of the Center, Mar del Plata, Argentina

    Claudia Andrea Mikkelsen

  3. Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA

    Rhonda Phillips

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2021 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Zeballos-Velarde, C. (2021). Urban Linkages: A Methodological Framework for Improving Resilience in Peripheral Areas: The Case of Arequipa, Peru. In: Martinez, J., Mikkelsen, C.A., Phillips, R. (eds) Handbook of Quality of Life and Sustainability. International Handbooks of Quality-of-Life. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50540-0_27

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50540-0_27

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-50539-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-50540-0

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation