Abstract
This chapter focuses on identifying the market drivers that can enable a firm to develop in an increasingly competitive global grooming market and deliver sustainable profitability and market share growth. The primary driver of growth for electric shavers has been the fact that they can be used for a fast and convenient shave without the skin irritation, scars and bruising caused by conventional blades (Grandview Research). The fact that the European economy is also recovering over the past decade with increased percentage of disposable income per capita has led to increased sales volumes every year in the European region (Prescient and Strategic Intelligence 2015). The industry is also expected to grow at a ‘CAGR’(Compund Annual Growth Rate) of 4.8% till 2025 in the United States of America which is one of the largest and most strategic markets globally (Grand View Research 2018).Since it is essential for any firm to plot out its future investments to maximise profits this thesis uses the technique of ‘Technology Roadmapping’ to analyse the current state of the industry, find the gaps and predict the future state of the industry. Technology roadmapping is a technique that is commonly used to enable planning in the long term and strategy development. The technique enables the identification of critical technologies to fill the current gaps in the market versus customer needs and helps to make sure research and development investments by the firm are made in the correct direction (Garcia and Bray 1997a). Though technology roadmapping is currently used predominantly to plan technology and research and development investments, it can also be used for trend monitoring and market observations that can enable a firm to choose the right path in an increasingly fierce and competitive market (James V. Hillegas-Elting 2016a). The objective is to identify the ‘Market Drivers’ that can enable growth and associate them with the ‘Product Features’ needed on the device. This can then be used to assess the ‘technology’ needed to make those features available and the ‘Resources’ the industry needs to invest in to acquire the necessary technology (Phaal et al. 2004b). Due to the fact that limited academic work is available in this specific field of electric shaver, this thesis relies heavily on the input and feedback from industry specialists and researchers employed in the field to identify the existing technologies and upcoming trends in the market.
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPublication Bibliography
A contactless power transfer system with capacitively coupled matrix pad (2011) With assistance of C Liu, AP Hu, X Dai. 2011 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition: IEEE.
Albright, R. E., & Kappel, T. A. (2003). Roadmapping in the corporation. Research-Technology Management, 46(2), 31–40.
Anderson, P., & Tushman, M. L. (1990). Technological discontinuities and dominant designs: A cyclical model of technological change. Administrative Science Quarterly, 604–633.
Barham, H., Estep, J., Daim, T. U., & Oliver, T. (2018). Research and Development (R&D) Management in the Utility Industry. In (World Scientific series in R&D management), Technology Roadmapping, World Scientific, Singapore. (p. 113).
Barker, D., & Smith, D. J. H. (1995). Technology foresight using roadmaps. Long Range Planning, 28(2), 21–28.
Bitondo, D., & Frohman, A. (1981). Planning tools for effective research management in the ’’80s: Linking technological and business planning. Research Management, 24(6), 19–23.
Blaauw, H. S. (2010). Cutting element, electric shaver provided with a cutting element and method for producing such element: Google Patents.
Blume, F., Voigtmann, L. (1985). Shear foil having protrusions on its skin-contacting surface thereof: Google Patents.
Blume, F., heir Monika, I. B., heir Friedrich, B., Messinger, W., Schiffer, J. (1977). Shear foil for a dry shaver: Google Patents.
Bodo, F. (1968). Shaving head for dry shavers having a coated outer surface: Google Patents.
Bower, J. L., & Christensen, C. M. (1995). Disruptive technologies: Catching the wave., Harvard Business Review.
Bozikis, I., Psimadas, Y., & Angelides, A. (2008). Razor handle having ergonomic gripping areas: Google Patents.
Buck, B. A. (1982). Ancient technology in contemporary surgery. Western Journal of Medicine, 136(3), 265.
Buras Jr, E. M., & Harper, A. C. (1979). Electric shaver: Google Patents.
Cosner, R. R., Hynds, E. J., Fusfeld, A. R., Loweth, C. V., Scouten, C., & Albright, R. (2007). Integrating roadmapping into technical planning. Research-Technology Management, 50(6), 31–48.
Wet, G. de (1992). Corporate strategy and technology management: creating the interface. In CSIR, Pretoria.
EIRMA, W. G (1997). Technology roadmapping: Delivering business vision. In Management summary. European Industry Research Management Association, Working Group Report No. 52, Paris.
Force, N. Roadmapping Task G.M. (1997). Volume III: Digest of US industry roadmaps. In Next-generation manufacturing: A framework for action.
Foster, R. N. (1985). Timing technological transitions. Technology in Society, 7(2–3), 127–141.
Franke, W., & Klauer, H.-D. (1998). Dry shaving apparatus with a pivotally mounted long-hair trimmer: Google Patents.
Garcia, M. L., & Bray, O. H. (1997). Fundamentals of technology roadmapping: Citeseer.
Gerdsri, N. (2007). An analytical approach to building a technology development envelope (TDE) for roadmapping of emerging technologies. International Journal of Innovation and Technology Management, 4(02), 121–135.
Grand View Research. (2018). U.S. electric shavers market size, share & trends analysis report by product type (Trimmers/Clippers, Rotary Shavers, Foil Shavers), competitive landscape, and segment forecasts 2018–2025.
Groenveld, P. (1997). Roadmapping integrates business and technology. Research-Technology Management, 40(5), 48–55.
Hillegas-Elting, J. V. (2016). Roadmapping & maturity models: Coming to a view of the forest.
Hui, S. Y. (2013). Planar wireless charging technology for portable electronic products and Qi. Proceedings of the IEEE, 101(6), 1290–1301.
Hui, S. R. Y., & Ho, W. W. C. (2005). A new generation of universal contactless battery charging platform for portable consumer electronic equipment. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 20(3), 620–627.
Jacob, S. (1930). Shaving machine: Google Patents.
Johnson, G., Scholes, K., & Whittington, R. (2008). Exploring corporate strategy: text & cases. Pearson Education.
King, R. L., Crawford, T. C. (2009). Ceramic blade and production method therefor: Google Patents.
Kostoff, R. N., & Schaller, R. R. (2001). Science and technology roadmaps. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 48(2), 132–143.
Liu, X., & Hui, S. Y. R. (2005). An analysis of a double-layer electromagnetic shield for a universal contactless battery charging platform. In 2005 IEEE 36th Power Electronics Specialists Conference. IEEE.
Lupini, S. (2002, June 21). Roadmapping software survey report: White Paper, Cambridge University. Available http://www.strateva.com/resources/white papers.htm
Macintosh, A., Filby, I., & Tate, A. (1998). Knowledge asset road maps. University of Edinburgh, Artificial Intelligence Applications Institute.
Matthews, W. H. (1992). Conceptual framework for integrating technology into business strategy. International Journal of Vehicle Design, 13(5–6), 524–532.
Messinger, W., Trolltsch, K., & Tewes, B. (1991). Electric dry shaving apparatus with a movable shaving head arrangement: Google Patents.
Miller, G. R. (1991). Shaving system: Google Patents.
Mitchell, G. R. (1985). New approaches for the strategic management of technology. Technology in Society, 7(2–3), 227–239.
Nakatsu, H., & Tamura, Y. (2004). Razor blade material and a razor blade: Google Patents.
Nieto, M., Lopéz, F., & Cruz, F. (1998). Performance analysis of technology using the S curve model: the case of digital signal processing (DSP) technologies. Technovation, 18(6–7), 439–457. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-4972(98)00021-2.
Nishizawa, T. (2006). Electric shaver: Google Patents.
Okada, T. (1994). Electric shaver in which motor rotational speed is controlled according to beard thickness: Google Patents.
Ottone, B. (1957). Multiple cutter rotary shaver having uninterrupted shaving surface: Google Patents.
Panasonic. (01/2007): Overview of lithium ion batteries: Meeting the needs of portable electronic devices. Available online at https://web.archive.org/web/20111107060525/http://www.panasonic.com/industrial/includes/pdf/Panasonic_LiIon_Overview.pdf
Petrick, I. J., & Echols, A. E. (2004). Technology roadmapping in review: A tool for making sustainable new product development decisions. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 71(1–2), 81–100.
Phaal, R., Farrukh, C., Mitchell, R., & Probert, D. (2003). Starting-up roadmapping fast. Research-Technology Management, 46(2), 52–59. https://doi.org/10.1080/08956308.2003.11671555.
Phaal, R., Farrukh, C. J. P., & Probert, D. R. (2004). Technology roadmapping—a planning framework for evolution and revolution. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 71(1–2), 5–26.
Porter, M. E. (2008). On competition. Boston: Harvard Business Press.
Prat-Pfister, G. (2012). Three head dry shaver: Google Patents.
Prescient and Strategic Intelligence. (2015). Global shavers market size, share, development, growth and demand forecast to 2020.
Probert, D., & Radnor, M. (2003). Frontier experiences from industry-academia consortia. Research-Technology Management, 46(2), 27–30.
Procter & gamble. (2015). Annual Report 2015: Procter & Gamble.
Procter & gamble. (2016). Annual Report 2016: Procter & Gamble.
Procter & gamble. (2017). Annual Report 2017: Procter & Gamble.
Radhakrishna, A. V., & Vardarajan, A. (1991). Maximizing innovation in industry and adopting to change. Industrial Management, 33(6), 19–21.
Roadmaps and roadmapping for commercial applications (1998). Proc. Technol. Roadmap Workshop.
Schmitt, P., Nitz, W., Nickel, M. J., & Boudreau, C. R. (2015). Rotary electric shaver: Google Patents.
Sood, A. (2010). Technology S-Curve. In Wiley International Encyclopedia of Marketing.
StoreDot: Business Units. Mobile flash batteries for smartphones. Available online at https://www.store-dot.com/business-units, checked on 3/10/2019.
Technavio. (2017). Global electric shaver market: Key rivers and figures.
Tietjens, E. W. (1979). Dry-shaving apparatus with hair-pulling lead cutters: Google Patents.
Trusco, K. Li-Ion prismatics. Available online at https://web.archive.org/web/20111107060525if_/http://www.panasonic.com/industrial/includes/pdf/Panasonic_LiIon_Overview.pdf, checked on 1/27/2019.
Uchiyama, H., & Okabe, M. (1995). Cutter for electric shaver: Google Patents.
Willyard, C. H., & McClees, C. W. (1987). Motorola’s technology roadmap process. Research Management, 30(5), 13–19.
Winebrake, J. J., & Creswick, B. P. (2003). The future of hydrogen fueling systems for transportation: an application of perspective-based scenario analysis using the analytic hierarchy process. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 70(4), 359–384.
Yasunaka, S., Ganse, K., & Nakano, H. (1989). Dry shaver with a slidable trimmer handle: Google Patents.
Yoon, M. K., Jeon, C. S., & Kauh, S. K. (2002). Efficiency increase of an induction motor by improving cooling performance. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, 17(1), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1109/60.986430.
Zhang, X., Grajal, J., Vazquez-Roy, J. L., Radhakrishna, U., Wang, X., Chern, W., et al. (2019). Two-dimensional MoS 2-enabled flexible rectenna for Wi-Fi-band wireless energy harvesting. Nature, 566(7744), 1.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2021 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Kulshrestha, P., Daim, T.U. (2021). Technology Roadmap: Electric Shavers. In: Daim, T.U. (eds) Roadmapping Future. Applied Innovation and Technology Management. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50502-8_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50502-8_3
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-50501-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-50502-8
eBook Packages: Business and ManagementBusiness and Management (R0)