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The New Model of Development or Conservative Modernisation in the Left-Centrist Arrangements (1995–2015)?

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Brazil - Emerging Forever?

Part of the book series: Societies and Political Orders in Transition ((SOCPOT))

Abstract

The author considers the implementation of the Real Plan that suppressed destructive inflation and was aimed at the integration of the country into the process of globalisation. It is important that the policies of the governments of F.H. Cardoso, L.I. Lula da Silva and D. Rousseff are scrutinised together, with the focus on the continuity rather than the differences between them. Both political tracks combined a neoliberal financial-economic policy with a social-democratic approach to social problems. The main achievements of this policy, the evident reduction of poverty and decrease of income inequality, as well as the diminution of the interregional disparities, are also considered in the chapter. However, reality was much harder than initial expectations for change, the obvious achievements in social policy notwithstanding.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    In 1990 only 31.6 per cent of Brazilians had a bank account (Berthelot 1991: 15).

  2. 2.

    Some authors compare Cardoso-president to Cardoso-sociologist, who was known as a Left-centrist, social-democratic critic of Brazilian reality (de Oliveira 2011: 132; Pastoret 2006). As Theotônio dos Santos, the distinguished theoretician of dependency, said about Cardoso, he was “a man from the left with the language of the right” (Santos dos 1998: 67).

  3. 3.

    ‘…the impact of (the same amount of) growth on poverty reduction is significantly greater when initial income inequality is lower’ (World Bank 2005: 9).

  4. 4.

    Antony W. Pereira noted in his paper about the Bolsa Família: ‘There has been strong continuity across the Cardoso, Lula and Rousseff administrations with regard to anti-poverty programmes’ (Pereira 2015: 1687).

  5. 5.

    The figure from 1995 not taking into account the rural population of the North region states: Acre, Amapá, Amazonas, Pará, Rondônia and Roraima (note of the IBGE).

  6. 6.

    On the data of the IBGE, 75.7 years—according to the data of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP 2018: 23)

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    Victor Krasilshchikov

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Krasilshchikov, V. (2022). The New Model of Development or Conservative Modernisation in the Left-Centrist Arrangements (1995–2015)?. In: Brazil - Emerging Forever? . Societies and Political Orders in Transition. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50208-9_5

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