Skip to main content

Macropsychology: Definition, Scope, and Conceptualization

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Macropsychology

Abstract

This chapter first traces some important components of psychological thought in what are recognized as major political theories. This review is not meant to be at all comprehensive, but rather illustrative of the thread of psychological thought that has spun – sometimes more obviously than at other times – through history. Acknowledging that psychology is culturally encapsulated (MacLachlan, 2006), and that our aim here is to promote a broader view particularly for “Western psychology,” we consider the evolution of psychological thought particularly in “Western” political philosophy, essentially asking “is this not psychology?”. Second, we consider some more modern contributions to the shape or conceptualization of a macro perspective in psychology. Third, we highlight some more current frustrations and initiatives that have pushed forward the need for a macropsychology. Fourth, we describe our conceptualization, and anticipation of, a macropsychology. Finally, in this chapter, we review the varied and vibrant contributions to this volume.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 99.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 129.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 159.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Antonacopoulou, E., & Chiva, R. (2005). Social complex evolving systems: Implications for organizational learning. Paper presented at the OKLC 2005 Conference, Boston. Retrieved from https://warwick.ac.uk/fac/soc/wbs/conf/olkc/archive/oklc6/papers/antonacopoulou__chiva.pdf

  • Argyris, C. (1989). Integrating theory and practice. Academy of Management Review, 14, 96–98.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bailie, R., Matthews, V., Brands, J., & Schierhout, G. (2013). A systems-based partnership learning model for strengthening primary healthcare. Implementation Science, 8, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1186/1748-5908-8-143

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Berry, J. W. (Ed.). (2017). Mutual intercultural relations. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berry, J. W. (2019). Acculturation: A personal journey across cultures. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Bourdieu, P. (1987). What makes a social class? On the theoretical and practical existence of groups. Berkeley Journal of Sociology, 32, 1–17.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bourdieu, P. (1989). Social space and symbolic power. Sociological Theory, 7(1), 14–25. https://doi.org/10.2307/202060

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bowlby, J. (1977). The making and breaking of affectional bonds. 1. Aetiology and psychopathology in the light of attachment theory. An expanded version of the Fiftieth Maudsley Lecture, delivered before the Royal College of Psychiatrists, 19 November 1976. British Journal of Psychiatry, 130, 201–210.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brody, M. (2000). Mary Wollstonecraft: Mother of women’s rights. New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Buss, D. M. (2019). Evolutionary psychology: The new science of the mind (6th ed.). New York: Routledge.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Carpenter, S. (2001). Psychology and policy: A view from the front lines. Psychologist G. Reid Lyon of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development discusses how behavioural and social scientists can play a role in shaping social policy. Monitor on Psychology, 32(7), 32.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carr, S., McAuliffe, E., & MacLachlan, M. (1998). Psychology of aid. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carr, S. C. (2013). Anti-poverty psychology. New York: Springer.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Carr, S. C., & MacLachlan, M. (2014). Humanitarian work psychology. The Psychologist, 27, 160–163.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chambers, R., & Conway, G. R. (1991). Sustainable rural livelihoods: Practical concepts for the 21st century. IDS discussion paper 296. Retrieved from https://www.ids.ac.uk/files/Dp296.pdf.

  • Clarke, D. (2016). Law, regulation and strategizing for health. In G. Schmets, D. Rajan, & S. Kadandale (Eds.), Strategizing national health in the 21st century: A handbook. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/healthsystems/publications/nhpsp-handbook-ch10/en/.

    Google Scholar 

  • Daley, J. (Ed.). (2013). History’s greatest speeches. Mineola, NY: Dover.

    Google Scholar 

  • de Beauvoir, S. (2011). The second sex. New York: Vintage Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • de Savigny, D., & Adam, T. (2009). Systems thinking for health systems strengthening. Alliance for Health Policy and Systems Research, and World Health Organization. Retrieved from https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/44204/9789241563895_eng.pdf;jsessionid=E0FA94FDCDE35DF7A9F587F4BD1F91BF?sequence=1.

  • DeSteno, D. (2014). The truth about trust: How it determines success in life, love, learning, and more. New York: Plume.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eatwell, R., & Goodwin, M. (2018). National populism: The revolt against liberal democracy. London: Pelican.

    Google Scholar 

  • Else-Quest, N. M., & Shibley Hyde, J. (2018). The psychology of women and gender: Half the human experience (9th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Evans, A. C. (2019). Statement of APA CEO on gun violence and mental health. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Retrieved from https://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2019/08/gun-violence-mental-health.

    Google Scholar 

  • Flanagan, F. M. (2011). Confucius, the Analects and Western education. London: Continuum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Foucault, M. (1977). Discipline & punish: The birth of the prison. New York: Random House.

    Google Scholar 

  • Franklin, C. (2004). Mary Wollstonecraft: A literary life. Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Freire, P. (1974). Education for critical consciousness. London: Bloomsbury.

    Google Scholar 

  • Freud, S. (2018). Civilization and its discontents. Ghaziabad, India: Samaira.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Fuchs, S. (2012). Understanding psychological bonds between individuals and organizations: The coalescence model of organizational identification. Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Fukuyama, F. (2006). The end of history and the last man. New York: Free Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • George, G., Howard-Grenville, J., Joshi, A., & Tihanyi, L. (2016). Understanding and tackling societal grand challenges through management research. Academy of Management Journal, 59(6), 1880–1895. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2016.4007

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gilmore, B., MacLachlan, M., McVeigh, J., McClean, C., Carr, S., Duttine, A., et al. (2017). A study of human resource competencies required to implement community rehabilitation in less resourced settings. Human Resources for Health, 15, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12960-017-0240-1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gomez, C. (Ed.). (2019). The encyclopedia of ancient Greece. London: Amber Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gould, S. J. (1981). The mismeasure of man. New York: Norton.

    Google Scholar 

  • Haidt, J. (2008). Morality. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 3(1), 65–72.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Halldenius, L. (2016). Mary Wollstonecraft and feminist Republicanism: Independence, rights, and the experience of unfreedom. Abingdon, UK: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hamilton, E., & Cairns, H. (Eds.). (1961). Plato: The collected dialogues, including the Letters. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harré, R., & Moghaddam, F. (Eds.). (2003). The self and others: Positioning individuals and groups in personal, political, and cultural contexts. Westport, CT: Praeger.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harris, B. (2009). What critical psychologists should know about the history of psychology. In D. Fox, I. Prilleltensky, & S. Austin (Eds.), Critical psychology: An introduction (2nd ed., pp. 20–35). London: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hodgetts, D. (2017). Histories of social psychology. Massey University Working Paper.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hodgetts, D., Stolte, O., King, P., & Groot, S. (2019). Reproducing the general through the local: Lessons from poverty research. In C. Højholt & E. Schraube (Eds.), Subjectivity and knowledge. Generalization in the psychological study of everyday life (pp. 157–176). Cham, Switzerland: Springer.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Hodgson, S. H. (1899). Psychological philosophies. Mind: A Quarterly Review of Psychology and Philosophy, 8(32), 433–438.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Holman, D., Lynch, R., & Reeves, A. (2018). How do health behaviour interventions take account of social context? A literature trend and co-citation analysis. Health, 22(4), 389–410. https://doi.org/10.1177/1363459317695630

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Huss, T., & MacLachlan, M. (2016). Equity and inclusion in policy processes (EquIPP): A framework to support equity and inclusion in the process of policy development, implementation and evaluation. Dublin, Ireland: Global Health Press. Retrieved from https://www.tcd.ie/medicine/global-health/assets/doc/The%20EquIPP%20manual%2013th%20April%202016.pdf.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jackson, J. C., Rand, D., Lewis, K., Norton, M. I., & Gray, K. (2017). Agent-based modeling: A guide for social psychologists. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 8(4), 387–395. https://doi.org/10.1177/1948550617691100

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jaspal, R., Carriere, K. R., & Moghaddam, F. M. (2016). Bridging micro, meso, and macro processes in social psychology. In J. Valsiner, G. Marsico, N. Chaudhary, T. Sato, & V. Dazzani (Eds.), Psychology as the science of human being: The Yokohama Manifesto (Annals of theoretical psychology volume 13) (pp. 265–276). Cham, Switzerland: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-21094-0_15

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Johnstone, L., Boyle, M., Cromby, J., Dillon, J., Harper, D., Kinderman, P., et al. (2018). The power threat meaning framework: Towards the identification of patterns in emotional distress, unusual experiences and troubled or troubling behaviour, as an alternative to functional psychiatric diagnosis. Leicester, UK: British Psychological Society. Retrieved from https://www.bps.org.uk/sites/bps.org.uk/files/Policy%20-%20Files/PTM%20Main.pdf.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jordan, M. (2014). Moving beyond counselling and psychotherapy as it currently is – Taking therapy outside. European Journal of Psychotherapy & Counselling, 16(4), 361–375. https://doi.org/10.1080/13642537.2014.956773

  • Kagan, C., Burton, M., Duckett, P., Lawthom, R., & Siddiquee, A. (2011). Critical community psychology. Chichester, UK: Blackwell.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kamin, L. J. (1974). The science and politics of I.Q. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Katona, G. (1979). Toward a macropsychology. American Psychologist, 34(2), 118–126.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kirkpatrick, K. (2019). Becoming Beauvoir: A life. London: Bloomsbury Academic.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Koestler, A. (1967). The ghost in the machine. London: Hutchinson.

    Google Scholar 

  • Koffka, K. (1935). Principles of gestalt psychology. New York: Harcourt-Brace.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kruks, S. (2012). Simone de Beauvoir and the politics of ambiguity. New York: Oxford University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Kuhlmann, S., & Rip, A. (2018). Next-generation innovation policy and grand challenges. Science and Public Policy, 45(4), 448–454. https://doi.org/10.1093/scipol/scy011

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kunda, Z. (1990). The case for motivated reasoning. Psychological Bulletin, 108(3), 480–498. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.108.3.480

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lewin, K. (1946). Action research and minority problems. Journal of Social Issues, 2(4), 34–46. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4560.1946.tb02295.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • MacLachlan, M. (2006). Culture and health: A critical perspective towards global health (2nd ed.). Chichester, UK: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • MacLachlan, M. (2014). Macropsychology, policy, and global health. American Psychologist, 69(8), 851–863. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0037852

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • MacLachlan, M. (2017a). Maritime psychology: Definition, scope and conceptualization. In M. MacLachlan (Ed.), Maritime psychology: Research in organizational & health behavior at sea (pp. 1–17). Cham, Switzerland: Springer.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • MacLachlan, M. (2017b). Still to POSH to push for structural change? The need for a macropsychology perspective. Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 10(3), 403–407. https://doi.org/10.1017/iop.2017.36

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • MacLachlan, M., & Carr, S. C. (1994). Pathways to a psychology for development: Reconstituting, restating, refuting, and realising. Psychology and Developing Societies, 6(1), 21–28. https://doi.org/10.1177/097133369400600102

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • MacLachlan, M., Carr, S. C., & McAuliffe, E. (2010). The aid triangle: Recognizing the human dynamics of dominance, justice and identity. New York: Zed.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • MacLachlan, M., & McAuliffe, E. (2017). Global health systems: Micro, meso and macro psychology perspectives. In I. Burić (Ed.), Selected proceedings of the 20th psychology days in Zadar conference (pp. 13–22). Zadar, Croatia: Department of Psychology, University of Zadar. Retrieved from https://morepress.unizd.hr/books/press/catalog/book/35.

    Google Scholar 

  • MacLachlan, M., McVeigh, J., Huss, T., & Mannan, H. (2019). Macropsychology: Challenging and changing social structures and systems to promote social inclusion. In K. C. O’Doherty & D. Hodgetts (Eds.), The Sage handbook of applied social psychology (pp. 166–182). London: Sage.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • MacLachlan, M., & Scherer, M. J. (2018). Systems thinking for assistive technology: A commentary on the GREAT summit. Disability and Rehabilitation: Assistive Technology, 13(5), 492–496. https://doi.org/10.1080/17483107.2018.1472306

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • MacLachlan, M., & Swartz, L. (Eds.). (2009). Disability & international development: Towards inclusive global health. New York: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marková, I., & Gillespie, A. (Eds.). (2008). Trust & distrust: Sociocultural perspectives. Charlotte, NC: Information Age.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marsella, A. J. (1998). Toward a “global-community psychology”: Meeting the needs of a changing world. American Psychologist, 53(12), 1282–1291.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Martín-Baró, I. (1994). Writings for a liberation psychology. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • McLean, K. C., & Syed, M. (Eds.). (2015). The Oxford handbook of identity development. New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mussett, S. M. (2019). Simone de Beauvoir. In G. Stanghellini, M. R. Broome, A. V. Fernandez, P. Fusar-Poli, A. Raballo, & R. Rosfort (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of phenomenological psychopathology (pp. 51–56). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • National Institutes of Health. (2006). Facilitating interdisciplinary research via methodological and technological innovation in the behavioral and social sciences (R21). Bethesda, MD: National Institutes of Health. Retrieved from http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/rfa-files/RFA-RM-07-004.htm.

    Google Scholar 

  • Odum, H. T. (1971). Environment, power, and society. New York: Wiley-Interscience.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pinker, S. (2011). The better angels of our nature: A history of violence and humanity. London: Penguin UK.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pollitt, J. J. (1972). Art and experience in classical Greece. New York: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ratner, C. (2012). Macro cultural psychology: A political philosophy of mind. New York: Cambridge University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Redlawsk, D. P. (2002). Hot cognition or cool consideration? Testing the effects of motivated reasoning on political decision making. Journal of Politics, 64(4), 1021–1044. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2508.00161

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Renner, S., Bok, L., Igloi, N., & Linou, N. (2018). What does it mean to leave no one behind? A UNDP discussion paper and framework for implementation. New York: United Nations Development Programme. Retrieved from https://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/librarypage/poverty-reduction/what-does-it-mean-to-leave-no-one-behind-html.

    Google Scholar 

  • Richards, G. (1996). Putting psychology in its place: An introduction from a critical historical perspective. Abingdon, UK: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Richards, G. (1997). ‘Race’, racism and psychology: Towards a reflexive history. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sidanius, J., & Pratto, F. (1999). Social dominance: An intergroup theory of social hierarchy and oppression. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Simons, M. A. (1986). Beauvoir and Sartre: The philosophical relationship. Yale French Studies, 72, 165–179.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sinha, D. (1985). A plea for macro-psychology. In R. Diaz-Guerrero (Ed.), Cross-cultural and national studies in social psychology (pp. 277–283). Amsterdam, the Netherlands: North-Holland.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smail, D. (2018). Taking care: An alternative to therapy. Abingdon, UK: Routledge.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Tajfel, H. (1981). Human groups & social categories: Studies in social psychology. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tajfel, H. (Ed.). (1982). Social identity and intergroup relations. New York: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Taylor, B. (2003). Mary Wollstonecraft and the feminist imagination. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Todd, J. M. (2013). Mary Wollstonecraft: An annotated bibliography. Abingdon, UK: Routledge.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Townsend, T. G., & Belgrave, F. Z. (2009). Eliminating health disparities: Challenges for African American psychologists. Journal of Black Psychology, 35(2), 146–153. https://doi.org/10.1177/0095798409333605

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • United Nations. (2018). World urbanization prospects: The 2018 revision (key facts). New York: United Nations. Retrieved from https://population.un.org/wup/Publications/Files/WUP2018-KeyFacts.pdf.

    Google Scholar 

  • United Nations. (2019). The sustainable development goals report 2019. New York: United Nations. Retrieved from https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/report/2019/.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • van Wormer, K., & Besthorn, F. H. (2017). Human behavior and the social environment: Groups, communities, and organizations (3rd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wells, J. C., Sawaya, A. L., Wibaek, R., Mwangome, M., Poullas, M. S., Yajnik, C. S., et al. (2019). The double burden of malnutrition: Aetiological pathways and consequences for health. Lancet, 395(10217), 75–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(19)32472-9

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wessells, M. G., & Dawes, A. (2007). Macro-level interventions: Psychology, social policy, and societal influence processes. In M. J. Stevens & U. P. Gielen (Eds.), Toward a global psychology: Theory, research, intervention, and pedagogy (pp. 267–298). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wiener, R. L., & Willborn, S. L. (Eds.). (2011). Disability and aging discrimination: Perspectives in law and psychology. New York: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilkinson, R., & Pickett, K. (2018). The inner level: How more equal societies reduce stress, restore sanity and improve everyone’s wellbeing. London: Allen Lane.

    Google Scholar 

  • Williams, D. R., & Williams-Morris, R. (2000). Racism and mental health: The African American experience. Ethnicity & Health, 5(3–4), 243–268. https://doi.org/10.1080/713667453

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Williams, J., & Watson, G. (1988). Sexual inequality, family life and family therapy. In E. Street & W. Dryden (Eds.), Family therapy in Britain. Milton Keynes, UK: Open University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wollstonecraft, M. (1793). A vindication of the rights of woman: With structures on political and moral subjects. Dublin, Ireland: James Moore.

    Google Scholar 

  • World Health Organization (WHO), & World Bank. (2011). World report on disability. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/disabilities/world_report/2011/en/.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zack, N. (2010). The handy philosophy answer book. Canton, MI: Visible Ink Press.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Malcolm MacLachlan .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2021 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

MacLachlan, M., McVeigh, J. (2021). Macropsychology: Definition, Scope, and Conceptualization. In: MacLachlan, M., McVeigh, J. (eds) Macropsychology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50176-1_1

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics