Abstract
Cities adapt to unexpected events and changes in culture, climate, and migration. More than half of the world’s population lives in urban areas, with the percentage of individuals in urban areas predicted to grow in the future. These growing cities face ongoing threats. Historical, social, and economic inequalities make thriving during threats challenging. Natural disasters and economic pressures test cities’ resources and resolve. Impacts of these threats can span generations. This chapter discusses the Rockefeller Foundation’s 100 Resilient Cities Program focusing on Tulsa, Oklahoma as a case study. An exploration of community resilience in the context of cities is provided followed by an overview of the Resilient Cities Network. The Tulsa Resilient Strategy is analyzed and implications for policy and application of a resilient approach is explored. Finally, future directions for research on city resilience is highlighted.
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Acknowledgement
A sincere thanks to the Tulsa Mayor’s Office of Resilience and Equity (MORE) for their support in the development of this chapter. Their work in creating a Resilient Tulsa is the inspiration and the case-study for this chapter. Krystal Reyes, the Chief Resilience Officer for the City of Tulsa, has been excellent to engage with through writing this chapter. Her openness to share how the Resilient Strategy is implemented gave insight and data into the hands-on-work that the Resilient Cities program has accomplished.
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Appendices
Questions for Thought and Discussion
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1.
What methods not discussed in this chapter could be used to study a resilient city?
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2.
If you were designing a new city to respond to future risks, what would you be sure to include?
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What are the challenges of applying a resilience framework to a global network of cities?
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How is community resilience theoretically different than a resilient city?
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What other areas of focus do you think the Resilient Tulsa Strategy should include?
Glossary of Terms
- Capital:
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Objective or subjective concepts that can be exchanged in the physical or personal world
- Economic Capital:
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Financial resources or other goods that hold monetary value such as cash and property
- Human Capital:
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Knowledge, skills, and other attributes that help individuals improve and produce societal value
- Political Capital:
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Resources that provide power to individuals through relationships and influence
- Social Capital:
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Networks of individuals with social obligations and norms
- Chief Resilience Officer:
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A professional individual in a city government that is responsible for implementing the resilience strategy in the community
- Community Resilience:
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Community ability to respond to change, define their vulnerabilities to develop capacities for preventing, withstanding, and mitigating traumatic events.
- Historical Trauma:
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Traumatic events of the past that continue to shape individuals in a community
- Participatory Action:
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Engaging groups of individuals in processes that promote action such as dialogues, focus groups, and town halls
- Protective Factors:
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Conditions or attributes which help alleviate or navigate negative or stressful events and experiences.
- Resilience:
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The ability for an individual, object, or organization to bounce back after a negative experience
- Resilience Strategy:
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A comprehensive outline of how an organization (city) can adopt resilient practices throughout all areas of the organization
- Risk Factors:
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Conditions or attributes which inhibit the ability to navigate negative or stressful events and experiences successfully
- Urban Resilience:
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The capacity of individuals, communities, organizations, businesses and systems to survive, adapt and thrive in the face of chronic stresses or acute shocks
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Grayshaw, P.D. (2021). Resilient Cities: A Case Study of Tulsa, Oklahoma. In: Stout, M., Harrist, A.W. (eds) Building Community and Family Resilience. Emerging Issues in Family and Individual Resilience. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49799-6_4
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