Skip to main content

Asset Sales in the Theory of Finance

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Asset Sales

Part of the book series: SpringerBriefs in Finance ((BRIEFSFINANCE))

  • 299 Accesses

Abstract

Theoretical models of asset sales view those transactions either as a means to improve firm asset efficiency or as a means to raise capital. Divestiture decision models assume that divestiture is motivated by an attempt to restructure firms’ asset mix and business combinations, with most of the literature in this area focusing on exogenous factors such as macroeconomic and business cycle volatility, industry shocks driven by technology transformation, and regulatory changes. Asset-sale theory, paralleling the theory of corporate mergers and acquisitions, has directed its attention to predict “why” sales take place, “when” they will occur, and “who will sell what to whom.” In this chapter, we provide an overview of the theoretical frameworks for studying asset sales that have emerged from the research in this area.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    Moreover, even when industry buyers have financial slack, or can raise funds to buy competitors’ assets, there could be antitrust and other government regulations that prevent them from purchasing the liquidated assets of competitors.

References

  • Akerlof G (1970) The market for lemons: quality, uncertainty and the market mechanism. Q J Econ 84(3):488–500

    Google Scholar 

  • Arnold M, Hackbarth D, Xenia Puhan T (2018) Financing asset sales and business cycles. Rev Financ 22(1):243–277

    Google Scholar 

  • Bolton P, Chen H, Wang N (2011) A unified theory of Tobin’s q, corporate investment, financing, and risk management. J Financ 66(5):1545–1578

    Google Scholar 

  • Boot AW (1992) Why hang on to losers? Divestitures and takeovers. J Financ 47(4):1401–1423

    Google Scholar 

  • Boyd JH, Prescott EC (1986) Financial intermediary-coalitions. J Econ Theory 38(2):211–232

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown DT, James CM, Mooradian RM (1994) Asset sales by financially distressed firms. J Corp Finan 1(2):233–257

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown DT, Ciochetti BA, Riddiough TJ (2006) Theory and evidence on the resolution of financial distress. Rev Financ Stud 19(4):1357–1397

    Google Scholar 

  • Caballero RJ, Simsek A (2013) Fire sales in a model of complexity. J Financ 68(6):2549–2587

    Google Scholar 

  • Carlstrom CT, Samolyk KA (1995) Loan sales as a response to market-based capital constraints. J Bank Financ 19(3–4):627–646

    Google Scholar 

  • Coase RH (1937) The nature of the firm. Economica 4(16):386–405

    Google Scholar 

  • Diamond DW (1984) Financial intermediation and delegated monitoring. Rev Econ Stud 51(3):393–414

    Google Scholar 

  • Diamond DW, Rajan RG (2011) Fear of fire sales, illiquidity seeking, and credit freezes. Q J Econ 126(2):557–591

    Google Scholar 

  • Dow J, Han J (2018) The paradox of financial fire sales: the role of arbitrage capital in determining liquidity. J Financ 73(1):229–274

    Google Scholar 

  • Edmans A, Mann W (2019) Financing through asset sales. Manag Sci 65(7):3043–3060

    Google Scholar 

  • Eisfeldt AL, Rampini AA (2006) Capital reallocation and liquidity. J Monet Econ 53(3):369–399

    Google Scholar 

  • Eisfeldt AL, Rampini AA (2008) Managerial incentives, capital reallocation, and the business cycle. J Financ Econ 87(1):177–199

    Google Scholar 

  • Fluck Z, Lynch AW (1999) Why do firms merge and then divest? A theory of financial synergy. J Bus 72(3):319–346

    Google Scholar 

  • Gorton GB, Pennacchi GG (1995) Banks and loan sales marketing nonmarketable assets. J Monet Econ 35(3):389–411

    Google Scholar 

  • Greenbaum SI, Thakor AV (1987) Bank funding modes: securitization versus deposits. J Bank Financ 11(3):379–401

    Google Scholar 

  • Greenwood R, Landier A, Thesmar D (2015) Vulnerable banks. J Financ Econ 115(3):471–485

    Google Scholar 

  • Grossman SJ, Hart OD (1986) The costs and benefits of ownership: a theory of vertical and lateral integration. J Polit Econ 94(4):691–719

    Google Scholar 

  • Hart O, Moore J (1990) Property rights and the nature of the firm. J Polit Econ 98(6):1119–1158

    Google Scholar 

  • He Z (2009) The sale of multiple assets with private information. Rev Financ Stud 22(11):4787–4820

    Google Scholar 

  • Hege U, Lovo S, Slovin MB, Sushka ME (2009) Equity and cash in intercorporate asset sales: theory and evidence. Rev Financ Stud 22(2):681–714

    Google Scholar 

  • Hite GL, Owers JE, Rogers RC (1987) The market for interfirm asset sales: partial sell-offs and total liquidations. J Financ Econ 18(2):229–252

    Google Scholar 

  • James C (1987) Some evidence on the uniqueness of bank loans. J Financ Econ 19(2):217–235

    Google Scholar 

  • Klein B, Crawford RG, Alchian AA (1978) Vertical integration, appropriable rents, and the competitive contracting process. J Law Econ 21(2):297–326

    Google Scholar 

  • Lang L, Poulsen A, Stulz R (1995) Asset sales, firm performance, and the agency costs of managerial discretion. J Financ Econ 37(1):3–37

    Google Scholar 

  • Leland HE, Pyle DH (1977) Informational asymmetries, financial structure, and financial intermediation. J Financ 32(2):371–387

    Google Scholar 

  • Li DD, Li S (1996) A theory of corporate scope and financial structure. J Financ 51(2):691–709

    Google Scholar 

  • Maksimovic V, Phillips G (2002) Do conglomerate firms allocate resources inefficiently across industries? Theory and evidence. J Financ 57(2):721–767

    Google Scholar 

  • Matsusaka JG, Nanda V (2002) Internal capital markets and corporate refocusing. J Financ Intermed 11(2):176–211

    Google Scholar 

  • Meyer M, Milgrom P, Roberts J (1992) Organizational prospects, influence costs, and ownership changes. J Econ Manag Strateg 1(1):9–35

    Google Scholar 

  • Myers SC (1977) Determinants of corporate borrowing. J Financ Econ 5(2):147–175

    Google Scholar 

  • Myers SC, Majluf NS (1984) Corporate financing and investment decisions when firms have information that investors do not have. J Financ Econ 13(2):187–221

    Google Scholar 

  • Nanda V, Narayanan M (1999) Disentangling value: financing needs, firm scope, and divestitures. J Financ Intermed 8(3):174–204

    Google Scholar 

  • Parlour CA, Plantin G (2008) Loan sales and relationship banking. J Financ 63(3):1291–1314

    Google Scholar 

  • Parlour CA, Winton A (2013) Laying off credit risk: loan sales versus credit default swaps. J Financ Econ 107(1):25–45

    Google Scholar 

  • Pennacchi GG (1988) Loan sales and the cost of bank capital. J Financ 43(2):375–396

    Google Scholar 

  • Rajan RG (1992) Insiders and outsiders: the choice between informed and arm’s-length debt. J Financ 47(4):1367–1400

    Google Scholar 

  • Salgado P, Carrasco V, De Mello JMP (2017) Product market competition and the severity of distressed asset sales. Rev Financ 21(5):2007–2043

    Google Scholar 

  • Servaes H (1991) Tobin’s Q and the gains from takeovers. J Financ 46(1):409–419

    Google Scholar 

  • Shleifer A, Vishny RW (1992) Liquidation values and debt capacity: a market equilibrium approach. J Financ 47(4):1343–1366

    Google Scholar 

  • Shleifer A, Vishny RW (2010a) Asset fire sales and credit easing. Am Econ Rev 100(2):46–50

    Google Scholar 

  • Shleifer A, Vishny RW (2010b) Unstable banking. J Financ Econ 97(3):306–318

    Google Scholar 

  • Shleifer A, Vishny R (2011) Fire sales in finance and macroeconomics. J Econ Perspect 25(1):29–48

    Google Scholar 

  • Slovin MB, Sushka ME, Polonchek JA (2005) Methods of payment in asset sales: contracting with equity versus cash. J Financ 60(5):2385–2407

    Google Scholar 

  • Tirole J (2006) The theory of corporate finance. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ

    Google Scholar 

  • Travlos N (1987) Corporate takeover bids, methods of payment, and bidding firms’ stock returns. J Financ 42:943–963

    Google Scholar 

  • Warusawitharana M (2008) Corporate asset purchases and sales: theory and evidence. J Financ Econ 87(2):471–497

    Google Scholar 

  • Williamson OE (1975) Markets and hierarchies: antitrust analysis and implications. Free Press, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Yang L (2008) The real determinants of asset sales. J Financ 63(5):2231–2262

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Curi, C., Murgia, M. (2020). Asset Sales in the Theory of Finance. In: Asset Sales. SpringerBriefs in Finance. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49573-2_3

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics