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Childhood Trauma and Substance Dependence

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Childhood Trauma in Mental Disorders

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Abstract

Exposure to childhood maltreatment and trauma has a strong relationship with onset and development of substance use disorders. The purpose of this chapter is to review important models and mechanisms that explain pathways from childhood trauma to substance misuse and dependence. This chapter integrates findings from several cross-sectional and longitudinal studies conducted in this area with a focus on three main categories of explanatory mechanisms and models: (1) neurocognitive mechanisms; (2) negative reinforcement and self-medication mechanisms; and (3) psychosocial development mechanisms. Each section describes the dominant models and explanatory mediators that link childhood trauma to substance use disorders. In the final section, the clinical implications and directions for future studies are presented.

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Acknowledgement

The author of this chapter is supported through a postdoctoral fellowship by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR).

Declarations of competing interest: The author declares no potential conflicts of interest as regards the authorship and/or publication of this chapter.

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  1. CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada

    Hanie Edalati

  2. Centre for Research on Children and Families, School of Social Work, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada

    Hanie Edalati

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  1. Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy

    Gianfranco Spalletta

  2. Department of Psychiatry and Neurology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy

    Delfina Janiri

  3. Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy

    Federica Piras

  4. Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy

    Gabriele Sani

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Edalati, H. (2020). Childhood Trauma and Substance Dependence. In: Spalletta, G., Janiri, D., Piras, F., Sani, G. (eds) Childhood Trauma in Mental Disorders. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49414-8_13

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