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Bergman’s and Scheele’s Education

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Carl Wilhelm Scheele and Torbern Bergman

Part of the book series: Perspectives on the History of Chemistry ((PHC))

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Abstract

The educations of the two chemists Bergman and Scheele were very different: while Bergman had a formal university education, Scheele was accepted as an apprentice in a pharmacy.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Elementa by Greek mathematician Euclid (around 300 BC). Possibly he used Mårten Strömer’s Swedish translation from 1744: Euclidis Elementa eller grundeliga inledning til geometrien.

  2. 2.

    Introductiones ad veram Physicam et veram Astronomiam, the posthumous collected works of Scottish mathematician John Keill (1671–1721), published in 1725.

  3. 3.

    Vernünftige Gedanken von den Kräften des menschlichen Verstandes (1712) by German philosopher and mathematician Christian von Wolff (1679–1754). Possibly in a Latin translation.

  4. 4.

    Systema metaphysicum (3 vols. 1750–1752) by Swedish philosopher Nils Wallerius (1706–1764), professor in Uppsala.

  5. 5.

    Anders Celsius (1701–1744); Swedish astronomer, well known for the temperature scale he invented.

  6. 6.

    The original manuscript has not survived.

  7. 7.

    The voting that Schufle referred to was actually the voting of who would be the primus.

  8. 8.

    When a drop of eugenol, the main constituent of oil of clove, is mixed with a drop of fuming nitric acid, it ignites with a bright flash. Scheele’s experiment was probably carried out on a much larger scale.

  9. 9.

    Most likely a mixture of potassium nitrate, sulphur and sodium or potassium carbonate. On heating, the carbonate yields a polysulphide with the sulphur, which in turn is ignited by potassium nitrate.

References

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  1. Gothenburg, Sweden

    Anders Lennartson

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Lennartson, A. (2020). Bergman’s and Scheele’s Education. In: Carl Wilhelm Scheele and Torbern Bergman. Perspectives on the History of Chemistry. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49194-9_4

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