Abstract
Structures, normative systems, and institutions are things with sufficient fixity over time and sufficient firmness to permit them to be regarded as social entities. This chapter considers the ontological status of higher-level social entities. Institutions and normative systems are social configurations that have enduring properties that are largely independent of the individuals whom they encompass. They affect the behavior of individuals within them, and they affect the outcomes that individuals achieve through their efforts. Further, they are causally influential in large processes of social change and social stability. Institutions work through the creation of roles, incentives, motivations, and cultural frameworks to coordinate the behavior of participants within their scope. We might define a norm as a socially embodied and individually perceived imperative that such-and-so an action in a given context must be performed in such-and-so a fashion. The chapter considers some of the aggregative processes that serve as microfoundations for entities like institutions, cultures, and normative systems.
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Little, D. (2020). Institutions, Norms, and Networks. In: A New Social Ontology of Government. Foundations of Government and Public Administration. Palgrave Pivot, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48923-6_5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48923-6_5
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