Abstract
This article provides general and current information concerning 14 diverse countries regarding bilingual legal education in their respective universities.
The difference of cultures, customs and dialects is very clear and reflects some difficulties in the evolution of this kind of education in the recent past years.
This General Report will be also published, together with the National Reports from each jurisdiction, by Springer Nature Switzerland in a thematic volume.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
Strong (2014), p. 356.
- 2.
Id, pp. 358–359.
- 3.
See the interesting presentation offered by the Canada Law Schools resources, available online at http://www.canadalawschools.ca/atlantic-canada/new-brunswick-universities/13-university-of-moncton-faculty-of-law.
- 4.
Generally, see: Samuel (2003).
- 5.
This is not to be understood as meaning that the notion of Legal Positivism itself is non-contentious. Many myths exist about what Legal Positivism is or is not, as a variety of authors have suggested such as Norberto Bobbio, John Gardner. For the finality of this short note, we are concentrating on myths conveyed by LP itself and not the myths about LP.
- 6.
For Samuels, the success of Legal positivism is in part due to two fundamental assumptions: “The first is that legal knowledge consists of legal rules; the second is that these legal rules are identifiable in terms of their particular sources and independent of all other social norms arising from other, non-legal sources”. Samuel (2003).
- 7.
See: Huhn (2002), p. 813.
- 8.
As a seminal source, see: Teubner (1989), pp. 727–757.
- 9.
Samuel (2004), p. 74.
- 10.
L’expression est de Berthelot (2008), p. 124.
- 11.
Samuel (2004), p. 19.
- 12.
Thomas (1973), pp. 103–125. Voir plus généralement, Teubner, “Pour une épistémologie constructiviste du droit”.
- 13.
- 14.
Samuel (2003), p. 2.
- 15.
Ce mot n’étant pas utilisé dans son sens péjoratif. Comme le souligne Dubouchet, certains problèmes simples ne requièrent que l’application du syllogisme juridique et pourraient être entièrement régis par une intelligence non nécessairement réflexive : (1) une raison formelle. Là où les problèmes deviennent plus complexes, là où les faits présentent une moins grande isomorphie avec le droit statutaire et jurisprudentiel applicable, rend nécessaire l’application de la (2) raison dialectique. Pour Dubouchet, s’appuyant sur les travaux de Carl Schmitt, certaines situations factuelles peuvent émerger qui ne soient tout simplement pas régies ou visées par le droit applicable et exigent alors l’expression de l’autorité confiée au juge, qui usera alors de raison réthorique. As cite in Nicholas Léger-Riopel, “Transsystemic and Multilingual Contexts of Legal education: le Cas de L’Acadie”, p. 4.
- 16.
Gail Hammer, “Transparent: when legal fictions and judicial imagination make facts disappear, they enforce transphobic discrimination”. As cite in Nicholas Léger-Riopel, “Transsystemic and Multilingual Contexts of Legal education: le Cas de L’Acadie”, p. 5, note 13.
- 17.
Ch. Atias, précité, note 1, à la p. 21.
- 18.
“Competent judges should be able to prioritize facts over legal fictions. Judges should not be so distracted by difference that they fail to recognize facts. “The politics of control and domination are interrupted when we embrace our own fears and anxieties to transcend them.” Competent judges should be able to notice, recognize, acknowledge, evaluate, and then set aside their own discomfort and emotional reactions. Those reactions are a source of information, but just one of the sources of information available to judges. They are not the guiding principles. Even if courts do not love transgender people, they are tasked with working justice and, at a minimum, tolerating difference. In courts’ decisions, love, or the lack of it, should not determine whether the result is justice.” Gail Hammer, “Transparent: when legal fictions and judicial imagination make facts disappear, they enforce transphobic discrimination”, précité, note 12, à la p. 161 et suiv. As cite in Nicholas Léger-Riopel, “Transsystemic and Multilingual Contexts of Legal education: le Cas de L’Acadie”, p. 5, note 14.
References
Astolfi J-P, Develay M (1996) La didactique des sciences, 4e édition. PUF, Paris, p 25
Berthelot J-M (2008) La construction de la sociologie, 6e édition. PUF, Paris, p 124
Hanson NR (1958) Patterns of discovery: an inquiry into the conceptual foundations of science. Cambridge University Press
Huhn WR (2002) Use and limits of syllogistic reasoning in briefing cases. Santa Clara Law Rev 42:813
Samuel G (2003) Epistemology and method in law. Ashgate
Samuel G (2004) Epistemology and comparative law. In: Van Hoecke M (Dir) Epistemology and methodology of comparative law. Hart, Bruxelles, p 74
Strong SI (2014) Review essay – bilingual education in the United States. J Leg Educ 64:356
Teubner G (1989) How the law thinks: toward a constructivist epistemology of law. Law Soc Rev 23(5):727–757. https://doi.org/10.2307/3053760
Thomas Y (1973) La langue du droit romain. Archives de Philosophie du Droit, pp:103–125
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2021 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Etcheverry Estrázulas, N., Cairo, S. (2021). Bilingual Study and Research: The Need and Challenges. In: Boele-Woelki, K., Fernández Arroyo, D.P., Senegacnik, A. (eds) General Reports of the XXth General Congress of the International Academy of Comparative Law - Rapports généraux du XXème Congrès général de l'Académie internationale de droit comparé. Ius Comparatum - Global Studies in Comparative Law(), vol 50. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48675-4_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48675-4_4
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-48674-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-48675-4
eBook Packages: Law and CriminologyLaw and Criminology (R0)