Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Sensory Pathways and Neural Modulation of Cough

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Cough: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Treatment

  • 801 Accesses

Abstract

Cough is induced by mechanical and chemical (irritant) stimuli. The signal is carried out by the vagus nerve A-δ fibers from mechanosensitive cough receptors and/or from nonspecific C-fiber endings in the airways. Cough mechanosensors respond to punctate stimuli and rapid decrease of pH (acidic environment) in the airways providing crucial airway cleaning mechanism. Nonspecific chemosensors provide protection against irritant chemicals reaching lower respiratory tract. These are mostly responsible for upregulated cough response under pathological conditions. Besides primary cough afferent pathways numbers of other (secondary) afferents modulate cough including pulmonary stretch receptors, non-cough-related C-fibers of various origin, baroreceptors, etc. Moreover, several chemicals, neuromediators, and neuromodulators act on cough and other sensors to regulate and affect cough excitability and its motor pattern. Other motor behaviors including breathing, swallowing, sneezing, etc. interact with cough when they compete for the execution. The control neuronal mechanisms ensure under regular conditions that various behaviors order and execute appropriately. Interaction and cooperation of these motor acts may increase or reduce cough.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Canning BJ, Mazzone SB, Meeker SN, Mori N, Reynolds SM, Undem BJ. Identification of the tracheal and laryngeal afferent neurones mediating cough in anaesthetized guinea-pigs. J Physiol. 2004;557(Part 2):543–58.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  2. Canning BJ, Mori N, Mazzone SB. Vagal afferent nerves regulating the cough reflex. Respir Physiol Neurobiol. 2006a;152(3):223–42.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Tatar M, Webber SE, Widdicombe JG. Lung C-fibre receptor activation and defensive reflexes in anaesthetized cats. J Physiol. 1988;402:411–20.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  4. Widdicombe JG. Respiratory reflexes from the trachea and bronchi of the cat. J Physiol. 1954;123(1):55–70.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  5. Mazzone SB, Undem BJ. Vagal afferent innervation of the airways in health and disease. Physiol Rev. 2016;96:975–1024.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  6. Muroi Y, Ru F, Chou YL, Carr MJ, Undem BJ, Canning BJ. Selective inhibition of vagal afferent nerve pathways regulating cough using Nav 1.7 shRNA silencing in guinea pig nodose ganglia. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2013;304(11):R1017–23.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  7. Undem BJ, Chuaychoo B, Lee MG, Weinreich D, Myers AC, Kollarik M. Subtypes of vagal afferent C-fibres in guinea-pig lungs. J Physiol. 2004;556(Part 3):905–17.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  8. Kollarik M, Undem BJ. Mechanisms of acid-induced activation of airway afferent nerve fibres in guinea-pig. J Physiol. 2002;543(Part 2):591–600.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  9. Kollarik M, Ru F, Undem BJ. Acid-sensitive vagal sensory pathways and cough. Pulm Pharmacol Ther. 2007;20(4):402–11.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Mazzone SB. An overview of the sensory receptors regulating cough. Cough. 2005;1:2.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  11. Brozmanova M, Mazurova L, Ru F, Tatar M, Kollarik M. Comparison of TRPA1-versus TRPV1-mediated cough in guinea pigs. Eur J Pharmacol. 2012;689(1–3):211–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  12. Myers AC, Kajekar R, Undem BJ. Allergic inflammation-induced neuropeptide production in rapidly adapting afferent nerves in guinea pig airways. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2002;282(4):L775–81.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Riccio MM, Kummer W, Biglari B, Myers AC, Undem BJ. Interganglionic segregation of distinct vagal afferent fibre phenotypes in guinea-pig airways. J Physiol. 1996;496(Part 2):521–30.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Birrell MA, Belvisi MG, Grace M, Sadofsky L, Faruqi S, Hele DJ, Maher SA, Freund-Michel V, Morice AH. TRPA1 agonists evoke coughing in guinea pig and human volunteers. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2009;180(11):1042–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  15. Chausow AM, Banner AS. Comparison of the tussive effects of histamine and methacholine in humans. J Appl Physiol. 1983;55(2):541–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Choudry NB, Fuller RW, Pride NB. Sensitivity of the human cough reflex: effect of inflammatory mediators prostaglandin E2, bradykinin, and histamine. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1989;140(1):137–41.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Coleridge JC, Coleridge HM. Afferent vagal C fibre innervation of the lungs and airways and its functional significance. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol. 1984;99:1–110.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Fontana GA, Lavorini F, Pistolesi M. Water aerosols and cough. Pulm Pharmacol Ther. 2002;15:205–11.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Grace M, Birrell MA, Dubuis E, Maher SA, Belvisi MG. Transient receptor potential channels mediate the tussive response to prostaglandin E2 and bradykinin. Thorax. 2012;67(10):891–900.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Hansson L, Choudry NB, Karlsson JA, Fuller RW. Inhaled nicotine in humans: effect on the respiratory and cardiovascular systems. J Appl Physiol. 1994;76(6):2420–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Karlsson JA, Sant’Ambrogio G, Widdicombe J. Afferent neural pathways in cough and reflex bronchoconstriction. J Appl Physiol. 1988;65(3):1007–23.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Lee LY, Pisarri TE. Afferent properties and reflex functions of bronchopulmonary C-fi bers. Respir Physiol. 2001;125(1–2):47–65.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Nishino T, Tagaito Y, Isono S. Cough and other reflexes on irritation of airway mucosa in man. Pulm Pharmacol. 1996;9:285–92.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Sant’Ambrogio G. Afferent pathways for the cough reflex. Bull Eur Physiopathol Respir. 1987;23(Suppl 10):19s–23s.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Bolser DC, Poliacek I, Jakus J, Fuller DD, Davenport PW. Neurogenesis of cough, other airway defensive behaviors and breathing. A holarchical system? Respir Physiol Neurobiol. 2006;152:255–65.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  26. Mutolo D, Bongianni F, Fontana GA, Pantaleo T. The role of excitatory amino acids and substance P in the mediation of the cough reflex within the nucleus tractus solitarii of the rabbit. Brain Res Bull. 2007;74(4):284–93.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Poliacek I, Pitts T, Rose MJ, Davenport PW, Simera M, Veternik M, Kotmanova Z, Bolser DC. Microinjection of kynurenic acid in the rostral nucleus of the tractus solitarius disrupts spatiotemporal aspects of mechanically induced tracheobronchial cough. J Neurophysiol. 2017;117(6):2179–87.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  28. Kollarik M, Undem BJ. Sensory transduction in cough-associated nerves. Respir Physiol Neurobiol. 2006;152(3):243–54.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Wang YF, Yu J. Structural survey of airway sensory receptors in the rabbit using confocal microscopy. Acta Physiol Sinica. 2004;56:119–29.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Yu J. Airway mechanosensors. Respir Physiol Neurobiol. 2005;148(3):217–43.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Korpas J, Tomori Z. Cough and the other respiratory reflexes. Basel: Karger; 1979. 368 p.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Canning BJ, Chang AB, Bolser DC, Smith JA, Mazzone SB, McGarvey L. Anatomy and neurophysiology of cough: CHEST guideline and expert panel report. Chest. 2014;146(6):1633–48.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Mazzone SB, Reynolds SM, Mori N, Kollarik M, Farmer DG, Myers AC, Canning BJ. Selective expression of a sodium pump isozyme by cough receptors and evidence for its essential role in regulating cough. J Neurosci. 2009;29(43):13662–71.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  34. Baluk P, Nadel JA, McDonald DM. Substance P-immunoreactive sensory axons in the rat respiratory tract: a quantitative study of their distribution and role in neurogenic inflammation. J Comp Neurol. 1992;319(4):586–98.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Hunter DD, Undem BJ. Identifi cation and substance P content of vagal aff erent neurons innervating the epithelium of the guinea pig trachea. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1999;159(6):1943–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Canning BJ, Mori N. Encoding of the cough reflex in anesthetized guinea pigs. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2011;300(2):R369–77.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Mazzone SB, Mori N, Canning BJ. Synergistic interactions between airway afferent nerve subtypes regulating the cough reflex in guinea-pigs. J Physiol. 2005;569(2):559–73.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  38. Brooks SM. Perspective on the human cough reflex. Cough. 2011;7:10.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  39. El-Hashim AZ, Amine SA. The role of substance P and bradykinin in the cough reflex and bronchoconstriction in guinea pigs. Eur J Pharmacol. 2005;513(1–2):125–33.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Mazzone SB, Undem BJ. Cough sensors. V. Pharmacological modulation of cough sensors. Handb Exp Pharmacol. 2009;187:99–127.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Bonvini SJ, Birrell MA, Grace MS, Maher SA, Adcock JJ, Wortley MA, Dubuis E, Ching YM, Ford AP, Shala F, Miralpeix M, Tarrason G, Smith JA, Belvisi MG. Transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 4 and airway sensory afferent activation: role of adenosine triphosphate. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2016;138(1):249–261.e12.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  42. Bonvini SJ, Belvisi MG. Cough and airway disease: the role of ion channels. Pulm Pharmacol Ther. 2017;47:21–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Grace MS, Bonvini SJ, Belvisi MG, McIntyre P. Modulation of the TRPV4 ion channel as a therapeutic target for disease. Pharmacol Ther. 2017;177:9–22.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Baker CVH. The embryology of vagal sensory neurons. In: Undem BJ, Weinreich D, editors. Advances in vagal afferent neurobiology. Boca Raton, FL: Taylor and Francis; 2005.

    Google Scholar 

  45. Nassenstein C, Taylor-Clark TE, Myers AC, Ru F, Nandigama R, Bettner W, Undem BJ. Phenotypic distinctions between neural crest and placodal derived vagal C-fibres in mouse lungs. J Physiol. 2010;588(Pt 23):4769–83.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  46. Adcock JJ. TRPV1 receptors in sensitisation of cough and pain reflexes. Pulm Pharmacol Ther. 2009;22(2):65–70.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Canning BJ, Farmer DG, Mori N. Mechanistic studies of acid-evoked coughing in anesthetized guinea pigs. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2006b;291(2):R454–63.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Belvisi MG, Dubuis E, Birrell MA. Transient receptor potential A1 channels: insights into cough and airway inflammatory disease. Chest. 2011;140(4):1040–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  49. Grace MS, Belvisi MG. TRPA1 receptors in cough. Pulm Pharmacol Ther. 2011;24(3):286–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Maher SA, Dubuis ED, Belvisi MG. G-protein coupled receptors regulating cough. Curr Opin Pharmacol. 2011;11(3):248–53.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Nassenstein C, Kwong K, Taylor-Clark T, Kollarik M, Macglashan DM, Braun A, Undem BJ. Expression and function of the ion channel TRPA1 in vagal afferent nerves innervating mouse lungs. J Physiol. 2008;586(6):1595–604.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  52. Bessac BF, Sivula M, von Hehn CA, Escalera J, Cohn L, Jordt SE. TRPA1 is a major oxidant sensor in murine airway sensory neurons. J Clin Invest. 2008;118(5):1899–910.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  53. Fox AJ, Urban L, Barnes PJ, Dray A. Effects of capsazepine against capsaicin- and protonevoked excitation of single airway C-fibres and vagus nerve from the guinea-pig. Neuroscience. 1995;67(3):741–52.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Hong JL, Kwong K, Lee LY. Stimulation of pulmonary C fibres by lactic acid in rats: contributions of H+ and lactate ions. J Physiol. 1997;500(2):319–29.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  55. Lee LY, Gu Q, Xu F, Hong JL. Acid-sensing by airway afferent nerves. Pulm Pharmacol Ther. 2013;26(5):491–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  56. Dicpinigaitis PV. Effect of tobacco and electronic cigarette use on cough reflex sensitivity. Pulm Pharmacol Ther. 2017;47:45–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Sitkauskiene B, Stravinskaite K, Sakalauskas R, Dicpinigaitis PV. Changes in cough reflex sensitivity after cessation and resumption of cigarette smoking. Pulm Pharmacol Ther. 2007;20(3):240–3.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Davenport PW, Vovk A, Duke RK, Bolser DC, Robertson E. The urge-to-cough and cough motor response modulation by the central effects of nicotine. Pulm Pharmacol Ther. 2009;22(2):82–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Lee MG, Kollarik M, Chuaychoo B, Undem BJ. Ionotropic and metabotropic receptor mediated airway sensory nerve activation. Pulm Pharmacol Ther. 2004;17(6):355–60.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Lee LY, Burki NK, Gerhardstein DC, Gu Q, Kou YR, Xu J. Airway irritation and cough evoked by inhaled cigarette smoke: role of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Pulm Pharmacol Ther. 2007;20(4):355–64.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Mao D, Yasuda RP, Fan H, Wolfe BB, Kellar KJ. Heterogeneity of nicotinic cholinergic receptors in rat superior cervical and nodose ganglia. Mol Pharmacol. 2006;70(5):1693–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Riccio MM, Proud D. Evidence that enhanced nasal reactivity to bradykinin in patients with symptomatic allergy is mediated by neural reflexes. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1996;97(6):1252–63.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Hewitt MM, Adams G Jr, Mazzone SB, Mori N, Yu L, Canning BJ. Pharmacology of Bradykinin-Evoked coughing in guinea pigs. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2016;357(3):620–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  64. Coleridge HM, Coleridge JC, Schultz HD. Afferent pathways involved in reflex regulation of airway smooth muscle. Pharmacol Ther. 1989;42(1):1–63.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. Fox AJ, Barnes PJ, Urban L, Dray A. An in vitro study of the properties of single vagal afferents innervating guinea-pig airways. J Physiol. 1993;469:21–35.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  66. Kajekar R, Proud D, Myers AC, Meeker SN, Undem BJ. Characterization of vagal afferent subtypes stimulated by bradykinin in guinea pig trachea. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1999;289(2):682–7.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. Maher SA, Birrell MA, Belvisi MG. Prostaglandin E2 mediates cough via the EP3 receptor: implications for future disease therapy. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2009;180(10):923–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  68. Maher SA, Birrell MA, Adcock JJ, Wortley MA, Dubuis ED, Bonvini SJ, Grace MS, Belvisi MG. Prostaglandin D2 and the role of the DP1, DP2 and TP receptors in the control of airway reflex events. Eur Respir J. 2015;45(4):1108–18.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. North RA. P2X receptors. Philos Trans R Soc Lond Ser B Biol Sci. 2016;371(1700):20150427.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Fowles HE, Rowland T, Wright C, Morice A. Tussive challenge with ATP and AMP: does it reveal cough hypersensitivity? Eur Respir J. 2017;49(2):1601452.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Bolser DC, DeGennaro FC, O’Reilly S, McLeod RL, Hey JA. Central antitussive activity of the NK1 and NK2 tachykinin receptor antagonists, CP-99,994 and SR 48968, in the guinea-pig and cat. Br J Pharmacol. 1997;121(2):165–70.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  72. Canning BJ. Interactions between vagal afferent nerve subtypes mediating cough. Pulm Pharmacol Ther. 2002;15(3):187–92.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  73. Sekizawa K, Jia YX, Ebihara T, Hirose Y, Hirayama Y, Sasaki H. Role of substance P in cough. Pulm Pharmacol. 1996;9(5–6):323–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  74. Ujiie Y, Sekizawa K, Aikawa T, Sasaki H. Evidence for substance P as an endogenous substance causing cough in guinea pigs. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1993;148(6 Pt 1):1628–32.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. Oh EJ, Thompson LP, Weinreich D. Sexually dimorphic regulation of NK-1 receptormediated electrophysiological responses in vagal primary afferent neurons. J Neurophysiol. 2000;84(1):51–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  76. Jafri MS, Weinreich D. Substance P regulates Ih via a NK-1 receptor in vagal sensory neurons of the ferret. J Neurophysiol. 1998;79(2):769–77.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  77. Kohrogi H, Graf PD, Sekizawa K, Borson DB, Nadel JA. Neutral endopeptidase inhibitors potentiate substance P- and capsaicin-induced cough in awake guinea pigs. J Clin Invest. 1988;82(6):2063–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  78. Yasumitsu R, Hirayama Y, Imai T, Miyayasu K, Hiroi J. Effects of specific tachykinin receptor antagonists on citric acid-induced cough and bronchoconstriction in unanesthetized guinea pigs. Eur J Pharmacol. 1996;300(3):215–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  79. Daoui S, Cognon C, Naline E, Emonds-Alt X, Advenier C. Involvement of tachykinin NK3 receptors in citric acid-induced cough and bronchial responses in guinea pigs. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1998;158(1):42–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  80. Moreaux B, Nemmar A, Vincke G, Halloy D, Beerens D, Advenier C, Gustin P. Role of substance P and tachykinin receptor antagonists in citric acid-induced cough in pigs. Eur J Pharmacol. 2000;408(3):305–12.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  81. Bolser DC, DeGennaro FC, O’Reilly S, Hey JA, Chapman RW. Pharmacological studies of allergic cough in the guinea pig. Eur J Pharmacol. 1995;277(2–3):159–64.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  82. Li JQ, Jia YX, Yamaya M, Arai H, Ohrui T, Sekizawa K, Sasaki H. Neurochemical regulation of cough response to capsaicin in guinea-pigs. Auton Autacoid Pharmacol. 2002;22(1):57–63.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  83. Jafri MS, Moore KA, Taylor GE, Weinreich D. Histamine H1 receptor activation blocks two classes of potassium current, IK(rest) and IAHP, to excite ferret vagal afferents. J Physiol. 1997;503(3):533–46.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  84. Undem BJ, Weinreich D. Electrophysiological properties and chemosensitivity of guinea pig nodose ganglion neurons in vitro. J Auton Nerv Syst. 1993;44(1):17–33.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  85. Lee LY, Morton RF. Histamine enhances vagal pulmonary C-fiber responses to capsaicin and lung inflation. Respir Physiol. 1993;93(1):83–96.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  86. Kamei J, Takahashi Y, Yoshikawa Y, Saitoh A. Involvement of P2X receptor subtypes in ATP-induced enhancement of the cough reflex sensitivity. Eur J Pharmacol. 2005;528(1–3):158–561.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  87. Kamei J, Takahashi Y. Involvement of ionotropic purinergic receptors in the histamine-induced enhancement of the cough reflex sensitivity in guinea pigs. Eur J Pharmacol. 2006;547(1–3):160–4.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  88. Lavezzo A, Melillo G, Clavenna G, Omini C. Peripheral site of action of levodropropizine in experimentally-induced cough: role of sensory neuropeptides. Pulm Pharmacol. 1992;5(2):143–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  89. Zanasi A, Lanata L, Fontana G, Saibene F, Dicpinigaitis P, De Blasio F. Levodropropizine for treating cough in adult and children: a meta-analysis of published studies. Multidiscip Respir Med. 2015;10(1):19.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  90. Maher SA, Belvisi MG. Prostanoids and the cough reflex. Lung. 2010;188(Suppl 1):S9–S12.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  91. Jia Y, McLeod RL, Wang X, Parra LE, Egan RW, Hey JA. Anandamide induces cough in conscious guinea-pigs through VR1 receptors. Br J Pharmacol. 2002;137(6):831–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  92. Birrell MA, Bonvini SJ, Dubuis E, Maher SA, Wortley MA, Grace MS, Raemdonck K, Adcock JJ, Belvisi MG. Tiotropium modulates transient receptor potential V1 (TRPV1) in airway sensory nerves: a beneficial off-target effect? J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2014;133(3):679–87.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  93. Dicpinigaitis PV, Spinner L, Santhyadka G, Negassa A. Effect of tiotropium on cough reflex sensitivity in acute viral cough. Lung. 2008;186:369–74.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  94. Mutolo D, Cinelli E, Iovino L, Pantaleo T, Bongianni F. Downregulation of the cough reflex by aclidinium and tiotropium in awake and anesthetized rabbits. Pulm Pharmacol Ther. 2016;38:1–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  95. Mokry J, Nosalova G. The influence of the PDE inhibitors on cough reflex in guinea pigs. Bratisl Lek Listy. 2011;112(3):131–5.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  96. Usmani OS, Belvisi MG, Patel HJ, Crispino N, Birrell MA, Korbonits M, Korbonits D, Barnes PJ. Theobromine inhibits sensory nerve activation and cough. FASEB J. 2005;19(2):231–3.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  97. Morice AH, McGarvey L, Pavord ID, Higgins B, Chung KF, Birring SS. Theobromine for the treatment of persistent cough: a randomised, multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. J Thorac Dis. 2017;9(7):1864–72.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  98. Dubuis E, Wortley MA, Grace MS, Maher SA, Adcock JJ, Birrell MA, Belvisi MG. Theophylline inhibits the cough reflex through a novel mechanism of action. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2014;133(6):1588–98.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  99. Karlsson JA, Choudry NB, Zackrisson C, Fuller RW. A comparison of the effect of inhaled diuretics on airway reflexes in humans and guinea pigs. J Appl Physiol. 1992;72(2):434–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  100. Mazzone SB, McGovern AE. Na+-K+-2Cl− cotransporters and Cl− channels regulate citric acid cough in guinea pigs. J Appl Physiol. 2006;101(2):635–43.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  101. Stone RA, Barnes PJ, Chung KF. Effect of frusemide on cough responses to chloride deficient solution in normal and mild asthmatic subjects. Eur Respir J. 1993;6(6):862–7.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  102. Ventresca PG, Nichol GM, Barnes PJ, Chung KF. Inhaled furosemide inhibits cough induced by low chloride content solutions but not by capsaicin. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1990;142(1):143–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  103. Sant’Ambrogio FB, Sant’Ambrogio G, Anderson JW. Effect of furosemide on the response of laryngeal receptors to low-chloride solutions. Eur Respir J. 1993;6(8):1151–5.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  104. McLeod RL, Jia Y, McHugh NA, Fernandez X, Mingo GG, Wang X, Parra LE, Chen J, Brown D, Bolser DC, Kreutner W, Hey JA. Sulfur-dioxide exposure increases TRPV1-mediated responses in nodose ganglia cells and augments cough in guinea pigs. Pulm Pharmacol Ther. 2007;20(6):750–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  105. Gatti R, Andre E, Barbara C, Dinh TQ, Fontana G, Fischer A, Geppetti P, Trevisani M. Ethanol potentiates the TRPV1-mediated cough in the guinea pig. Pulm Pharmacol Ther. 2009;22(1):33–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  106. Kanezaki M, Ebihara S, Gui P, Ebihara T, Kohzuki M. Effect of cigarette smoking on cough reflex induced by TRPV1 and TRPA1 stimulations. Respir Med. 2012;106(3):406–12.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  107. Taylor-Clark TE. Role of reactive oxygen species and TRP channels in the cough reflex. Cell Calcium. 2016;60(3):155–62.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  108. Clay E, Patacchini R, Trevisani M, Preti D, Branà MP, Spina D, Page C. Ozone-induced hypertussive responses in rabbits and guinea pigs. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2016;357(1):73–83.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  109. Gatti R, Andre E, Amadesi S, Dinh TQ, Fischer A, Bunnett NW, Harrison S, Geppetti P, Trevisani M. Protease-activated receptor-2 activation exaggerates TRPV1-mediated cough in guinea pigs. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2006;101(2):506–11.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  110. Bolser DC. Central mechanisms II: pharmacology of brainstem pathways. Handb Exp Pharmacol. 2009;187:203–17.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  111. Takahama K, Shirasaki T. Central and peripheral mechanisms of narcotic antitussives: codeine-sensitive and -resistant coughs. Cough. 2007;3:8.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  112. Nosálová G. Actions of drugs affecting the cough reflex. [Article in Slovak]. Bratisl Lek Listy. 1998;99(10):531–5.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  113. Fischer A, Forssmann WG, Undem BJ. Nociceptin-induced inhibition of tachykinergic neurotransmission in guinea pig bronchus. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1998;285(2):902–7.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  114. Adcock JJ. Peripheral opioid receptors and the cough reflex. Respir Med. 1991;85(Suppl A):43–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  115. Bolser DC, McLeod RL, Tulshian DB, Hey JA. Antitussive action of nociceptin in the cat. Eur J Pharmacol. 2001;430(1):107–11.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  116. Callaway JK, King RG, Boura AL. Evidence for peripheral mechanisms mediating the antitussive actions of opioids in the guinea pig. Gen Pharmacol. 1991;22(6):1103–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  117. Karlsson JA, Lanner AS, Persson CG. Airway opioid receptors mediate inhibition of cough and reflex bronchoconstriction in guinea pigs. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1990;252(2):863–8.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  118. Lee MG, Undem BJ, Brown C, Carr MJ. Effect of nociceptin in acid-evoked cough and airway sensory nerve activation in guinea pigs. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2006;173(3):271–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  119. McLeod RL, Parra LE, Mutter JC, Erickson CH, Carey GJ, Tulshian DB, Fawzi AB, Smith-Torhan A, Egan RW, Cuss FM, Hey JA. Nociceptin inhibits cough in the guinea-pig by activation of ORL(1) receptors. Br J Pharmacol. 2001;132(6):1175–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  120. McLeod RL, Jia Y, Fernandez X, Parra LE, Wang X, Tulshian DB, Kiselgof EJ, Tan Z, Fawzi AB, Smith-Torhan A, Zhang H, Hey JA. Antitussive profile of the NOP agonist Ro-64-6198 in the guinea pig. Pharmacology. 2004;71(3):143–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  121. Bolser DC, DeGennaro FC, O’Reilly S, Chapman RW, Kreutner W, Egan RW, Hey JA. Peripheral and central sites of action of GABA-B agonists to inhibit the cough reflex in the cat and guinea pig. Br J Pharmacol. 1994;113(4):1344–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  122. Callaway JK, King RG. Effects of inhaled alpha 2-adrenoceptor and GABAB receptor agonists on citric acid-induced cough and tidal volume changes in guinea pigs. Eur J Pharmacol. 1992;220(2–3):187–95.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  123. Patel HJ, Birrell MA, Crispino N, Hele DJ, Venkatesan P, Barnes PJ, Yacoub MH, Belvisi MG. Inhibition of guinea-pig and human sensory nerve activity and the cough reflex in guinea-pigs by cannabinoid (CB2) receptor activation. Br J Pharmacol. 2003;140(2):261–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  124. Sekizawa K, Ebihara T, Sasaki H. Role of substance P in cough during bronchoconstriction in awake guinea pigs. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1995;151(3 Pt 1):815–21.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  125. Morita K, Kamei J. Involvement of ATP-sensitive K(+) channels in the anti-tussive effect of moguisteine. Eur J Pharmacol. 2000;395(2):161–4.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  126. Sutovska M, Nosalova G, Franova S. The role of potassium ion channels in cough and other reflexes of the airways. J Physiol Pharmacol. 2007;58(Suppl 5 Pt 2):673–83.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  127. Sutovska M, Franova S, Sutovsky J. The influence of animal species on the relationship between ATP-sensitive potassium ion channels and defense reflexes of the airways. Bratisl Lek Listy. 2009;110(5):269–75.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  128. Hanacek J, Tatar M, Widdicombe J. Regulation of cough by secondary sensory inputs. Respir Physiol Neurobiol. 2006;152(3):282–97.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  129. Tatar M, Sant’Ambrogio G, Sant’Ambrogio FB. Laryngeal and tracheobronchial cough in anesthetized dogs. J Appl Physiol (1985). 1994;76(6):2672–9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  130. Chou YL, Mori N, Canning BJ. Opposing effects of bronchopulmonary C-fiber subtypes on cough in guinea pigs. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2018;314(3):R489–98.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  131. Mutolo D, Bongianni F, Cinelli E, Fontana GA, Pantaleo T. Cough reflex responses during pulmonary C-fibre receptor activation in anesthetized rabbits. Neurosci Lett. 2008;448(2):200–3.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  132. Barnes NC, Piper PJ, Costello JF. Comparative effects of inhaled leukotriene C4, leukotriene D4, and histamine in normal human subjects. Thorax. 1984;39(7):500–4.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  133. Simera M, Poliacek I, Veternik M, Babalova L, Kotmanova Z, Jakus J. Changes in vagal afferent drive alter tracheobronchial coughing in anesthetized cats. Respir Physiol Neurobiol. 2016;230:36–43.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  134. Klassen KP, Morton DR, Curtis GM. The clinical physiology of the human bronchi. III. The effect of vagus section on the cough reflex, bronchial caliber, and clearance of bronchial secretions. Surgery. 1951;29(4):483–90.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  135. Kondo T, Hayama N. Cough reflex is additively potentiated by inputs from the laryngeal and tracheobronchial receptors and enhanced by stimulation of the central respiratory neurons. J Physiol Sci. 2009;59(5):347–53.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  136. Carr MJ. Regulation of cough and action potentials by voltage-gated Na channels. Pulm Pharmacol Ther. 2013;26(5):508–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  137. Kocmalova M, Joskova M, Franova S, Banovcin P, Sutovska M. Airway defense control mediated via voltage-gated sodium channels. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2016;921:71–80.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  138. Kollarik M, Sun H, Herbstsomer RA, Ru F, Kocmalova M, Meeker SN, Undem BJ. Different role of TTX-sensitive voltage-gated sodium channel (NaV 1) subtypes in action potential initiation and conduction in vagal airway nociceptors. J Physiol. 2018;596(8):1419–32.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  139. Muroi Y, Ru F, Kollarik M, Canning BJ, Hughes SA, Walsh S, Sigg M, Carr MJ, Undem BJ. Selective silencing of Na(V)1.7 decreases excitability and conduction in vagal sensory neurons. J Physiol. 2011;589(Pt 23):5663–76.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  140. Simera M, Poliacek I, Dobrolubov B, Veternik M, Plevkova J, Jakus J. Interactions of mechanically induced coughing and sneezing in cat. Respir Physiol Neurobiol. 2015;205:21–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  141. Plevkova J, Kollarik M, Brozmanova M, Revallo M, Varechova S, Tatar M. Modulation of experimentally-induced cough by stimulation of nasal mucosa in cats and guinea pigs. Respir Physiol Neurobiol. 2004a;142(2–3):225–35.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  142. Plevkova J, Brozmanova M, Pecova R, Tatar M. Effects of intranasal capsaicin challenge on cough reflex in healthy human volunteers. J Physiol Pharmacol. 2004b;55(suppl 3):101–6.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  143. Plevkova J, Brozmanova M, Pecova R, Tatar M. The effects of nasal histamine challenge on cough reflex in healthy volunteers. Pulm Pharmacol Ther. 2006;19(2):120–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  144. Laude EA, Morice AH, Grattan TJ. The antitussive effects of menthol, camphor and cineole in conscious guinea-pigs. Pulm Pharmacol. 1994;7(3):179–84.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  145. Buday T, Brozmanova M, Biringerova Z, Gavliakova S, Poliacek I, Calkovsky V, Shetthalli MV, Plevkova J. Modulation of cough response by sensory inputs from the nose—role of trigeminal TRPA1 versus TRPM8 channels. Cough. 2012;8(1):11.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  146. Poliacek I, Jakus J, Simera M, Barani H, Visnovcova N, Halasova E, Tomori Z. Excitability and rhythmicity of tracheobronchial cough is altered by aspiration reflex in cats. J Physiol Pharmacol. 2009a;60(Suppl 5):105–10.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  147. Poliacek I, Tomori Z, Simera M, Barani H, Visnovcova N, Halasova E, Donic V, Jakus J. Provocation of aspiration reflexes and their effects on the pattern of cough and reflex apnea in cats. J Physiol Pharmacol. 2009b;60(Suppl 5):99–104.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  148. Poliacek I, Plevkova J, Pitts T, Kotmanova Z, Jakus J, Simera M. Cough modulation by upper airway stimuli in cat—potential clinical application? Open J Mol Integr Physiol. 2016a;6(3):35–43.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  149. Ing AJ, Ngu MC, Breslin AB. Pathogenesis of chronic persistent cough associated with gastroesophageal reflux. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1994;149(1):160–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  150. Benini L, Ferrari M, Sembenini C, Olivieri M, Micciolo R, Zuccali V, Bulighin GM, Fiorino F, Ederle A, Cascio VL, Vantini I. Cough threshold in reflux oesophagitis: influence of acid and of laryngeal and oesophageal damage. Gut. 2000;46(6):762–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  151. Poliacek I, Morris KF, Lindsey BG, Segers LS, Rose MJ, Corrie LW, Wang C, Pitts TE, Davenport PW, Bolser DC. Blood pressure changes alter tracheobronchial cough: computational model of the respiratory-cough network and in vivo experiments in anesthetized cats. J Appl Physiol. 2011;111(3):861–73.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  152. Byrd RB, Burns JR. Cough dynamics in the post-thoracotomy state. Chest. 1975;67(6):654–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  153. Dilworth JP, Pounsford JC, White RJ. Cough threshold after upper abdominal surgery. Thorax. 1990;45(3):207–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  154. Colucci DB, Fiore JF Jr, Paisani DM, Risso TT, Colucci M, Chiavegato LD, Faresin SM. Cough impairment and risk of postoperative pulmonary complications after open upper abdominal surgery. Respir Care. 2015;60(5):673–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  155. Clay L, Gunnarsson U, Franklin KA, Strigård K. Effect of an elastic girdle on lung function, intra-abdominal pressure, and pain after midline laparotomy: a randomized controlled trial. Int J Color Dis. 2014;29(6):715–21.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  156. Farkas GA, Schroeder MA, De Troyer A. Effect of midline laparotomy on the cough reflex in dogs. Neurosci Lett. 1989;107(1–3):120–4.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  157. Kondo T, Kobayashi I, Hayama N, Ohta Y. An increase in the threshold of citric acid-induced cough during chest wall vibration in healthy humans. Jpn J Physiol. 1998;48(5):341–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  158. Kashiwazaki N, Ebihara S, Gui P, Katayama N, Ito K, Sato R, Oyama C, Ebihara T, Kohzuki M. Inhibitory effect of cervical trachea and chest wall vibrations on cough reflex sensitivity and perception of urge-to-cough in healthy male never-smokers. Cough. 2013;9(1):22.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  159. Yoshihara S, Abe T, Fukuda N, Ando T, Asai H, Ichimura T. Skin stimulation with cold water inhibits capsaicin-induced cough, and decreases substance P-like immunoreactivity in guinea-pig lungs. Biomed Res. 1996;17:271–8.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  160. Addington WR, Stephens RE, Goulding RE. Anesthesia for the superior laryngeal nerves and tartaric acid-induced cough. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1999;80(12):1584–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  161. Fontana GA, Pantaleo T, Lavorini F, Mutolo D, Polli G, Pistolesi M. Coughing in laryngectomized patients. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1999;160(5 Pt 1):1578–84.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  162. Forsberg K, Karlsson JA, Lundberg JM, Zackrisson C. Effect of partial laryngeal denervation on irritant-induced cough and bronchoconstriction in conscious guinea-pigs. Proceedings of the physiological society, St. George’s Meeting, 3–4 Nov 1989, 34P.

    Google Scholar 

  163. Simpson CB, Tibbetts KM, Loochtan MJ, Dominguez LM. Treatment of chronic neurogenic cough with in-office superior laryngeal nerve block. Laryngoscope. 2018;128(8):1898–903.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  164. Stockwell M, Lang S, Yip R, Zintel T, White C, Gallagher CG. Lack of importance of the superior laryngeal nerves in citric acid cough in humans. J Appl Physiol (1985). 1993;75(2):613–7.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  165. Tatar M, Karcolova D, Pecova R, Brozmanova M. The role of partial laryngeal denervation on the cough reflex in awake guinea-pigs, rats and rabbits. Pulm Pharmacol. 1996;9(5–6):371–2.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  166. Bolser DC, Shen TY, Rose MJ, Musselwhite MN, Davenport PW. Influence of intrathoracic vagotomy on the cough reflex in the anesthetized cat. FASEB J. 2017;31(1 Suppl):1054.10.

    Google Scholar 

  167. Hanacek J, Davies A, Widdicombe JG. Influence of lung stretch receptors on the cough reflex in rabbits. Respiration. 1984;45(3):161–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  168. Sant’Ambrogio G, Sant’Ambrogio FB, Davies A. Airway receptors in cough. Bull Eur Physiopathol Respir. 1984;20(1):43–7.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  169. Bolser DC, Davenport PW. Volume-timing relationships during cough and resistive loading in the cat. J Appl Physiol 1985. 2000;89(2):785–79.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  170. Javorka K, Kulisek V, Calkovska A. Defensive reflexes of the respiratory system in anaesthetized rabbits during high frequency jet ventilation. Exp Physiol. 1994;79:967–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  171. Nishino T, Sugimori K, Hiraga K, Honda Y. Influence of CPAP on reflex responses to tracheal irritation in anesthetized humans. J Appl Physiol. 1989a;67:954–95.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  172. Romaniuk JR, Kowalski KE, Dick TE. The role of pulmonary stretch receptor activation during cough in dogs. Acta Neurobiol Exp (Wars). 1997;57(1):21–2.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  173. Poliacek I, Simera M, Veternik M, Kotmanova Z, Pitts T, Hanacek J, Plevkova J, Machac P, Visnovcova N, Misek J, Jakus J. The course of lung inflation alters the central pattern of tracheobronchial cough in cat—the evidence for volume feedback during cough. Respir Physiol Neurobiol. 2016b;229:43–50.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  174. Poliacek I, Kotmanova Z, Veternik M, Pitts T, Martvon L, Misek J, Jakus J, Simera M. The central pattern of tracheobronchial cough is affected by inspiratory resistance and expiratory occlusion—the evidence for volume feedback during cough expiration. Respir Physiol Neurobiol. 2019;261:9–14.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  175. Pecova R, Frlickova Z, Pec J, Tatar M. Cough sensitivity in localized sclerodermia with no clinical symptoms from lower airways. J Physiol Pharmacol. 2003a;54:25–8.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  176. Pecova R, Frlickova Z, Pec J, Tatar M. Cough sensitivity in atopic dermatitis. Pulm Pharmacol Ther. 2003b;16:203–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  177. Lang IM, Medda BK, Shaker R. Mechanisms of reflexes induced by esophageal distension. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2001;281(5):G1246–63.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  178. Javorkova N, Varechova S, Pecova R, Tatar M, Balaz D, Demeter M, Hyrdel R, Kollarik M. Acidification of the oesophagus acutely increases the cough sensitivity in patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux and chronic cough. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2008;20(2):119–24.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  179. Wu DN, Yamauchi K, Kobayashi H, Tanifuji Y, Kato C, Suzuki K, Inoue H. Effects of esophageal acid perfusion on cough responsiveness in patients with bronchial asthma. Chest. 2002;122(2):505–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  180. Tatar M, Plevkova J, Brozmanova M, Pecova R, Kollarik M. Mechanisms of the cough associated with rhinosinusitis. Pulm Pharmacol Ther. 2009;22(2):121–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  181. Biringerova Z, Gavliakova S, Brozmanova M, Tatar M, Hanuskova E, Poliacek I, Plevkova J. The effects of nasal irritant induced responses on breathing and cough in anaesthetized and conscious animal models. Respir Physiol Neurobiol. 2013;189(3):588–93.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  182. Morice AH, Marshall AE, Higgins KS, Grattan TJ. Effect of inhaled menthol on citric acid induced cough in normal subjects. Thorax. 1994;49(10):1024–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  183. Plevkova J, Kollarik M, Poliacek I, Brozmanova M, Surdenikova L, Tatar M, Mori N, Canning BJ. The role of trigeminal nasal TRPM8-expressing aff erent neurons in the antitussive effects of menthol. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2013;115(2):268–74.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  184. Macpherson LJ, Hwang SW, Miyamoto T, Dubin AE, Patapoutian A, Story GM. More than cool: promiscuous relationships of menthol and other sensory compounds. Mol Cell Neurosci. 2006;32(4):335–43.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  185. Gavliakova S, Biringerova Z, Buday T, Brozmanova M, Calkovsky V, Poliacek I, Plevkova J. Antitussive effects of nasal thymol challenges in healthy volunteers. Respir Physiol Neurobiol. 2013;187(1):104–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  186. Wise PM, Breslin PA, Dalton P. Effect of taste sensation on cough reflex sensitivity. Lung. 2014;192(1):9–13.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  187. Tatar M, Korpas J, Polacek H, Zahradny V. Study of the respiratory defensive reflexes in conscious cats in the acute phase of deficient oxygen supply into the organism. Bratisl Lek Listy. 1985;84:157–64.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  188. Tatar M, Korpas J, Polacek H, Zahradny V. Changes induced by severe hypoxia in respiratory defence reflexes in anaesthetised cats. Respiration. 1986a;49:114–21.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  189. Tatar M, Tarkanov A, Korpas J, Kulik AM. Effect of hypoxia and hypercapnia on the airways defence reflexes. Acta Physiol Hung. 1987;70:195–200.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  190. Tatar M. Effect of denervation of peripheral chemoreceptors on cough during hypoxia. Bull Eur Physiopathol Respir. 1987;23(Suppl. 10):65.

    Google Scholar 

  191. Nishino T, Hiraga K, Honda Y. Inhibitory effects of CO2 on airway defensive reflexes in enflurane-anesthetized humans. J Appl Physiol. 1989b;66:2642–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  192. Tatar M, Polacek H, Pullmann R. Changes of airway defence reflexes in the course of five-hour hypercapnia in conscious cats. Bratisl Lek Listy. 1986b;85:533–40.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  193. Hanacek J, Brozmanova M, Tatar M, Karcolova D, Strapkova A, Szepe P. Effect of long-term high oxygen concentration breathing on defensive respiratory reflexes in guinea pigs. Pulm Pharmacol. 1996a;9:367–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  194. Hanacek J, Brozmanova M, Strapkova A, Szepe P, Nagyova B. Functional and morphological changes of the respiratory organs in cats after long-term exposure to pure normobaric oxygen. Bratisl Lek Listy. 1996b;97:251–9.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  195. Pitts T, Morris K, Lindsey B, Davenport P, Poliacek I, Bolser D. Co-ordination of cough and swallow in vivo and in silico. Exp Physiol. 2012;97(4):469–73.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  196. Pitts T, Rose MJ, Mortensen AN, Poliacek I, Sapienza CM, Lindsey BG, Morris KF, Davenport PW, Bolser DC. Coordination of cough and swallow: a meta-behavioral response to aspiration. Respir Physiol Neurobiol. 2013;189(3):543–51.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  197. Korpas J, Jakus J. The expiration reflex from the vocal folds. Acta Physiol Hung. 2000;87(3):201–15.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Institute of Medical Biophysics, Martin, Slovak Republic

    Ivan Poliacek

Authors
  1. Ivan Poliacek
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ivan Poliacek .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Cough Study and Treatment Centre, S.I.S.Me.R., Bologna, Italy

    Alessandro Zanasi

  2. Department of Critical Care, Medicine and Surgery, University of Florence, Florence, Italy

    Giovanni A. Fontana

  3. Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine - Section of Physiology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy

    Donatella Mutolo

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Poliacek, I. (2020). Sensory Pathways and Neural Modulation of Cough. In: Zanasi, A., Fontana, G., Mutolo, D. (eds) Cough: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Treatment. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48571-9_2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48571-9_2

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-48570-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-48571-9

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation