Skip to main content

If the Unthinkable Happens: Families After SUID

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Infant Safe Sleep

Abstract

Clinicians, public health professionals, and others involved in the care of an infant and family after SUID can feel ill prepared to offer support and guidance in the aftermath of this tragic loss. This chapter focuses on family experiences, likely responses, available resources, and the clinician’s role following SUID. Infants die from SUID both with and without risk factors, and they often have predictable questions. Coping after SUID is an isolating and extremely difficult experience for parents. Most of their relationships are tested. Rates of Prolonged Grief Disorder are extremely high when compared to other kinship groups. Concrete contributions include guiding the family through the forensic system and advocating for their need to find answers. The family will be helped by counseling about grief and anticipating solutions to social complexities. In any interaction, assessing their coping, saying their child’s name, and letting them tell their story will have therapeutic value.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Garstang J, Griffiths F, Sidebotham P. What do bereaved parents want from professionals after the sudden death of their child: a systematic review of the literature. BMC Pediatr. 2014;14:269. PMCID: PMC4287432. Epub 2014/10/15.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Camperlengo L, Shapiro-Mendoza CK, Gibbs F. Improving sudden unexplained infant death investigation practices: an evaluation of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s SUID Investigation Training Academies. Am J Forensic Med Pathol. 2014;35(4):278–82.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Fleming PJ, Blair PS, Sidebotham PD, Hayler T. Investigating sudden unexpected deaths in infancy and childhood and caring for bereaved families: an integrated multiagency approach. BMJ. 2004;328(7435):331–4. PMCID: PMC338105.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Mitchell RA, DiAngelo C, Morgan D. Medicolegal Death Investigation of sudden unexpected infant deaths. Pediatr Ann. 2017;46(8):e297–e302.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Erck Lambert AB, Parks SE, Camperlengo L, Cottengim C, Anderson RL, Covington TM, et al. Death Scene Investigation and autopsy practices in sudden unexpected infant deaths. J Pediatr. 2016;174:84–90.e1. PMCID: PMC5063238. Epub 2016/04/22.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Petrikin JE, Willig LK, Smith LD, Kingsmore SF. Rapid whole genome sequencing and precision neonatology. Seminars in perinatology. 2015;39(8):623–31. PMCID: PMC4657860. Epub 2015/11/02.

    Google Scholar 

  7. The National Association of Medical Examiners. NAME Inspection and Accreditation Checklist. 2018. p. 23.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Goldstein RD, Nields HM, Kinney HC. A New approach to the investigation of sudden unexpected death. Pediatrics. 2017;140(2):e20170024.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Martin K. When a baby dies of SIDS: the parents’ grief and search for reason. New York: Routledge; 2016.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Filiano JJ, Kinney HC. A perspective on neuropathologic findings in victims of the sudden infant death syndrome: the triple-risk model. Biol Neonate. 1994;65(3–4):194–7.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Moon RY, Task Force On Sudden Infant Death S. SIDS and other sleep-related infant deaths: evidence base for 2016 updated recommendations for a safe infant sleeping environment. Pediatrics. 2016;138(5):e20162940.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Kinney HC, Thach BT. The sudden infant death syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2009;361(8):795–805. PMCID: 3268262.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Kinney HC, Richerson GB, Dymecki SM, Darnall RA, Nattie EE. The brainstem and serotonin in the sudden infant death syndrome. Ann Rev Pathol. 2009;4:517–50. PMCID: 3268259.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Cummings KJ, Commons KG, Hewitt JC, Daubenspeck JA, Li A, Kinney HC, et al. Failed heart rate recovery at a critical age in 5-HT-deficient mice exposed to episodic anoxia: implications for SIDS. J Appl Physiol. 2011;111(3):825–33. PMCID: 3174796.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Cummings KJ, Hewitt JC, Li A, Daubenspeck JA, Nattie EE. Postnatal loss of brainstem serotonin neurones compromises the ability of neonatal rats to survive episodic severe hypoxia. J Physiol. 2011;589(Pt 21):5247–56. PMCID: 3225677.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Dosumu-Johnson RT, Cocoran AE, Chang Y, Nattie E, Dymecki SM. Acute perturbation of Pet1-neuron activity in neonatal mice impairs cardiorespiratory homeostatic recovery. eLife. 2018;7. PMCID: PMC6199134. Epub 2018/10/24.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Kinney HC, Cryan JB, Haynes RL, Paterson DS, Haas EA, Mena OJ, et al. Dentate gyrus abnormalities in sudden unexplained death in infants: morphological marker of underlying brain vulnerability. Acta Neuropathol. 2015;129(1):65–80. PMCID: 4282685.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Tester DJ, Wong LCH, Chanana P, Jaye A, Evans JM, FitzPatrick DR, et al. Cardiac genetic predisposition in sudden infant death syndrome. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2018;71(11):1217–27.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Morris S, Fletcher K, Goldstein R. The grief of parents after the death of a young child. J Clin Psychol Med Settings. 2018;26(3):321–38. Epub 2018/11/30

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Moon RY, Patel KM, Shaefer SJ. Sudden infant death syndrome in child care settings. Pediatrics. 2000;106(2 Pt 1):295–300.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Mitchell EA, Thach BT, Thompson JM, Williams S. Changing infants’ sleep position increases risk of sudden infant death syndrome. New Zealand Cot Death Study. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 1999;153(11):1136–41. Epub 1999/11/11

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Cote A, Gerez T, Brouillette RT, Laplante S. Circumstances leading to a change to prone sleeping in sudden infant death syndrome victims. Pediatrics. 2000;106(6):E86. Epub 2000/01/11

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Juth V, Smyth JM, Carey MP, Lepore SJ. Social constraints are associated with negative psychological and physical adjustment in bereavement. Appl Psychol Health Well Being. 2015;7(2):129–48. Epub 2015/02/24

    Google Scholar 

  24. Lepore SJ, Silver RC, Wortman CB, Wayment HA. Social constraints, intrusive thoughts, and depressive symptoms among bereaved mothers. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1996;70(2):271–82.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Goldstein RD. Unpublished data from NIH ancillary study, Maternal Grief in High Risk Settings. 2016.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Stroebe M, Stroebe W, van de Schoot R, Schut H, Abakoumkin G, Li J. Guilt in bereavement: the role of self-blame and regret in coping with loss. PloS One. 2014;9(5):e96606. PMCID: PMC4018291. Epub 2014/05/14.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Erev I, Glozman I, Hertwig R. What impacts the impact of rare events. J Risk Uncertain. 2008;36(2):153–77.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Hunt CE. Sudden infant death syndrome and other causes of infant mortality: diagnosis, mechanisms, and risk for recurrence in siblings. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2001;164(3):346–57.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Christensen ED, Berger J, Alashari MM, Coon H, Robison C, Ho HT, et al. Sudden infant death “syndrome”-insights and future directions from a Utah population database analysis. Am J Med Genet A. 2017;173(1):177–82. Epub 2016/10/30

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Warland J, O’Leary J, McCutcheon H, Williamson V. Parenting paradox: parenting after infant loss. Midwifery. 2011;27(5):e163–9.

    Google Scholar 

  31. Morris S, Fletcher K, Goldstein R. The grief of parents after the death of a young child. J Clin Psychol Med Settings. 2019;26(3):321–38. Epub 2018/11/30

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Bowlby J. Attachment and loss: retrospect and prospect. Am J Orthopsychiatry. 1982;52(4):664–78. Epub 1982/10/01

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Prigerson HG, Horowitz MJ, Jacobs SC, Parkes CM, Aslan M, Goodkin K, et al. Prolonged grief disorder: psychometric validation of criteria proposed for DSM-V and ICD-11. PLoS Med. 2009;6(8):e1000121. PMCID: PMC2711304.

    Google Scholar 

  34. Goldstein RD, Lederman RI, Lichtenthal WG, Morris SE, Human M, Elliott AJ, et al. The grief of mothers after the sudden unexpected death of their infants. Pediatrics. 2018;141(5):e20173651.

    Google Scholar 

  35. Dyregrov A, Dyregrov K. Long-term impact of sudden infant death: a 12- to 15-year follow-up. Death Stud. 1999;23(7):635–61.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Goldstein RD, Petty CR, Morris SE, Human M, Odendaal H, Elliott A, et al. Pre-loss personal factors and prolonged grief disorder in bereaved mothers. Psychol Med. 2018;9:1–9. Epub 2018/11/10

    Google Scholar 

  37. Hofer MA. Relationships as regulators: a psychobiologic perspective on bereavement. Psychosom Med. 1984;46(3):183–97.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Stroebe M, Finkenauer C, Wijngaards-de Meij L, Schut H, van den Bout J, Stroebe W. Partner-oriented self-regulation among bereaved parents: the costs of holding in grief for the partner’s sake. Psychol Sci. 2013;24(4):395–402.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Wijngaards-de Meij L, Stroebe M, Schut H, Stroebe W, van den Bout J, van der Heijden PG, et al. Parents grieving the loss of their child: interdependence in coping. Br J Clin Psychol. 2008;47(Pt 1):31–42.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Richard D. Goldstein .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Goldstein, R.D. (2020). If the Unthinkable Happens: Families After SUID. In: Moon, R. (eds) Infant Safe Sleep. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-47542-0_11

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-47542-0_11

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-47541-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-47542-0

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics