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‘Ozone-Specific’ Oxysterols and Neuronal Cell Signaling

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Measuring Oxidants and Oxidative Stress in Biological Systems

Part of the book series: Biological Magnetic Resonance ((BIMR,volume 34))

Abstract

Cholesterol is an important plasma membrane component, precursor for hormones and vitamins, and is a regulator of metabolism. However, the oxidized forms of cholesterol (oxysterols) can cause toxicity and induce pro-inflammatory responses and are implicated in chronic degenerative diseases. In general, oxysterols with a modified sidechain serve in various physiological and/or pathophysiological functions. The source of these oxysterols may be exogenous, from the food we ingest, or endogenous, as the by-product of normal cholesterol metabolism, free radical-mediated oxidation, or autoxidation of cholesterol. This chapter discusses the nature of oxysterols as oxidized cholesterol species, oxysterol signaling and pathophysiology, oxysterols and neurodegenerative diseases, ozone-oxidized cholesterol as a new class of oxysterols, detection of 3β-hydroxy-5-oxo-5,6-secocholestan-6-al (cholesterol secoaldehyde, ChSeco or atheronal-A) at sites of inflammation and evidence for in vivo existence, cytotoxicity of ChSeco and pro-inflammatory actions in the cells of mammalian systems, and ChSeco signaling in neuronal cells and implications in Alzheimer’s pathology.

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Acknowledgments

The authors acknowledge the support from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) through the National Institute of General Medical Science (NIGMS) Grant 5 P2O GM103424-17 and the US Department of Education (US DoE; Title III, HBGI Part B grant number P031B040030). Its contents are solely the responsibility of authors and do not represent the official views of NIH, NIGMS, or US DoE.

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Author notes

  1. Achuthan C. Raghavamenon

    Present address: Present address: Department of Biochemistry, Amala Cancer Research Center, Thrissur, Kerala, India

  2. Xueli Gao

    Present address: Present address: American Clinical Solutions, Sun City Center, FL, USA

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Environmental Toxicology and the Health Research Center, Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, LA, USA

    Achuthan C. Raghavamenon, Xueli Gao & Rao M. Uppu

  2. Department of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, LA, USA

    Deidra S. Atkins-Ball

  3. Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA

    Sanjay Varikuti & Narasimham L. Parinandi

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  1. Achuthan C. Raghavamenon
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Correspondence to Rao M. Uppu .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Denver, Centennial, CO, USA

    Lawrence J. Berliner

  2. Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Columbus, OH, USA

    Narasimham L. Parinandi

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Raghavamenon, A.C., Gao, X., Atkins-Ball, D.S., Varikuti, S., Parinandi, N.L., Uppu, R.M. (2020). ‘Ozone-Specific’ Oxysterols and Neuronal Cell Signaling. In: Berliner, L., Parinandi, N. (eds) Measuring Oxidants and Oxidative Stress in Biological Systems. Biological Magnetic Resonance, vol 34. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-47318-1_7

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