Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Breeding for High-Yielding and Disease-Resistant Urdbean Cultivars

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Accelerated Plant Breeding, Volume 3

Abstract

Urdbean or blackgram (V. mungo L. Hepper) is a popular warm season pulse crop of India. Urdbean is cultivated throughout the country except the temperate regions. India is the largest producer and consumer of urdbean in the world. Urdbean is cultivated in South Asia and adjacent regions (India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Thailand, Korea, Myanmar, etc.). Among 104 species, 3 are mostly popular as pulses: V. radiata (urdbean), V. mungo (mungbean), V. unguiculata (cowpea). Cultivated urdbean derived from its wild progenitor, V. mungo var. silvestris Lukoki, Maréchal, and Otoul. Despite the everyday use in food in India since, long systematic urdbean breeding was initiated only with the start of All India Coordinated Pulses Improvement Project in 1966. Since then lots of trait improvement have been made in this crop species including restructuring of plant type and introgression of disease resistance alleles, and as a result yield has improved. One of the first urdbean varieties was T9, a variety developed through selection from locally adapted land race from Bareilly, India. Later, mutation breeding and pedigree method of selection after hybridization became more popular in urdbean breeding. Breeding progress over the years was significant, and there has been a gradual increase in urdbean productivity; however polygenic traits require more attention. Genetics of important diseases and insect pest resistance have been worked by several workers; however several traits like resistance to mungbean yellow mosaic disease, powdery Mildew disease, and Cercospora leaf spot disease require use of newer technologies like molecular markers, genetic transformation, and tissue culture methods for speedy genetic manipulations. Pre-breeding and manipulation of physiological traits are the next key for further yield improvement in urdbean.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Adlinge PM, Samal KC, Swamy RK, Rout GR (2014) Rapid in vitro plant regeneration of black Gram (Vigna mungo L. Hepper) Var. Sarala, an important legume crop. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section B: Biological Sciences, 84(3):823–827

    Google Scholar 

  • Appa Rao S, Reddy BM (1976) Crumpled petal mutants in blackgram and cowpea. Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding 35:391–394

    Google Scholar 

  • Arora RK (1985) Diversity and collection of wild Vigna species in India. FAO/IBPGR Plant Gen Res Newsletter 63(12):26–33

    Google Scholar 

  • Arshad MU, Ghafoor A, Qureshi AS (2005) Inheritance of qualitative traits and their linkage in blackgram (V. mungo (L.) Hepper). Pak J Bot 37(1):41–46

    Google Scholar 

  • Ashraf M, Sohail A, Akhtar M, Ali A (1991) Varietal resistance of pulses to Dhora (Callosobruchus chinensis L.). J Agri Res 29:81–86

    Google Scholar 

  • AVRDC (1986) AVRDC Progress Report for 1984. Asian Vegetable Research and Development Centre, Shanhua, Taiwan

    Google Scholar 

  • AVRDC (1991) Screening of selected mungbean germplasm for resistance to Callosobruchus maculatus. Progress Report, AVRDC, pp 42–43

    Google Scholar 

  • Balaji V, Vanitharani R, Karthikeyan AS, Anbalagan S, Veluthambi K (2004) Infectivity analysis of two variable DNA B components of Mungbean yellow mosaic virus-Vigna in V. mungo and Vigna radiata. J Biosci 29(3):297–308

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bisht IS, Bhat KV, Lakhanpaul S, Latha M, Jayan PK, Biswas BK, Singh AK (2005) Diversity and genetic resources of wild Vigna species in India. Genet Resour Crop Evol 52(1):53–68

    Google Scholar 

  • Bose RD (1932) Studies in Indian pulses. 5. Urid or blackgram (Phaseolus mungo Linn. var. Roxburghü Prain). Indian J Agricul Sci 2:625–637

    Google Scholar 

  • Chandel KP (1984) Role of wild Vigna species in the evolution and improvement of mung (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) and urdbean (V. mungo (L.) Hepper)

    Google Scholar 

  • Chandel KPS, Lester RN, Starling RJ (1984) The wild ancestors of urd and mungbeans [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper and V. radiata (L.) Wilczek]. Bot J Linnean Soc 89:85–96

    Google Scholar 

  • Chaitieng BA, Kaga OK, Han XW, Wang S, Wongkaew P, Laosuwan N, Tomooka, Vaughan DA (2002) Mapping a new source of resistance to powdery mildew in mungbean. Plant breeding 121(6):521–525

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen NC, Baker LR, Honma S (1983) Interspecific crossability among four species of Vigna food legumes. Euphytica 32(3):925–937

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen HK, Mok MC, Shanmugasundaram S et al (1989) Theoret Appl Genet 78:641

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dahiya BS, Brar JS, Bhullar BS (1977) Inheritance of protein content and its correlation with grain yield in pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.). Qualitas Plantarum 27(3–4):327–334

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dongre TK, Pawar SE, Thakare RG, Harwalkar MR (1996) Identification of resistant sources to cowpea weevil (Callosobruchus maculatus (F.)) in Vigna sp. and inheritance of their resistance in black gram (V. mungo var. mungo). J Stored Prod Res 32(3):201–204

    Google Scholar 

  • Duangsong U, Kaewwongwal A, Somta P, Chankaew S, Srinives P (2016) Identification of a major QTL for resistance to Cercospora leaf spot disease in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) revealed common genomic region with that for the resistance to angular leaf spot in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Euphytica 209:199–207

    Google Scholar 

  • Dubey GS, Sharma I, Prakash N (1983) Some properties of urdbean leaf crinkle virus. Indian Phytopath 36:762–764

    Google Scholar 

  • Dwivedi S, Singh DP (1985) Inheritance of resistance to yellow mosaic virus in a wide cross of black gram (V. mungo [L.] Hepper) Z Pflanzenzuchtg 95:281–284

    Google Scholar 

  • Fatokun CA, Menancio-Hautea DI, Danesh D, Young ND (1992) Evidence for orthologous seed weight genes in cowpea and mung bean based on RFLP mapping. Genetics 132(3):841–846

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Franklin G, Pius PK, Ignacimuthu S (2000) Differential morphogenetic responses of cotyledonary explants of V. mungo. Biol Plant 43(1):157–160

    Google Scholar 

  • Fuller DQ, Harvey EL (2006) The archaeobotany of Indian pulses: identification, processing and evidence for cultivation. Environ Archaeol 11(2):219–246

    Google Scholar 

  • Geetha N, Rao GR (1997) Growth, proline accumulation and ion contents of NaCl-tolerant and sensitive callus lines of black gram [V. mungo (L.) Hepper]. Adv Plant Sci 10:137–144

    Google Scholar 

  • Geetha M, Sastry VM, Rao GR (1995) Selection and characterization of peg-tolerant callus lines of V. mungo (L.) Hepper. Crop Improv-India 22:11–18

    Google Scholar 

  • Geetha N, Venkatachalu P, Rao GR (1996) In vitro selection and characterization of PEG tolerant callus lines of V. mungo (L) Hepper. Curr Agric 20:77–82

    Google Scholar 

  • Gupta SK, Gopalakrishna T (2009) Genetic diversity analysis in blackgram (V. mungo (L.) Hepper) using AFLP and transferable microsatellite markers from azuki bean (Vigna angularis (Willd.) Ohwi & Ohashi). Genome 52(2):120–129

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gupta SK, Gopalakrishna T (2010) Development of unigene-derived SSR markers in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) and their transferability to other Vigna species. Genome 53(7):508–523

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gupta S, Kumar S, Singh RA, Chandra S (2005) Identification of a single dominant gene for resistance to Mungbean Yellow Mosaic Virus in blackgram (V. mungo (L.) Hepper). SABRAO J Breed Genet 37(2):85–89

    Google Scholar 

  • Gupta S, Gupta DS, Anjum TK, Pratap A, Kumar J (2013) Inheritance and molecular tagging of MYMIV resistance gene in blackgram (V. mungo L. Hepper). Euphytica 193(1):27–37

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ignacimuthu S, Franklin G, Melchias G (1997) Multiple shoot formation and in vitro fruiting from cotyledonary nodes of V. mungo (L.) Hepper. Curr Sci 73(9):733–735

    Google Scholar 

  • Iqbal SM, Ghafoor A, Zubair M (1991) Reaction of urdbean cultivars against leaf crinkle virus disease. J Agric Res 29(13):411–415

    Google Scholar 

  • Jaaska V, Jaaska V (1989) Isoenzyme differentiation between Asian beans Vigna radiata and V. mungo. Biochem Physiol Pflanz 185(1–2):41–53

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jain AK, Yadava HS (1994) Stability of resistance to important foliar diseases and seed yield in blackgram. Adv Plant Sci 7:46–53

    Google Scholar 

  • Jana MK (1962) X-ray induced mutants of Phaseolus mungo L. 2. Sterility and vital mutants. Genetica Iberica, 14:71–104

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaewwongwal A, Kongjaimun A, Somta P, Chankaew S, Yimram T, Srinives P (2015) Genetic diversity of the black gram [V. mungo (L.) Hepper] gene pool as revealed by SSR markers. Breed Sci 65(2):127–137

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Karthikeyan AS, Sarma KS, Veluthambi K (1996 Jan 1) Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of V. mungo (L.) Hepper. Plant Cell Rep 15(5):328–331

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kaushal RP, Singh BM (1991) Heritability of resistance in urdbean to leaf spots caused by Cercospora canescens. Indian Phytopathology 44(1):131–132

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaushal RP, Singh BM (1988a) Inheritance of disease resistance in blackgram (V. mungo) to mungbean yellow mosaic virus. Indian J Agri Sci 58(2):123–124

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaushal RP, Singh BM (1988b) Genetics of disease resistance in urdbean (V. mungo (L.) Hepper) to the leaf spots caused by Colletotrichum truncatum (Schw.) Andrus & Moore. Euphytica 37:279–281. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00015124

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaushal RP, Singh BM (1989) Genetics of resistance in blackgram (Phaseolus mungo) to powdery mildew caused by erysiphe-polygoni. Indian J Agric Sci 59(10):684–685

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaushal RP, Kaushal B, Rashmi N, Vaid A, Singh BM (1997) Induction of callus cultures and regeneration of Somaclones from different explants of Urdbean [V. mungo (L.) Hepper] and their evaluation for resistance to Cercospora canescens. Pro-Indian Nat Sci Acad PART B 63:359–367

    Google Scholar 

  • Krishnaiah VV, Venkateshwarlu P, Prasad MMKD, Rao YH (1978) A new strain if blackgram resistant to powdery mildew (Erysiphe polygoni). Trop Grain Legume Bullet 13-14:28–29

    Google Scholar 

  • Kumar S, Gupta S, Datta S, Singh B, Singh BB (2012) Inheritance of protruded stigma in black gram [V. mungo (L.) Hepper]. Crop Sci 52(1):57–63

    Google Scholar 

  • Mane RB (2017) Performance of black gram (V. mungo(L.) Hepper) varieties in changing weather condition (Doctoral dissertation, Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani)

    Google Scholar 

  • Mato M, Ozeki Y, Itoh Y, Higeta D, Yoshitama K, Teramoto S, Aida R, Ishikura N, Shibata M (1998) Isolation and characterization of a cDNA clone of UDP-galactose: flavonoid 3-0-galactosyltransferase (UF3GaT) expressed in V. mungo seedlings. Plant Cell Physiol 39(11):1145–1155

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McLean DM (1941) Studies on Mosaic of Cowpeas, Vigna sinensis. Phytopathol 31(5)

    Google Scholar 

  • Muralidharan V, Rangasamy SR, Babu RC, Murugarajendran C, Rao YK (1990) Inheritance of fused leaflets nature in urdbean. Indian J Pulses Res 3(1):75–76

    Google Scholar 

  • Narasimhan R (1929) A preliminary note on a Fusarium parasitic on Bengal Gram (Cicer arietinum) Madras Department of Agriculture Year Book, pp. 5–11

    Google Scholar 

  • Nene YL, Kolte SJ (1972) Leaf crinkle. In: Nene YL (ed) A survey of viral diseases of pulse crops in Uttar Pradesh. GB Pant University of Agriculture and Technology. Research Bulletin. (4):109–134

    Google Scholar 

  • Okamoto T, Minamikawa T (1999) Molecular cloning and characterization of V. mungo processing enzyme 1 (VmPE-1), an asparaginyl endopeptidase possibly involved in post-translational processing of a vacuolar cysteine endopeptidase (SH-EP). Plant Mol Biol 39(1):63–73

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pal SS, Dhaliwal HS, Bains SS (1991) Inheritance of resistance to yellow mosaic virus in some Vigna species. Plant Breed 106:168–171

    Google Scholar 

  • Panotra N, Kumar A, Singh OP (2016) Effect of varieties and dates of sowing on growth parameters, yield attributes and yield of blackgram (V. mungo L.). Inter J Sci Env Technol 5(6):3821–3826

    Google Scholar 

  • ParmeshwaraNS and Setty TAS (1993) Blackgram cultivars for coastal Karnataka. Current research. University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 22:124–125

    Google Scholar 

  • Pathak GN (1961) Inheritance of hairy character on pods in black gram (Phaseolus mungo L.)

    Google Scholar 

  • Project Coordinator’s Report 2018–19, All Indian Co-ordinated Research Project of MULLaRP, ICAR-IIPR, Kanpur, India

    Google Scholar 

  • Puneglov JW (1968) Tropical crops: dicotyledons. Willey, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Rao YK (1999) Inheritance of new plant types in blackgram [V. mungo (L.) Hepper]

    Google Scholar 

  • Rao AS, Jana MK (1974) Alteration of seed characteristics in blackgram. Indian J Agric Sci 44:657–660

    Google Scholar 

  • Rao SA, Rao SP, Jana MK (1975) Induction of nondormant mutants in black gram. J Hered 66(6):388–389

    Google Scholar 

  • Rao YKS, Ramgasamy SRS, Muralidharan V, Chandrababu R (1989) Inheritance of multifoliate leaf in urdbean. In J Puls Res 2:166–168

    Google Scholar 

  • Rasul G, Ali A, Ulfat M (1989) Varietal resistance in pulses to mung dhora (Callosobruchus analis F.). J Agric Res 27(1):61–64

    Google Scholar 

  • Reddy KR, Singh DP (1995) Inheritance of resistance to mungbean yellow mosaic virus. Madras Agric J 88:199–201

    Google Scholar 

  • Reddy KS, Pawar SE, Bhatia CR (1994) Inheritance of powdery mildew (Erysiphe polygoni DC) resistance in mungbean (Vignaradiata L. Wilczek). Theor Appl Genet 88(8):945–948

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Santosh CP (2016) Inheritance of powdery mildew resistance, grain yield and yield components in blackgram (Vigna mungo L. Hepper). M.Sc. Thesis, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, India

    Google Scholar 

  • Schrire BD, Lavin MA, Lewis GP (2005) Global distribution patterns of the Leguminosae: insights from recent phylogenies. Biologiske skrifter 55:375–422

    Google Scholar 

  • Selvi R, Muthiah AR, Manivannan N, Raveendran TS, Manickam A, Samiyappan R (2006) Tagging of RAPD marker for MYMV resistance in mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek). Asian J Plant Sci 5(2):277–280

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sen NK, Jana MK (1964) Genetics of black gram (Phaseolus mungo L.). Genetica 34(1):46–57

    Google Scholar 

  • Sen NK, Murty AS (1960 Dec) Inheritance of seed weight in green gram (Phaseolusaureus Roxb). Genetics 45(12):1559

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Singh DP (1981) Breeding for resistance to diseases in greengram and blackgram. Theor Appl Genet 59(1):1

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Singh BV, Ahuja MR (1977) Phaseolus sublobatus Roxb: a source of resistance to yellow mosaic virus for cultivated mung [Phaseolus aureus, India]. Indian J Genet Plant Breed

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh KB, Singh JK (1971) Inheritance of leaf shape in black gram (Phaseolus mungo L.). Sci Cult 37:583

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh S, Bisht IS, Dabas BS (1987) Screening of urdbean germplasmfor field resistance toyellowmosaic virus. Indian Journal of Mycology and Pathology, 17:216–217

    Google Scholar 

  • Sirohi A, Singh A (1998) Inheritance of hairy character on pods in black gam. CropImprovement-India 25(2):246

    Google Scholar 

  • Sivaprakash K, Prashanth S, Mohanty B, Parida A (2004) Genetic diversity of black gram (V. mungo) landraces as evaluated by amplified fragment length polymorphism markers. Curr Sci 86(10):1411–1416

    Google Scholar 

  • Smartt J (1985) Evolution of grain legumes. III. Pulses in the genus Vigna. Exp Agric 21(2):87–100

    Google Scholar 

  • Smartt J (1990) Grain legumes: evolution and genetic resources. Cambridge University Press, UK

    Google Scholar 

  • Somta P, Seehalak W, Srinives P (2009 Dec 1) Development, characterization and cross-species amplification of mungbean (Vigna radiata) genic microsatellite markers. Conserv Genet 10(6):1939

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Souframanien J, Gopalakrishna T (2004) A comparative analysis of genetic diversity in blackgram genotypes using RAPD and ISSR markers. Theor Appl Genet 109(8):1687–1693

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Souframanien J, Gopalakrishna T (2006) ISSR and SCAR markers linked to the mungbean yellow mosaic virus (MYMV) resistance gene in blackgram [V. mungo (L.) Hepper]. Plant Breed 125(6):619–622

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Souframanien J, Gopalakrishna T (2009) Cross-species amplification of microsatellite loci and diversity analyses in blackgram. J Food Legum 22(1):11–17

    Google Scholar 

  • Souframanien J, Reddy KS (2015) De novo assembly, characterization of immature seed transcriptome and development of genic-SSR markers in black gram [V. mungo (L.) Hepper]. PLoS One 10(6):e0128748. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0128748

  • Souframanien J, Gupta SK, Gopalakrishna T (2010) Identification of quantitative trait loci for bruchid (Callosobruchus maculatus) resistance in black gram [V. mungo (L.) Hepper]. Euphytica 176(3):349–356

    Google Scholar 

  • Thomos KM (1937) Administrative report of the government, mycologist, Madras for the year, 1936–1937, 1–37

    Google Scholar 

  • Thakur MP, Agrawal KC (1995) Epidemiological studies on powdery mildew of mungbean and urdbean. International Journal of Pest Management, 41(3):146–153

    Google Scholar 

  • Tun YT, Yamaguchi H (2007) Phylogenetic relationship of wild and cultivated Vigna (subgenus Ceratotropis, Fabaceae) from Myanmar based on sequence variations in non-coding regions of trnT-F. Breed Sci 57(4):271–280

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Varma A, Malathi VG (2003) Emerging geminivirus problems: a serious threat to crop production. Ann Appl Biol 142(2):145–164

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Verma SN (1971) Genetic studies in black gram (Phaseolus mungo L.).

    Google Scholar 

  • Verma RP, Singh DP (1986) The allelic relationship of genes giving resistance to mungbean yellow mosaic virus in blackgram. Theor Appl Genet 72(6):737–738

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zukovskij PM (1962) Cultivated plants and their wild relatives. Commonwealth Agriculture Bureau, London

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research (IIPR), Kanpur, UP, India

    Debjyoti Sen Gupta, Jitendra Kumar, Ashok Kumar Parihar & Sanjeev Gupta

Authors
  1. Debjyoti Sen Gupta
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Jitendra Kumar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Ashok Kumar Parihar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Sanjeev Gupta
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Former Director of Research, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India

    Satbir Singh Gosal

  2. Mountain Research Centre for Field Crops, SKUAST-Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu, Kashmir, India

    Shabir Hussain Wani

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Gupta, D.S., Kumar, J., Parihar, A.K., Gupta, S. (2020). Breeding for High-Yielding and Disease-Resistant Urdbean Cultivars. In: Gosal, S.S., Wani, S.H. (eds) Accelerated Plant Breeding, Volume 3. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-47306-8_6

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation