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Translational Genomics and Breeding in Soybean

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Accelerated Plant Breeding, Volume 3

Abstract

Soybean is an economically important leguminous crop possessing most economical source of protein in the world with carbon opportunity cost of 17 kg CO2 equivalent/kg of protein. Development of varieties suited to different cropping systems by manipulating flowering and maturity duration and resistant to various diseases by introgression of disease resistance genes from donors showing resistance to particular disease at hot spots or under artificial conditions, improving oil quality by manipulating fatty acid composition, improving flavour and fragrance by genetic removal of lipoxygenase isozymes responsible for off-flavour and introgression of dysfunctional alleles of GmBADH2 (Glycine max betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase 2) leading to elevation of a fragrant volatile compound 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2AP) biosynthesis and genetic elimination of anti-nutrients by introgression of null allele of Kunitz trypsin inhibitor (KTI) responsible for poor digestibility of soya protein and dysfunctional alleles of genes involved in biosynthesis pathway of phytic acid responsible for reduced availability of essential minerals are the major goals in genetic improvement of soybean. Traditional plant breeders have used conventional breeding approaches for genetic improvement of these traits in soybean with limited success and speed. Molecular markers have proved to be a new tool in soybean breeding by enhancing selection efficiency in a rapid and time-bound manner. Marker-assisted selection (MAS) has been arguably the most important plant breeding tool developed in the last 20 years. Marker-assisted selection increases the heritability of selectable traits and increases the rate of genetic gain, by decreasing the variance of the selected trait. The ability to select only lines with a desired trait phenotype promotes a more efficient use of plant breeding resources. Genetic markers have been developed for many commercially important traits and are being used in soybean breeding programmes. Translational genomic approaches by using available genetic information in the form of gene sequences and molecular markers linked to desirable traits have greatly accelerated the development of soybean varieties with desirable flowering and maturity duration suited to different cropping systems, disease resistance, improved oil quality with better oxidative stability and reduced phytic acid in its seeds.

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  1. ICAR-Indian Institute of Soybean Research, Indore, India

    Anita Rani & Vineet Kumar

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  1. Former Director of Research, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India

    Satbir Singh Gosal

  2. Mountain Research Centre for Field Crops, SKUAST-Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu, Kashmir, India

    Shabir Hussain Wani

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Rani, A., Kumar, V. (2020). Translational Genomics and Breeding in Soybean. In: Gosal, S.S., Wani, S.H. (eds) Accelerated Plant Breeding, Volume 3. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-47306-8_11

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