Skip to main content

Internationalization Through Language and Literacy in the Spanish- and English-Medium Education Context

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Integrating Content and Language in Multilingual Universities

Part of the book series: Educational Linguistics ((EDUL,volume 44))

Abstract

In light of the growing internationalization of higher education (HE), the Spanish higher education space is adopting a series of strategic plans to enhance the quality of education and research and to better address the educational needs of students and society. One of the main drivers underpinning these strategic policies is language. Spain seeks to strengthen the international profile of its HE system by promoting English medium education (EME) – an added value to its already consolidated Spanish medium programs. Although at policy level, equating EME with internationalization is a likely effective measure, the reality at classroom level is not without its challenges. Lecturers for whom English is an foreign language (FL) are often unaware of the specific linguistic skills necessary for them to cope with the communicative demands of the EME classroom (e.g., constructing disciplinary knowledge and interacting with their also non-native English-speaking students). This chapter describes and reflects on the role of language in the Spanish EME context and the importance of teacher talk in the development and learning of disciplinary literacy and epistemology at university level.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    Instituto Cervantes (IC) is a Spanish public organisation set up in 1991 by the Government of Spain, and whose two main objectives are promotion and teaching of the Spanish language, and dissemination of the Spanish and Latin American culture.

  2. 2.

    Including English, Spanish, the co-official languages of the Spanish territory, and other foreign languages.

  3. 3.

    Although the role of administration personnel in the internationalization of UCM is crucial, the analysis of their agency falls out of the scope of this chapter. Check out the framework document by Bazo et al. in 2017 for further details on the CRUE’s recommendations for this university group.

  4. 4.

    Asociación de Centros de Lenguas en la Enseñanza Superior (ACLES), that is, Association of Language Centres in Higher Education.

References

  • Airey, J. (2012). I don’t teach language. The linguistic attitudes of physics lecturers in Sweden. AILA Review, 25, 64–79.

    Google Scholar 

  • Asociación de Centros de Lenguas en la Enseñanza Superior. (2014). CertAcles: ACLES. Model for the accreditation of language competence. Salamanca: Integrated Digital editions. Retrieved March 11, 2019, from https://www.acles.es/files/model-accreditation-language-competence.pdf

  • Ball, P., & Lindsay, D. (2013). Language demands and support for English-medium instruction in tertiary education: Learning from a specific context. In A. Doiz, D. Lasagabaster, & J. M. Sierra (Eds.), English-medium instruction at universities: Global challenges (pp. 44–64). Bristol, UK: Multilingual Matters.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bazo, P., Centellas, A., Dafouz. E., Fernández, A., González, D., & Pavón, V. (2017). Documento marco de política lingüística para la internacionalización del sistema universitario español [Framework document for linguistic policy for the internationalization of the Spanish university system]. CRUE Universidades Españolas.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beelen, J., & Jones, E. (2015). Redefining internationalization at home. In A. Curaj, L. Matei, R. Pricopie, J. Salmi, & P. Scott (Eds.), The European higher education area (pp. 59–72). Cham, Switzerland: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Björkman, B. (2010). So you think you can ELF: English as a lingua franca as the medium of instruction. Hermes: Journal of Language and Communication Studies, 45, 77–96.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cammarata, L., & Tedick, D. (2012). Balancing content and language in instruction: The experience of immersion teachers. The Modern Language Journal, 96, 251–269.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chang, Y. (2012). The use of questions by lecturers in lectures given in English: Influences of disciplinary cultures. English for Specific Purposes, 31, 103–116.

    Google Scholar 

  • Coyle, D., Hood, P., & Marsh, D. (2010). Content and language integrated learning. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Coyle, D. (2010). Foreword. In D. Lasagabaster & Y. de Zarob (Eds.), CLIL in Spain: Implementation, results and teacher training (pp. vii–viii). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Scholars Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Crawford Camiciottoli, B. (2004). Interactive discourse structuring in L2 guest lectures: Some insights from a comparative corpus-based study. Journal of English for Academic Purposes, 3, 39–54.

    Google Scholar 

  • Crawford Camiciottoli, B. (2007). The language of business studies lectures: A corpus-assisted analysis. Amsterdam, The Netherlands/Philadelphia, PA: John Benjamins.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dafouz, E. (2017). English-medium instruction in multilingual university settings. An opportunity for developing language awareness. In P. Garrett & J. M. Cots (Eds.), The Routledge Handbook of language awareness (pp. 170–185). Abingdon, UK: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dafouz, E. (2018). English-medium instruction and teacher education programmes in higher education: Ideological forces and imagined identities at work. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 21(5), 540–552.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dafouz, E., Camacho, M., & Urquía, E. (2014). Surely they can’t do as well: A comparison of business students’ academic performance in English-medium and Spanish-as-first-language-medium programmes. Language and Education, 28(3), 223–236.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dafouz, E., & Guerrini, M. (2009). CLIL across educational levels: Experiences from primary, secondary and tertiary contexts. Madrid, Spain: Richmond Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dafouz, E., & Núñez, B. (2010). Metadiscursive devices in university lectures: A contrastive analysis of L1 and L2 learner performance. In C. Dalton-Puffer, T. Nikula, & U. Smit (Eds.), Language use and language learning in CLIL classrooms (pp. 213–232). Amsterdam, The Netherlands: John Benjamins.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dafouz Milne, E., & Sánchez-García, D. (2013). Does everybody understand? Teacher questions across disciplines in English-medium university lectures: An exploratory study. Language Value, 5(1), 129–151. https://doi.org/10.6035/LanguageV.2012.5.7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dalton-Puffer, C. (2007). Discourse in content and language integrated learning (CLIL). Amsterdam, The Netherlands: John Benjamins.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dalton-Puffer, C., & Smit, U. (2013). Content and language integrated learning: A research agenda. Language Teaching, 46, 545–559.

    Google Scholar 

  • de Wit, H., Hunter, F., Howard, L., & Egron-Polak, E. (2015). Internationalization of higher education. Study requested by the European Parliament’s committee on culture and education. Retrieved February 23, 2019, from http://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2015/540370/IPOL_STU(2015)540370_EN.pdf

  • Delicado, G., & Pavón, V. (2015). La implantación de titulaciones bilingües en la educación superior: el caso de la formación didáctica del profesorado bilingüe de primaria en la Universidad de Extremadura. Educación y Futuro, 32, 35–64.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dimova, S., Hultgren, A. K., & Jensen, C. (2015). English-medium instruction in European higher education. Berlin, Germany: De Gruyter Mouton.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dimova, S., & Kling, J. (2018). Assessing English-medium instruction lecturer language proficiency across disciplines. TESOL Quarterly, 52(3), 634–656.

    Google Scholar 

  • Doiz, A., Lasagabaster, D., & Sierra, J. M. (2011). Internationalization, multilingualism and English-medium instruction. World Englishes, 30(3), 345–359.

    Google Scholar 

  • Doiz, A., Lasagabaster, D., & Sierra, J. M. (2013). English-medium instruction at universities: Global challenges. Bristol, UK: Multilingual Matters.

    Google Scholar 

  • Egron-Polak, E., Howard, L., Wit, H., & Hunter, F. (2016). Internationalisation of higher education. Directorate-General for Internal Policies. European Parliament. https://doi.org/10.2861/444393

  • European Commission. (1995). Teaching and learning: Towards the learning society. Retrieved March 25, 2019, from http://europa.eu/documents/comm/white_papers/pdf/com95_590_en.pdf

  • Eurypedia. (2014). Spain – Overview. Retrieved March 16, 2019, from https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/fpfis/mwikis/eurydice/index.php/Spain:Overview

  • Evnitskaya, N. (2018). Classroom interaction and language learning in CLIL contexts. CLIL Journal of Innovation and Research in Plurilingual and Pluricultural Education, 1(1), 7–17. https://doi.org/10.5565/rev/clil.3

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fortanet-Gómez, I. (2013). CLIL in higher education: Towards a multilingual language policy. Bristol: Multilingual Matters.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gee, J. (2008). Social linguistics and literacies: Ideology in discourses (3rd ed.). New York, NY: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grosjean, F. (1999). Individual bilingualism. In R. Asher (Ed.), The encyclopedia of language and linguistics (pp. 1656–1660). Oxford, UK: Pergamon Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hudzik, J. K. (2011). Comprehensive internationalization: From concept to action. Washington, DC: NAFSA, The Association of International Educators.

    Google Scholar 

  • Instituto Cervantes. (2018). El español: Una lengua viva. Retrieved March 16, 2019, from https://cvc.cervantes.es/lengua/espanol_lengua_viva/pdf/espanol_lengua_viva_2018.pdf

  • Jocuns, A. (2012). Classroom discourse. In C. Chapelle (Ed.), The encyclopedia of applied linguistics (pp. 620–625). Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Julián-de-Vega, C. & Ávila-López. J. (2018). Políticas lingüísticas europeas y españolas: el camino hacia el cambio en la educación terciaria (pp. 17–30). Porta Linguarum, Monográfico III.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kling, J. (2016). Content teachers engaged in English-medium instruction in Denmark. In J. Crandall & M. A. Christison (Eds.), Global research on teacher education and professional development in TESOL (pp. 225–239). New York, NY: Routledge/Taylor & Francis Group.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kling, J., & Stæhr, L.S. (2012). The development of the Test of Oral English Proficiency for Academic Staff (TOEPAS) (Technical support). Copenhaguen, Denmark: Centre for Internationalization and Parallel Language Use, University of Copenhagen. Retrieved from https://cip.ku.dk/forskning/cip_publikationer/CIP_TOPEPAS_Technical_Report.pdf

  • Lantolf, J., & Poehner, M. (2014). Sociocultural theory and the pedagogical imperative in L2 education: Vygotskian praxis and the research/practice divide. New York, NY: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lave, J., & Wenger, E. (1991). Situated learning: Legitimate peripheral participation. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lin, A. (2013). Classroom code-switching: Three decades of research. Applied Linguistics Review, 4(1), 195–218.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lorenzo, F. (2007). The sociolinguistics of CLIL: Language planning and language change in 21st century Europe. RESLA, 1, 27–38.

    Google Scholar 

  • Love, K. (2009). Literacy pedagogical content knowledge in secondary teacher education: Reflecting on oral language and learning across the disciplines. Language and Education, 23(6), 541–560.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marsh, D. (2002). CLIL/EMILE – The European dimension: Actions, trends and foresight potential. Brussels: European Commission.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte (MECD). (2014). Estrategia para la internacionalización de las universidades españolas 2015–20120. Resumen Ejecutivo. Grupo de trabajo de internacionalización de universidades [Strategy for the internationalization of Spanish universities 2015–20120. Executive Summary. University Internationalization work group]. Retrieved March 16, 2019, from http://www.educacionyfp.gob.es/educacion-mecd/dms/mecd/educacion-mecd/areas-educacion/universidades/politica-internacional/estrategia-internacionalizacion/EstrategiaInternacionalizaci-n-Final.pdf

  • Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte (MECD). (2015). Estrategia para la internacionalización de las universidades españolas 2015–2020 [Strategy for the internationalization of Spanish universities 2015–2020]. Retrieved March 16, 2019, from https://sede.educacion.gob.es/publiventa/estrategia-para-la-internacionalizacion-de-las-universidades-espanolas-2015-2020/universidad/21475

  • Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte (MECD). 2016. Datos y cifras del sistema universitario español. Curso 2015–2016 [Dates and figures of the Spanish university system. Academic courses 2015–2016]. Retrieved March 16, 2019, from http://www.educacionyfp.gob.es/dms/mecd/servicios-al-ciudadano-mecd/estadisticas/educacion/universitaria/datos-cifras/datos-y-cifras-SUE-2015-16-web-.pdf

  • Morell, T. (2007). What enhances EFL students’ participation in lecture discourse? Student, lecturer and discourse perspectives. Journal of English for Academic Purposes, 6(3), 222–237.

    Google Scholar 

  • NAFSA. (2014). NAFSA announces 2014 Simon Award recipients. Retrieved February 19, 2019, from http://www.nafsa.org/Explore_International_Education/For_The_Media/Press_Releas-es_And_Statements/NAFSA_Announces_2014_Simon_Award_Recipients/

  • Nilsson, B. (2003). Internationalisation at home from a Swedish perspective: The case of Malmö. Journal of Studies in International Education, 7(1), 27–40.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nunan, D. (1991). Language teaching methodology: A textbook for teachers. New York, NY: Prentice Hall International.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pavón, V., Hernández, C., Lorenzo, F, & Hengst, H. (2005). Borrador para la elaboración del currículo integrado plan to promote multilingualism [Draft for the development of the integrated curriculum] junta de Andalucía. Retrieved March 11, 2019, from http://www.juntadeandalucia.es/averroes/plurilinguismo/curriculo/borradorcil.pdf

  • Pearson, D., Moje, E., & Greenleaf, C. (2010). Literacy and science: Each in the service of the other. Science, 328(5977), 459–463.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ramos-García, A. M., & Pavón, V. (2018). The linguistic internationalization of higher education: A study on the presence of language policies and bilingual studies in Spanish universities (pp. 31–46). Porta Linguarum Monográfico III.

    Google Scholar 

  • Räsänen, A., & Klaassen, R. (2004). Academic competences in a multilingual learning environment. In R. Wilkinson (Ed.), Integrating content and language: Meeting the challenge of a multilingual higher education (pp. 565–570). Maastricht, The Netherlands: Universitaire Pers Maastricht.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sánchez-García, D. (2010). Classroom interaction in university settings: The case of questions in three disciplines (Unpublished master’s thesis). Madrid, Spain: Universidad Complutense de Madrid.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sánchez-García, D. (2016). A contrastive analysis of Spanish- and English-medium instruction in tertiary education: Teacher discourse strategies in a spoken corpus (Doctoral dissertation). Madrid, Spain: Universidad Complutense de Madrid.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sánchez-García, D. (2018). Teacher questioning: Exploring student interaction and cognitive engagement in Spanish and EMI university lectures (pp. 103–120). Porta Linguarum Monográfico III.

  • Sánchez-García, D. (2019). I can’t find the words now…: Teacher discourse strategies and their communicative potential in Spanish- and English-medium instruction in higher education. CLIL Journal of Innovation and Research in Plurilingual and Pluricultural Education, 2(2), 43–55.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sánchez-García, D. (2020). Mapping lecturer questions and their pedagogical goals in Spanish- and English-medium instruction. Journal of Immersion and Content-based Education, 8, 28–52.

    Google Scholar 

  • Servicio Español para la Internacionalización de la Educación (SEPIE). (2017). The internationalization of higher education in Spain. Retrieved February 10, 2019, from http://sepie.es/doc/comunicacion/publicaciones/SEPIE-ENG_internacionalizacion.pdf

  • Short, D. (2002). Language learning in sheltered social studies classes. TESOL Journal, 11, 18–24.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smit, U., & Dafouz, E. (2012). Integrating content and language in higher education: Gaining insights into English-medium instruction at European universities. AILA Review, 25(3), 1–12.

    Google Scholar 

  • Trent, J. (2010). Teacher identity construction across the curriculum: Promoting cross-curriculum collaboration in English-medium schools. Asia Pacific Journal of Education, 30(2), 167–183.

    Google Scholar 

  • Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM). (2016). Plan para la internacionalización de la docencia de la UCM [Plan to internationalize teaching at UCM]. Retrieved March 16, 2019, from https://www.ucm.es/data/cont/media/www/pag-75406/Plan%20para%20Internacionalizaci%C3%B3n%20Docencia%20UCM%202016%20Nuevo.pdf

  • Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM). (2018). Datos y cifras 2017–2018 [Dates and numbers 2017–2018]. Retrieved March 11, 2019, from https://www.ucm.es/data/cont/docs/3-2018-02-21-DATOS%20Y%20CIFRAS%202018-2019%20enero%202018.pdf

  • Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM). (2019a). Titulaciones en inglés [Qualifications in English]. https://www.ucm.es/pid/grados-1

  • Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM). (2019b). Plan para la internacionalización de la docencia [Plan for the internationalization of teaching]. Retrieved March 23, 2019, from https://www.ucm.es/pid/presentacion

  • Valdez, G., Bunch, G., Snow, C., & Lee, C. (2005). Enhacing the development of students’ language. In L. Darling-Hammond & J. Bransford (Eds.), Preparing teachers for a changing world (pp. 126–167). San Francisco, CA: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

UCM research group The Role of English in the Internationalization of Spanish Higher Education - https://clue-project.weebly.com/.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Davinia Sánchez-García .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Sánchez-García, D. (2020). Internationalization Through Language and Literacy in the Spanish- and English-Medium Education Context. In: Dimova, S., Kling, J. (eds) Integrating Content and Language in Multilingual Universities. Educational Linguistics, vol 44. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-46947-4_8

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-46947-4_8

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-46946-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-46947-4

  • eBook Packages: EducationEducation (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics