Abstract
Even though it is not recognized as such in the global economy in general, migration figures as one of the constitutive processes of globalization in today’s world (Sassen 1998, p. xxi). According to this reality, as McGrew (1992) argues, globalization concerns processes acting on a global scale, which go across the national boundaries by integrating and connecting communities and organizations in new combinations of space-time, turning the interconnected world into a reality and an experience widely intertwined. The new time and space features, resulting from compression of distances and time scales, encompass the most important aspects of globalization, exerting an effect on cultural identities. In this context, the understanding of time/space compression and identity is influenced by a multi-connected world, leading to the decentralization and the displacement of individuals, influencing the way they act, think, and communicate. The new pace of society is confirmed by Marques’ words:
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Notes
- 1.
In order to better understand the origins and developments of the New International Economic Order, see Golub (2013).
- 2.
In this sense, see also: Goldin et al. (2010, pp. 11–12).
- 3.
An in-depth analysis of both forced and voluntary migrations will be presented in Chap. 2 of the present work.
- 4.
It is important to note that we are not affirming that slave trade corresponds to an immigration movement to Brazil, as it is explained in Chap. 3 of this work.
- 5.
It is important to note that the flexibility of the job market, production restructuring, complete internationalization of national economies, and high interest rates imposed by the macro-economic adjustment according to IMF guidelines, among other factors, have contributed to the destruction of jobs and stagnation of the economy in developing countries such as Brazil, see: Pereira (2006, p. 87).
- 6.
According to the report released by the International Organization for Migration, there is a trend of increased migration flows from the European Union (EU) to Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) region. At the same time, there is a decrease in the movement of people in the other direction. In this regard, see: Organización Internacional para las Migraciones (2015). Also, a Eurocentric point of view towards migration makes one forget that “the largest migration flows currently take place within less developed global regions and within the area of the former Soviet Union” (Straubhaar 2015, p. 238).
- 7.
A recent inflow of Haitian nationals to Brazil is already considered to be the greatest migration wave to Brazil in the last 100 years and around 80 Haitians cross the Brazilian Amazon borders every day, see: Godoy (2011). Not to forget the recent Venezuelan influx into Brazil, which is also mentioned in the course of this study.
- 8.
The use of the of first-person plural pronouns in this work intends to evoke a sense of commonality and rapport between the writer and the reader.
- 9.
We have decided to refer to the Southern Common Market with the abbreviation MERCOSUL (Mercado Comum do Sul), once, in the present work, the Portuguese version of the name of the common market shall prevail rather than the Spanish one (Mercado Común del Sur—MERCOSUR).
- 10.
This cut-off is substantiated in Sect. 2.1 of this book. Despite this methodological cut-off, it is fundamental to understand the differences between voluntary and forced migration, so that it can be possible to rethink both migration concepts, as we will see in the next chapter.
- 11.
In the context of the present work, this relates to the comparison of national—and supranational—legal systems, putting aside the academic discussions on whether comparative law should be considered as a science or as a mere method of study and research (or only even a technique). For both sides of this discussion, see: Örücü (2007, p. 62). Jürgen Basedown, for instance, considers comparative law as a method, not as a science, see: Basedow (2014).
- 12.
- 13.
The comparison of national legal systems is the most common geographical level of comparison, according to Van Hoeckel (2015, p. 3).
- 14.
Considering that Comparative Law has, as one of its goals, the improvement of one’s own legal system, as systematically summarized in Van Hoeckel (2015, pp. 2–3).
- 15.
It is situating the object of study in comparative work that the legal scholar can innovate in his/her research, if he/she considers “a more diverse array of countries and legal systems, devoting more attention to the causes and consequences of different national and regional approaches, and drawing on social sciences methods”, see: Roberts et al. (2015, p. 474). These thoughts are also brought by Peter Häberle (1992, pp. 1034–1035), when he affirms that, because the world moves together, different nations and countries share the same problems and, therefore, it is more likely that these problems could be solved in the same way around the globe. In this context, the acquisition from (at a first moment) foreign legal and cultural elements (Rezeption) might serve for the solution of a problem of a specific legal order.
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Lana de Freitas Castro, E. (2020). Introduction. In: Transnational Law of Human Mobility. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-46608-4_1
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