Skip to main content

Anesthesia for DCD Liver Transplantation

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
  • 261 Accesses

Abstract

Since the advent of liver transplantation, optimal anesthesia care is necessary for positive perioperative outcomes. In the context of liver transplantation using grafts from donation after circulatory death (DCD) donors, the anesthesiologist must understand the pathophysiology of these grafts and their predisposition to an increased incidence of intraoperative events such as post-reperfusion syndrome, which can affect both short- and long-term outcomes. Although there is minimal research in this area, it generally supports that DCD grafts result in a higher incidence of intraoperative instability. Anesthesiologists should be aware of these implications and prepare accordingly for these cases, with considerations for advanced monitoring and alternative therapies for vasoplegia and cardiopulmonary collapse.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   89.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Mandell MS, Pomfret EA, Steadman R, et al. Director of anesthesiology for liver transplantation: existing practices and recommendations by the United Network for Organ Sharing. Liver Transpl. 2013;19:425–30.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Mandell MS. Anesthesia for liver transplantation: is this generalist or specialist care? Liver Transpl Surg. 1999;5:345–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Hevesi ZG, Lopukhin SY, Mezrich JD, Andrei AC, Lee M. Designated liver transplant anesthesia team reduces blood transfusion, need for mechanical ventilation, and duration of intensive care. Liver Transpl. 2009;15:460–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Walia A, Mandell MS, Mercaldo N. Anesthesia for liver transplantation in US academic centers: institutional structure and perioperative care. Liver Transpl. 2012;18:737–43.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Hofer I, Spivack J, Yaport M, et al. Association between anesthesiologist experience and mortality after orthotopic liver transplantation. Liver Transpl. 2015;21:89–95.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Bezinover D, Dirkmann D, Findlay J, Guta C, Hartmann M, Nicolau-Raducu R, Mukhtar AM, Moguilevitch M, Pivalizza E, Rosenfeld D, Saner F. Perioperative coagulation management in liver transplant recipients. Transplantation. 2018;102(4):578–92.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Mandell MS, Lezotte D, Kam I, Zamudio S. Reduced use of intensive care after liver transplantation: influence of early extubation. Liver Transpl. 2002;8:676–81.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Taner CB, Willingham DL, Bulatao I, et al. Is a mandatory intensive care unit stay needed after liver transplantation? Feasibility of fast-tracking to the surgical ward after liver transplantation. Liver Transpl. 2012;18:361–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Chadha RM, Crouch C, Zerillo J, Pretto Jr EA, Planinsic R, Kim S, Nicolau-Raducu R, Adelmann D, Elia E, Wray CL, Srinivas C. Society for the Advancement of Transplant Anesthesia: liver transplant anesthesia fellowship—white paper advocating measurable proficiency in transplant specialties training. In seminars in cardiothoracic and vascular anesthesia 2017 Dec (Vol. 21, no. 4, pp. 352-356). Los Angeles: SAGE Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Nguyen-Buckley C, Wray CL, Zerillo J, Gilliland S, Aniskevich S, Nicolau-Raducu R, Planinsic R, Srinivas C, Pretto Jr EA, Mandell MS, Chadha RM. Recommendations from the Society for the Advancement of Transplant Anesthesiology: liver transplant anesthesiology fellowship core competencies and milestones. In seminars in cardiothoracic and vascular anesthesia 2019 Aug 12 (p. 1089253219868918). Los Angeles: SAGE Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Kootstra G, Daemen JH, Oomen AP, et al. Categories of nonheart-beating donors. Transplant Proc. 1995;27:2893–4.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Department of Health. Organ Donation after Circulatory Death. Report of a consensus meeting. Intensive Care Society, NHS Blood and Transplant, and British Transplantation Society, 2010. Available from http://www.ics.ac.uk/intensive_care_professional/standards_and_guidelines/dcd.

  13. Hilmi I, Horton CN, Planinsic RM, et al. The impact of postreperfusion syndrome on short-term patient and liver allograft outcome in patients undergoing orthotopic liver transplantation. Liver Transpl. 2008;14:504–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Manning MW, Kumar PA, Maheshwari K, Arora H. Post-reperfusion syndrome in liver transplantation—an overview. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2020;34:501.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Fiegel M, Cheng S, Zimmerman M, et al. Postreperfusion syndrome during liver transplantation. Semin Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2012;16:106–13.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Bezinover D, Kadry Z, McCullough P, et al. Release of cytokines and hemodynamic instability during the reperfusion of a liver graft. Liver Transpl. 2011;17:324–30.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Nastos C, Kalimeris K, Papoutsidakis N, et al. Global consequences of liver ischemia/reperfusion injury. Oxidative Med Cell Longev. 2014;2014:906–65.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Filos KS, Kirkilesis I, Spiliopoulou I, et al. Bacterial translocation, endotoxaemia and apoptosis following Pringle manoeuvre in rats. Injury. 2004;35:35–43.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Siniscalchi A, Gamberini L, Bardi T, et al. Post-reperfusion syndrome during orthotopic liver transplantation, which definition best predicts postoperative graft failure and recipient mortality? J Crit Care. 2017;41:156–60.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Paugam-Burtz C, Kavafyan J, Merckx P, et al. Postreperfusion syndrome during liver transplantation for cirrhosis: outcome and predictors. Liver Transpl. 2009;15:522–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. O’Riordan A, Wong V, McQuillan R, et al. Acute renal disease, as defined by the RIFLE criteria, post liver transplantation. Am J Transplant. 2007;7:168–76.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Wei Y, Zhang L, Lin H, et al. Factors related to post-liver transplantation acute renal failure. Transplant Proc. 2006;38:2982–4.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Jeong SM. Postreperfusion syndrome during liver transplantation. Korean J Anesthesiol. 2015;68:527–39.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  24. Croome KP, Lee DD, Croome S, Chadha R, Livingston D, Abader P, Keaveny AP, Taner CB. The impact of postreperfusion syndrome during liver transplantation using livers with significant macrosteatosis. Am J Transplant. 2019;19(9):2550–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Blasi A, Hessheimer AJ, Beltrán J, Pereira A, Fernández J, Balust J, Martínez-Palli G, Fuster J, Navasa M, García-Valdecasas JC, Taurá P. Liver transplant from unexpected donation after circulatory determination of death donors: a challenge in perioperative management. Am J Transplant. 2016;16(6):1901–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Xia VW, Ghobrial RM, Du B, Chen T, Hu KQ, Hiatt JR, Busuttil RW, Steadman RH. Predictors of hyperkalemia in the prereperfusion, early postreperfusion, and late postreperfusion periods during adult liver transplantation. Anesth Analg. 2007;105(3):780–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Pan X, Apinyachon W, Xia W, Hong JC, Busuttil RW, Steadman RH, Xia VW. Perioperative complications in liver transplantation using donation after cardiac death grafts: a propensity-matched study. Liver Transpl. 2014;20(7):823–30.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Chadha R, Croome K, Aniskevich S, Pai SL, Nguyen J, Burns J, Perry D, Taner C. Intraoperative events in liver transplantation using donation after cardiac death grafts. Liver Transpl. 2019;25(12):1833–40.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Wagener G, editor. Liver anesthesiology and critical care medicine. Cham: Springer; 2018.

    Google Scholar 

  30. Markin NW, Ringenberg KJ, Kassel CA, Walcutt CR, Chacon MM. Clinical update in liver transplantation. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2019;33:3239.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Zerillo J, Hill B, Kim S, DeMaria S, Mandell MS. Use, training, and opinions about effectiveness of transesophageal echocardiography in adult liver transplantation among anesthesiologists in the United States. Semin Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2018;22(2):137–45.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Pai SL, Aniskevich S, Feinglass NG, et al. Complications related to intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography in liver transplantation. Springer Plus. 2015;4:480.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  33. Burger-Klepp U, Karatosic R, Thum M, et al. Transesophageal echocardiography during orthotopic liver transplantation in patients with esophagogastric varices. Transplantation. 2012;94:192–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Isaak RS, Kumar PA, Arora H. PRO: transesophageal echocardiography should be routinely used for all liver transplant surgeries. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2017;31:2282–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Dalia AA, Flores A, Chitilian H, et al. A comprehensive review of transesophageal echocardiography during orthotopic liver transplantation. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2018;32:1815–24.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Kirov MY, Evgenov OV, Evgenov NV, et al. Infusion of methylene blue in human septic shock: a pilot, randomized, controlled study. Crit Care Med. 2001;29:1860–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Koelzow H, Gedney JA, Baumann J, et al. The effect of methylene blue on the hemodynamic changes during ischemia reperfusion injury in orthotopic liver transplantation. Anesth Analg. 2002;94:824–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Cheng SS, Berman GW, Merritt GR, et al. The response to methylene blue in patients with severe hypotension during liver transplantation. J Clin Anesth. 2012;24:324–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Boettcher BT, Woehlck HJ, Reck SE, Hong JC, Zimmerman MA, Kim J, Zundel MT, Freed JK, Pagel PS. Treatment of vasoplegic syndrome with intravenous hydroxocobalamin during liver transplantation. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2017;31(4):1381–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Sakpal SV, Reedstrom H, Ness C, Klinkhammer T, Saucedo-Crespo H, Auvenshine C, Santella RN, Steers J. High-dose hydroxocobalamin in end-stage liver disease and liver transplantation. Drugs Ther Perspect. 2019;35:442.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  41. Braun HJ, Pulcrano ME, Weber DJ, Padilla BE, Ascher NL. The utility of ECMO after liver transplantation: experience at a high-volume transplant center and review of the literature. Transplantation. 2019;103(8):1568–73.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ryan M. Chadha .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Chadha, R.M., Aniskevich, S. (2020). Anesthesia for DCD Liver Transplantation. In: Croome, K., Muiesan, P., Taner, C. (eds) Donation after Circulatory Death (DCD) Liver Transplantation. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-46470-7_18

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-46470-7_18

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-46469-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-46470-7

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics