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Eye Sight and Carotenoids

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Carotenoids: Structure and Function in the Human Body

Abstract

Three carotenoids: zeaxanthin, meso-zeaxanthin and lutein uniquely concentrates into the human macula. Green leafy vegetables, orange and yellow fruits are the sources of zeaxanthin and lutein while meso-zeaxanthin is believed to be formed by ingested carotenoids metabolic transformation in macula. Large scale clinical trials and epidemiological studies have proved the positive association with ocular health and consumption of carotenoids through diets or supplements but little intake of carotenoids in developing countries is a matter of concern where deficiency leads to high eye disease and mortality rates. This chapter may serve as gestalt of food sources of carotenoids and role of carotenoids in vision & abnormalities of carotenoids. In this chapter, we first examine location of different carotenoids in different sections of internal macula, advantages of polyene chain, the chemistry, biochemistry, pharmacokinetics, interaction of carotenoids with other nutrients or drugs, commercially available synthetic carotenoids for eye protection and vision abnormalities with reference to carotenoid imbalance. Next, we turn to carotenoids as translational medicines and its role from infancy to old age and role of other carotenoids in visual cycle.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biochemistry, Govt. College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan

    Shagufta Kamal, Muhammad Junaid & Arslan Ejaz

  2. Department of Chemistry, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan

    Ismat Bibi

  3. Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Brasov, Brașov, Romania

    Nicu Bigiu

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  1. Shagufta Kamal
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  2. Muhammad Junaid
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  3. Arslan Ejaz
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Correspondence to Shagufta Kamal .

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  1. Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan

    Muhammad Zia-Ul-Haq

  2. Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India

    Saikat Dewanjee

  3. Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Sheringal Dir Upper, Pakistan

    Muhammad Riaz

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Kamal, S., Junaid, M., Ejaz, A., Bibi, I., Bigiu, N. (2021). Eye Sight and Carotenoids. In: Zia-Ul-Haq, M., Dewanjee, S., Riaz, M. (eds) Carotenoids: Structure and Function in the Human Body. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-46459-2_19

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