Skip to main content

Abstract

Within the context of typical development, it is not unusual for a child to show a slight delay in reaching a developmental milestone. Healthcare providers and parents may adopt a wait-and-see approach for some delays with little consequence to the child’s outcome. In the case of early signs of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) that often manifest as developmental delays, however, acting early to evaluate the child’s development and provide early intervention is key to better outcomes. Early identification is defined as having a comprehensive developmental evaluation of possible ASD symptoms no later than age 3, but a growing body of research has shown identification can be accurate and stable at younger ages. Navigating the differences between minor delays and signs of ASD is best conducted by combining forces between parents and health or other early childhood care providers using both ASD screening and developmental surveillance. This chapter outlines guidelines and resources for both screening and surveillance from professional organizations, ASD researchers, and healthcare agencies.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 229.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 299.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 299.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Allaby, M., & Sharma, M. (2011). Screening for autism spectrum disorders in children below the age of 5 years. United Kingdom: UK National Screening Committee.

    Google Scholar 

  • Allen, C. W., Silove, N., Williams, K., & Hutchins, P. (2007). Validity of the social communication questionnaire in assessing risk of autism in preschool children with developmental problems. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 37(7), 1272–1278.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Al-Qabandi, M., Gorter, J. W., & Rosenbaum, P. (2011). Early autism detection: Are we ready for routine screening? Pediatrics, 128(1), e211–e217.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • American Academy of Pediatrics. (2019). Bright futures/AAP recommendations for preventive pediatric health care (periodicity schedule). Retrieved from https://www.aap.org/en-us/Documents/periodicity_schedule.pdf.

  • American Psychiatric Association (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, Fifth edition. Author.

    Google Scholar 

  • Austin, J., Manning-Courtney, P., Johnson, M., Weber, R., Johnson, H., Murray, D., et al. (2016). Improving access to care at autism treatment centers: A system analysis approach. Pediatrics, 137(Supplement 2), S149–S157.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Autism Navigator, LLC. (2019) Autism Navigator®. Retrieved from https://autismnavigator.com/

  • Baio, J., Wiggins, L., Christensen, D. L., Maenner, M. J., Daniels, J., Warren, Z., … Dowling, N. F. (2018). Prevalence of autism spectrum disorder among children aged 8 years—Autism and developmental disabilities monitoring network, 11 sites, United States, 2014. MMWR Surveillance Summaries, 67(No. SS-6), 1–23.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baranek, G. T., Watson, L. R., Crais, E., & Reznick, S. (2003). First-year inventory (FYI) 2.0. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

    Google Scholar 

  • Beacham, C., Reid, M., Bradshaw, J., Lambha, M., Evans, L., Gillespie, S., et al. (2018). Screening for autism spectrum disorder: Profiles of children who are missed. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, 39(9), 673–682.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Begeer, S., El Bouk, S., Boussaid, W., Terwogt, M. M., & Koot, H. M. (2009). Underdiagnosis and referral bias of autism in ethnic minorities. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 39(1), 142–148.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bhat, A. N., Galloway, J. C., Landa, R. J. (2012). Relationship between early motor delay and later communication delay in infants at risk for autism. Infant Behavior Development, 35(4), 838–846.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bitterman, A., Daley, T. C., Misra, S., Carlson, E., & Markowitz, J. (2008). A national sample of preschoolers with autism spectrum disorders: Special education services and parent satisfaction. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 38(8), 1509–1517.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bölte, S., Westerwald, E., Holtmann, M., Freitag, C., & Poustka, F. (2011). Autistic traits and autism spectrum disorders: The clinical validity of two measures presuming a continuum of social communication skills. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 41(1), 66–72.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Briggs-Gowan, M. J., & Carter, A. S. (2006). Examiner’s manual for the Brief Infant-Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment (BITSEA). San Antonio, Texas: Psychological Corporation, Harcourt Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Camarata, S. (2014). Early identification and early intervention in autism spectrum disorders: Accurate and effective? International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 16, 1–10.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Canadian Task Force on Preventative Health Care. (2016). Recommendations on screening for developmental delay. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 188(8), 1–9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carbone, P., Campbell, C., Wilkes, J., Stoddard, G., Huynh, K., Young, P. C. & Gabrielsen, T.P. (2020). Primary care autism screening and later autism diagnosis. Pediatrics [doi TBA, accepted March 16, 2020]

    Google Scholar 

  • Centers for Disease Control. (2019). CDC’s Developmental Milestones. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/actearly/milestones/index.html

  • Charman, T., Baird, G., Simonoff, E., Loucas, T., Chandler, S., Meldrum, D., et al. (2007). Efficacy of three screening instruments in the identification of autistic-spectrum disorders. British Journal of Psychiatry, 191, 554–559.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Charman, T., & Gotham, K. (2013). Measurement issues: Screening and diagnostic instruments for autism spectrum disorders—lessons from research and practice. Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 18(1), 52–64.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chawarska, K., Klin, A., Paul, R., Macari, S., & Volkmar, F. (2009). A prospective study of toddlers with ASD: Short-term diagnostic and cognitive outcomes. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 50(10), 1235–1245.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chesnut, S. R., Wei, T., Barnard-Brak, L., & Richman, D. M. (2017). A meta-analysis of the social communication questionnaire: Screening for autism spectrum disorder. Autism, 21(8), 920–928.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chinello, A., Di Gangi, V., & Valenza, E. (2018). Persistent primary reflexes affect motor acts: Potential implications for autism spectrum disorder. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 83, 287–295.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chlebowski, C., Robins, D., Barton, M., & Fein, D. (2013). Large-scale use of the modified checklist for autism in low-risk toddlers. Pediatrics, 131(4), e1121–e1127.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Constantino, J., & Gruber, C. P. (2012). Social responsiveness scale (2nd ed.). Torrance, CA: Western Psychological Services.

    Google Scholar 

  • Corsello, C., Hus, V., Pickles, A., Risi, S., Cook, E. H., Leventhal, B., et al. (2007). Between a ROC and a hard place: Decision making and making decisions about using the SCQ. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 48(9), 932–940.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Coury, D. L. (2015). Babies, bathwater, and screening for autism spectrum disorder: Comments on the USPSTF recommendations for autism spectrum disorder screening. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, 36(9), 661–663.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Coury, D., Wolfe, A., Lipkin, P.H., Baer, B., Hyman, S., Levy, S., … Sisk, B. (2017). Screening of young children for autism spectrum disorders: Results from a national survey of pediatricians. Presented at the Pediatric Academic Societies Annual Meeting, 2017, San Francisco, CA

    Google Scholar 

  • Dawson, G. (2016). Why it’s important to continue universal autism screening while research fully examines its impact. JAMA Pediatrics, 170(6), 527–528.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Department of Health and Human Services. (2017). Birth to 5, Watch Me Thrive! Retrieved from https://www.acf.hhs.gov/ecd/child-health-development/watch-me-thrive.

  • Dolata, J. K., Sanford-Keller, H., & Squires, J. (2019). Modifying a general social-emotional measure for early autism screening. International Journal of Developmental Disabilities, 1–8.

    Google Scholar 

  • Donohue, M. R., Childs, A. W., Richards, M., & Robins, D. L. (2019). Race influences parent report of concerns about symptoms of autism spectrum disorder. Autism, 23(1), 100–111.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Duvekot, J., van der Ende, J., Verhulst, F., & Greaves-Lord, K. (2015). The screening accuracy of the parent and teacher-reported Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS): Comparison with the 3Di and ADOS. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 45(6), 1658–1672.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Esposito, G., Venuti, P., Apicella, F., & Muratori, F. (2011). Analysis of unsupported gait in toddlers with autism. Brain and Development, 33(5), 367–373.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Evans, S. C., Boan, A. D., Bradley, C., & Carpenter, L. A. (2019). Sex/gender differences in screening for autism spectrum disorder: Implications for evidence-based assessment. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 48(6), 840–854.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fein, D., Holt, M., Brennan, L., & Barton, M. (2015). The activity kit for babies and toddlers at risk. New York, NY: Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • First5LA. (2011). Research report: Early Developmental Screening and Intervention Initiative (EDSI): Lessons learned 2005–2010. Retrieved from https://www.first5la.org/files/EDSI_Report_final_10092012.pdf.

  • Flanagan, J. E., Landa, R., Bhat, A., & Bauman, M. (2012). Head lag in infants at risk for autism: A preliminary study. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 66(5), 577–585.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gabrielsen, T. P., Farley, M., Speer, L., Villalobos, M. Baker, C. & Miller, J. (2015). Identifying autism in a brief observation. Pediatrics, 135(2), e330–e338. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2014-1428

  • Giserman Kiss, I., Feldman, M. S., Sheldrick, R. C., & Carter, A. S. (2017). Developing autism screening criteria for the Brief Infant Toddler Social Emotional Assessment (BITSEA). Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 47(5), 1269–1277.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Glascoe, F. P. (1999). Using parents’ concerns to detect and address developmental and behavioral problems. Journal of the Society of Pediatric Nurses, 4(1), 24–35.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Goldstein, S., & Naglieri, J. (2009). Autism spectrum rating scales. Toronto, Canada: Multi-Health Systems Inc.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gordon-Lipkin, E., Foster, J., & Peacock, G. (2016). Whittling down the wait time: Exploring models to minimize the delay from initial concern to diagnosis and treatment of autism spectrum disorder. Pediatric Clinic North America, 63(5), 851–859.

    Google Scholar 

  • Guerrero, A. D., Inkelas, M., Whaley, S. E., & Kuo, A. (2013). A WIC-based curriculum to enhance parent communication with healthcare providers. Journal of Community Health, 38, 958–964.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Guthrie, W., Swineford, L., Nottke, C., & Wetherby, A. (2013). Early diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder: Stability and change in clinical diagnosis and symptom presentation. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 54(5), 582–590.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Guthrie, W., Wallis, K., Bennett, A., Brooks, E., Dudley, J., Gerdes, M., et al. (2019). Accuracy of pediatric screening in a large pediatric network. Pediatrics, 144(4), e20183963.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hyman, S. L., Levy S. E., Myers, S. M., AAP Council on Children with Disabilities, Section on Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics. (2020). Identification, evaluation, and management of children with autism spectrum disorder. Pediatrics, 145(1), e20193447

    Google Scholar 

  • Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, 20 U.S.C. § 1400 (2004).

    Google Scholar 

  • Irvin, D. W., McBee, M., Boyd, B. A., Hume, K., & Odom, S. L. (2012). Child and family factors associated with the use of services for preschoolers with autism spectrum disorder. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 6(1), 565–572.

    Google Scholar 

  • Iverson, J. M., Northrup, J. B., Leezenbaum, N. B., Parlade, M. V., Koterba, E. A., & West, K. L. (2018). Early gesture and vocabulary development in infant siblings of children with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 48(1), 55–71.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, C. P., & Myers, S. M. (2007). Identification and evaluation of children with autism spectrum disorders. Pediatrics, 120(5), 1183–1215.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jones, W., & Klin, A. (2013). Attention to eyes is present but in decline in 2-6-month-old infants later diagnosed with autism. Nature, 504(7480), 427–431.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Lai, M. C., Lombardo, M. V., Auyeung, B., Chakrabarti, B., & Baron Cohen, S. (2015). Sex/gender differences and autism: Setting the scene for future research. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 54(1), 11–24.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • LeBarton, E. S., & Iverson, J. M. (2013). Fine motor skill predicts expressive language in infant siblings of children with autism. Developmental Science, 16, 815–827.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lee, H. Y., Vigen, C., Zwaigenbaum, L., Bryson, S., Smith, I., Brian, J., et al. (2019). The performance of the First Year Inventory (FYI) Screening on a sample of high-risk 12-month-olds diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) at 36 months. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 49(12), 4957–4973.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lipkin, P. H., Macias, M. M., & Council on Children with Disabilities, Section on Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics. (2020). Promoting optimal development: Identifying infants and young children with developmental disorders through developmental surveillance and screening. Pediatrics, 145(1), e20193440.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maenner, M.J., Shaw, K.A., Baio, J., Washington, A., Patrick, M., DiRienzo, M., Christensen, D.L., Wiggins, L.D., Pettygrove, S. Andrews, J.G., Lopez, M., Hudson, A., Baroud, T., Schwenk, Y., White, T., Rosenberg, C.R., Lee, L-C., Harrington, R.A., Huston, M., Hewitt, A., . . . Patricia M. Dietz, (2020). Prevalence of autism spectrum disorder among children aged 8 years—autism and developmental disabilities monitoring network, 11 Sites, United States, 2016. MMWR. Surveillance Summaries, 69(4), 1–12.

    Google Scholar 

  • Matheis, M., Matson, J. L., Burns, C. O., Jiang, X., Peters, W. J., Moore, M., et al. (2017). Factors related to parental age of first concern in toddlers with autism spectrum disorder. Developmental Neurorehabilitiation, 20, 228–235.

    Google Scholar 

  • Miller, J., Gabrielsen, T., Villalobos, M., Alleman, R., Wahmhoff, N., & Segura, B. (2011). The each child study: Systematic screening for autism spectrum disorders in a pediatric setting. Pediatrics, 127, 866–871.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mitchell, S., Brian, J., Zwaigenbaum, L., Roberts, W., Szatmari, P., Smith, I., et al. (2006). Early language and communication development of infants later diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, 27(2 Suppl), S69–78.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Norbury, C. F., & Sparks, A. (2013). Difference or disorder? Cultural issues in understanding neurodevelopmental disorders. Developmental Psychology, 49(1), 45–58.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Oosterling, I. J., Wensing, M., Swinkels, S. H., van der Gaag, R. J., Visser, J. C., Woudenberg, T., et al. (2010). Advancing early detection of autism spectrum disorder by applying an integrated two-stage screening approach. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 51, 250–258.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ormond, S., Brownlow, C., Garnett, M. S., Rynkiewicz, A., & Attwood, T. (2017). Profiling autism symptomatology: An exploration of the Q-ASC parental report scale in capturing sex differences in autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 48, 389–403.

    Google Scholar 

  • Perrin, E. C., Sheldrick, C., Visco, Z., & Mattern, K. (2016). The survey of well-being of young children user's manual. Tufts Medical Center. https://www.floatinghospital.org/-/media/Brochures/Floating-Hospital/SWYC/SWYC-Manual-v101-Web-Format-33016.ashx?la=en&hash=E0C2802F003ED312E9D5268374C540A112151FB3

  • Pierce, K., Courchesne, E., & Bacon, E. (2016). To screen or not to screen for ASD universally is not the question: Why the task force got it wrong. Journal of Pediatrics, 176, 182–194.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Provost, B., Lopez, B. R., & Heimerl, S. (2007). A comparison of motor delays in young children: autism spectrum disorder, developmental delay, and developmental concerns. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 37(2), 321–328.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Robins, D. L., Casagrande, K., Barton, M., Chen, C.-M. A., Dumont-Mathieu, T., & Fein, D. (2014). Validation of the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers, Revised With Follow-up (M-CHAT-R/F). Pediatrics, 133(1), 37–45.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Robins, D. L., Fein, D. & Barton, M. (2009). The modified checklist for autism in toddlers, revised with follow up. https://mchatscreen.com/mchat-rf/

  • Rosenberg, S. A., Robinson, C. C., Shaw, E. F., & Ellison, M. C. (2013). Part C early intervention for infants and toddlers: Percentage eligible versus served. Pediatrics, 131(1), 38–46.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rotholz, D., Kinsman, A., Lacy, K., & Charles, J. (2017). Improving early identification and intervention for children at risk for autism spectrum disorder. Pediatrics, 139(2), e20161061.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rutter, M., Bailey, A., & Lord, C. (2003). Social communication questionnaire. Los Angeles, CA: Western Psychological Services.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ozonoff, S. Iosif, A., Baguio, F., Cook, I., Hill, M. M., Hutman, T., … Young, G. S. (2010). A prospective study of the emergence of early behavioral signs of autism. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 49(3), 256–266. e1–2.

    Google Scholar 

  • Salisbury, L. A., Nyce, J. D., Hannum, C. D., Sheldrick, R. C., & Perrin, E. C. (2018). Sensitivity and specificity of 2 autism screeners among referred children between 16 and 48 months of age. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, 39(3), 254–258.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Self, T. L., Parham, D. F., & Rajagopalan, J. (2015). Autism spectrum disorder early screening practices: A survey of physicians. Communication Disorders Quarterly, 36(4), 195–207.

    Google Scholar 

  • Serdarevic, F., Ghassabian, A., van Batenburg-Eddes, T., White, T., Blanken, L., Jaddoe, V., et al. (2017). Infant muscle tone and childhood autistic traits: A longitudinal study in the general population. Autism Research, 10(5), 757–768.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Shaw, K.A., Maenner, M.J., Baio, J., Washington, A., Christensen, D.L., Wiggins, L.D., Pettygrove, S., Andrews, J.D., White, T., Rosenberg, C.R., Constantino, J.N., Fitzgerald, R.T., Zahorodny, W., Shenouda, J., Daniels, J.L., Salinas, A., Durkin, M.S., & Dietz, P.M. (2020). Early identification of autism spectrum disorder among children aged 4 years—early autism and developmental disabilities monitoring network, Six Sites, United States, 2016. MMWR Surveill Summ, 69(SS-3), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.ss6903a1

  • Shumway, S., & Wetherby, A. (2009). Communicative acts of children with autism spectrum disorders in the second year of life. Journal of Speech, Language and Hearing Research, 52, 1139–1152.

    Google Scholar 

  • Simek, A. N., & Wahlberg, A. C. (2011). Test review: Autism spectrum rating scales. Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, 29(2), 191–195.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, N. J., Sheldrick, R. C., & Perrin, E. C. (2013). An abbreviated screening instrument for autism spectrum disorders. Infant Mental Health Journal, 34(2), 149–155.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stone, W. L., Coonrod, E. E., & Ousley, O. Y. (2000). Screening Tool for Autism in Two-year-olds (STAT): Development and preliminary data. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 30(6), 607–612.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Thelen, E. (1995). Motor development: A new synthesis. American Psychologist, 50, 79–95.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Uylings, H. B. M. (2006). Development of the human cortex and the concept of “critical” or “sensitive” periods. Language Learning, 56(Suppl 1), 59–90.

    Google Scholar 

  • Veness, C., Prior, M., Bavin, E., Eadie, P., Cini, E., & Reilly, S. (2012). Early indicators of autism spectrum disorders at 12 and 24 months of age: A prospective, longitudinal comparative study. Autism, 16(2), 163–177.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wetherby, A., Lord, C., Woods, J., Guthrie, W., Pierce, K., Shumway, S., et al. (2009). The Early Screening for Autism and Communication Disorders (ESAC): Preliminary field-testing of an autism-specific screening tool for children 12 to 36 months of age. Chicago, IL: Oral presentation at the International Meeting for Autism Research.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wetherby, A., & Prizant, B. (2002). Communication and symbolic behavior scales developmental profile—First (normed ed.). Baltimore, MD: Brookes.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wetherby, A. M., Watt, N., Morgan, L., & Shumway, S. (2007). Social communication profiles of children with autism spectrum disorders late in the second year of life. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 37(5), 960–975.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wetherby, A., Woods, J., Allen, L., Cleary, J., Dickinson, H., & Lord, C. (2004). Early indicators of autism spectrum disorders in the second year of life. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 34, 473–493.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wiggins, L. D., Bakeman, R., Adamson, L. B., & Robins, D. L. (2007). The utility of the social communication questionnaire in screening for autism in children referred for early intervention. Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities, 22(1), 33–38.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zuckerman, K. E., Chavez, A. E., & Reeder, J. A. (2017a). Decreasing disparities in child development assessment: Identifying and discussing possible delays in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC). Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, 38(5), 301–309.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Zuckerman, K. E., Lindly, O. J., Reyes, N. M., Chavez, A. E., Macias, K., Smith, K. N., et al. (2017b). Disparities in diagnosis and treatment of autism in Latino and non-Latino white families. Pediatrics, 139(5), e20163010.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Zwaigenbaum, L., et al. (2013). Early identification of autism spectrum disorders. Behavioral Brain Research, 251, 133–146. 

    Google Scholar 

  • Zwaigenbaum, L.,  Bauman, M. L., Fein, D.,  Pierce, K., Buie, T.,  Davis, P. A., Newschaffer, C.,  Robins, D. L., Wetherby, A., Choueiri, R.,  Kasari, C., Stone, W. L. Yirmiya, N., Estes, A., Hansen, R. L., McPartland,  J. C., Natowicz, M. R., Carter, A., Granpeesheh, D., Mailloux, Z.,  Smith Roley, S., Wagner,  S. (2015). Early screening of autism spectrum disorder: Recommendations for Practice and Research. PEDIATRICS, 136(Supplement), S41–S59. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2014-3667D

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Terisa P. Gabrielsen .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Gabrielsen, T.P., Manwaring, S.S., Stuart, A.L. (2020). Screening and Surveillance. In: McClain, M., Shahidullah, J., Mezher, K. (eds) Interprofessional Care Coordination for Pediatric Autism Spectrum Disorder. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-46295-6_3

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics