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Climate Leadership: Developing Innovative Strategic Tools to Improve the Partnership Mode of Planning

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Innovation in Public Planning

Abstract

Cities are considered to have a pivotal role in climate transition, by currently taking the lead in pursuing goals of resilient, low-carbon urban development. This chapter discusses how strategic planning tools are used in concert with more general steering instruments when performing climate leadership in a “forerunner” city, the City of Oslo. The chapter uses a theoretical framework highlighting governing by authority, provision, self-governance and enabling, and finds that strategic planning tools frame a comprehensive and holistic system in which all four governing modes are represented and which helps to guide political steering and decision-making at the same time as it gives leeway for the innovation needed for climate transition.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    National expectations to Regional and Local Planning, from May 2019.

  2. 2.

    According to the Norwegian Planning and Building Act (2008).

  3. 3.

    However, even if the Act reflects a strategic turn, the evaluation of the Act shows that the planning instruments and tools introduced with such purpose are not necessarily used adequately in practice—except for the large cities—as the forerunner city studied here (Oslo) (Hanssen & Aarsæther, 2018a, 2018b; Kvalvik, 2018; Aarsæter & Hofstad, 2018).

  4. 4.

    For more information, see https://www.oslo.kommune.no/politikk-og-administrasjon/politikk/slik-styres-oslo/

  5. 5.

    Oslo’s direct greenhouse gas emissions should be reduced by 95% by 2030 compared with 2009 levels. The goal includes all sectors in the official greenhouse gas emissions statistics (Oslo : 12, høringsutkast).

  6. 6.

    Kunnskapsgrunnlaget, the city of Oslo 2018.

  7. 7.

    They are currently waiting for the data from the National Environmental Agency for being able to do this.

  8. 8.

    “Tildelingsbrev 2016—Plan- og bygningsetaten. Oslo kommune”, p. 3.

  9. 9.

    “Tildelingsbrev 2018—Plan- og bygningsetaten. Oslo kommune”, 4.2.1 (Measures in the Climate Budget).

  10. 10.

    “Kriteriesett for vurdering og synliggjøring av klimautslipp og klimatilpasning i planprosessen” til innsendte detaljreguleringer (fra utbyggere).

  11. 11.

    PBE 2019: referat fra arbeidsverksted 10.9.2019.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Norwegian Institute for Urban and Regional Research, Oslo, Norway

    Gro Sandkjær Hanssen & Hege Hofstad

Authors
  1. Gro Sandkjær Hanssen
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  2. Hege Hofstad
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Correspondence to Gro Sandkjær Hanssen .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Lillehammer, Norway

    Aksel Hagen

  2. Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Lillehammer, Norway

    Ulla Higdem

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Hanssen, G.S., Hofstad, H. (2020). Climate Leadership: Developing Innovative Strategic Tools to Improve the Partnership Mode of Planning. In: Hagen, A., Higdem, U. (eds) Innovation in Public Planning. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-46136-2_8

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