Abstract
A large number of cognitive models have been developed and widely used in the HCI domain. GOMS (Gray et al (1993) Hum Comput Interact 8(3):237–309; John and Kieras (1996) ACM Trans Comput-Hum Interact 3(4):320–351) is one of the well-established models for predicting human performance and facilitating UI design. As mentioned in Chap. 2, a number of variants of GOMS models such as KLM (Card et al (1980) Commun ACM 23(7):396–410) and CPM-GOMS (John and Kieras (1996) ACM Trans Comput-Hum Interact 3(4):320–351) are useful to predict task completion time, and to refine UI designs and human task procedures (Paik et al (2015) ACM Trans Comput-Hum Interact 22(5):25:1–25:26. https://doi.org/10.1145/2776891). In this chapter, we present a review of existing software tools that materializing these cognitive models so that they can be used by people without advanced knowledge on cognitive modelling. Although there are lots of existing tools, we mainly introduce CogTool, SANLab-CM, and Cogulator in this chapter. The main reason is that they are well maintained open source projects with a considerable size of user base. In addition, this chapter lists some examples of applying cognitive models and relevant software tools in both HCI and cyber security domains. Furthermore, this chapter concludes with a discussion on issues and challenges of using existing software tools to model complex systems.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
ACT-R Research Group: ACT-R. http://act-r.psy.cmu.edu/ (2016). Accessed: 25 Aug 2016
Anderson, J.: How Can the Human Mind Occur in the Physical Universe? Oxford University Press, Oxford (2007)
Bellamy, R., John, B., Richards, J., Thomas, J.: Using cogtool to model programming tasks. In: Evaluation and Usability of Programming Languages and Tool, PLATEAU’10, pp. 1:1–1:6. ACM, New York (2010). https://doi.org/10.1145/1937117.1937118
Bellamy, R., John, B., Kogan, S.: Deploying CogTool: integrating quantitative usability assessment into real-world software development. In: Proceedings of 2011 33rd International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE 2011), pp. 691–700. IEEE, Honolulu (2011)
Card, S., Moran, T., Newell, A.: The keystroke-level model for user performance time with interactive systems. Commun. ACM 23(7), 396–410 (1980)
Card, S.K., Newell, A., Moran, T.P.: The Psychology of Human-Computer Interaction. L. Erlbaum Associates Inc., USA (1983)
Estes, S.: Introduction to simple workload models using cogulator (01 2016)
Feuerstack, S., Wortelen, B.: Revealing differences in designers’ and users’ perspectives. In: Abascal, J., Barbosa, S., Fetter, M., Gross, T., Palanque, P., Winckler, M. (eds.) Human-Computer Interaction – INTERACT 2015, pp. 105–122. Springer International Publishing, Cham (2015)
Fitts, P.: The information capacity of the human motor system in controlling the amplitude of movement. J. Exp. Psychol. 47(6), 381–391 (1954)
Gartenberg, D., Thornton, R., Masood, M., Pfannenstiel, D., Taylor, D., Parasuraman, R.: Collecting health-related data on the smart phone: mental models, cost of collection, and perceived benefit of feedback. Pers. Ubiquit. Comput. 17(3), 561–570 (2013)
Gray, W.D., John, B.E., Atwood, M.E.: The precis of project ernestine or an overview of a validation of goms. In: Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI’92, pp. 307–312. Association for Computing Machinery, New York (1992). https://doi.org/10.1145/142750.142821
Gray, W.D., John, B.E., Atwood, M.E.: Project Ernestine: validating a GOMS analysis for predicting and explaining real-world task performance. Hum. Comput. Interact. 8(3), 237–309 (1993)
John, B.E., Salvucci, D.D.: Multipurpose prototypes for assessing user interfaces in pervasive computing systems. IEEE Pervasive Comput. 4(4), 27–34 (2005)
John, B., Kieras, D.: The GOMS family of user interface analysis techniques: comparison and contrast. ACM Trans. Comput.-Hum. Interact. 3(4), 320–351 (1996)
John, B., Prevas, K., Salvucci, D., Koedinger, K.: Predictive human performance modeling made easy. In: Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI’04, pp. 455–462. ACM, New York (2004). https://doi.org/10.1145/985692.985750
John, B.E., Patton, E.W., Gray, W.D., Morrison, D.F.: Tools for predicting the duration and variability of skilled: performance without skilled performers. Proc. Hum. Factors Ergon. Soc. Annu. Meet. 56(1), 985–989 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1177/1071181312561206
Kieras, D.E.: Towards a practical goms model methodology for user interface design, Chapter 7. In: Helander, M. (ed.) Handbook of Human-Computer Interaction, pp. 135–157. North-Holland, Amsterdam (1988). http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780444705365500129
Kim, S., Yi, H., Yi, J.: Fakepin: dummy key based mobile user authentication scheme. In: Ubiquitous Information Technologies and Applications, pp. 157–164. Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg (2014)
Luo, L., John, B.: Predicting task execution time on handheld devices using the keystroke-level model. In: CHI’05 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI EA’05, pp. 1605–1608. ACM, New York (2005). https://doi.org/10.1145/1056808.1056977
Nguyen, B.N., Robbins, B., Banerjee, I., Memon, A.: Guitar: an innovative tool for automated testing of gui-driven software. Autom. Softw. Eng. 21(1), 65–105 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10515-013-0128-9
Ocak, N., Cagiltay, K.: Comparison of cognitive modeling and user performance analysis for touch screen mobile interface design. Int. J. Hum.-Comput. Interact. 33(8), 633–641 (2017)
Paik, J., Kim, J., Ritter, F., Reitter, D.: Predicting user performance and learning in human–computer interaction with the herbal compiler. ACM Trans. Comput.-Hum. Interact. 22(5), 25:1–25:26 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1145/2776891
Patton, E., Gray, W.: SANLab-CM: a tool for incorporating stochastic operations into activity network modeling. Behav. Res. Methods 42, 877–83 (2010)
Perković, T., Li, S., Mumtaz, A., Khayam, S., Javed, Y., Čagalj, M.: Breaking undercover: exploiting design flaws and nonuniform human behavior. In: Proceedings of the Seventh Symposium on Usable Privacy and Security, SOUPS’11, pp. 5:1–5:15. ACM, New York (2011). https://doi.org/10.1145/2078827.2078834
Sasamoto, H., Christin, N., Hayashi, E.: Undercover: authentication usable in front of prying eyes. In: Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI’08, pp. 183–192. ACM, New York (2008). https://doi.org/10.1145/1357054.1357085
Sasse, M., Steves, M., Krol, K., Chisnell, D.: The great authentication fatigue – and how to overcome it. In: Rau, P.L.P. (ed.) Cross-Cultural Design, pp. 228–239. Springer International Publishing, Cham (2014)
Shankar, A., Lin, H., Brown, H., Rice, C.: Rapid usability assessment of an enterprise application in an agile environment with cogtool. In: Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI EA’15, pp. 719–726. ACM, New York (2015). https://doi.org/10.1145/2702613.2702960
Swearngin, A., Cohen, M., John, B., Bellamy, R.: Easing the generation of predictive human performance models from legacy systems. In: Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI’12, pp. 2489–2498. ACM, New York (2012). https://doi.org/10.1145/2207676.2208415
Swearngin, A., Cohen, M.B., John, B.E., Bellamy, R.K.E.: Human performance regression testing. In: Proceedings of the 2013 International Conference on Software Engineering, ICSE’13, pp. 152–161. IEEE Press, Piscataway (2013). http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=2486788.2486809
Teo, L., John, B.: Cogtool-explorer: towards a tool for predicting user interaction. In: CHI’08 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI EA’08, pp. 2793–2798. ACM, New York (2008). https://doi.org/10.1145/1358628.1358763
Trewin, S., John, B., Richards, J., Sloan, D., Hanson, V., Bellamy, R., Thomas, J., Swart, C.: Age-specific predictive models of human performance. In: CHI’12 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI EA’12, pp. 2267–2272. Association for Computing Machinery, New York (2012). https://doi.org/10.1145/2212776.2223787
Wilkins, S.A.: Examination of pilot benefits from cognitive assistance for single-pilot general aviation operations. In: 2017 IEEE/AIAA 36th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC), pp. 1–9 (2017)
Yuan, H., Li, S., Rusconi, P., Aljaffan, N.: When eye-tracking meets cognitive modeling: applications to cyber security systems. In: Human Aspects of Information Security, Privacy and Trust: 5th International Conference, HAS 2017, Held as Part of HCI International 2017, Vancouver, 9–14 July 2017, Proceedings. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 10292, pp. 251–264. Springer, Cham (2017)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Yuan, H., Li, S., Rusconi, P. (2020). Review of Cognitive Modeling Software Tools. In: Cognitive Modeling for Automated Human Performance Evaluation at Scale . Human–Computer Interaction Series(). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45704-4_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45704-4_3
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-45703-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-45704-4
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)