Conclusion

Abstract

This chapter summarises the main contributions and conclusions of the monograph. The findings of the case studies of Great Britain, Brazil and the WTO demonstrate: (i) the divergent constructions of energy security in the context of different countries, in different sectors of the economy within a country and in legal disputes; (ii) the existence of positive and negative frames on the interplay between energy security and national and international law and policies on green energy development; (iii) the increasing association of energy security with green energy within the WTO jurisprudence; and (iv) limited defences available within the GATT/WTO on green energy security for countries wishing to adopt trade restrictive measures to develop their national green energy industry as a strategic way to prepare them for any future circumstances where there is limited or no international trade, such as pandemics, political unrest, conflicts and trade embargoes.