Abstract
The archaeological records demonstrate the beginning of the technological development of behaviorally modern humans (Homo sapiens) from more than thirty thousand years ago, which has been confirmed by traces of bone awls, eyed needles, fire-making drills, heated shelters and spear-throwers. When the ancient human was constructing the primary technological innovations such as spear-thrower, probably she/he was intuitively thinking about the specifications of the thrower by which the spear could achieve greater velocity by imparting less energy. Thus, the engineering design that provides the most desired features with the fewest negatives is not a new thing. Although engineering has existed since ancient times, the word engineer dates back to less than 700 years ago.
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Kaveh, A., Dadras Eslamlou, A. (2020). Introduction. In: Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms in Civil Engineering: New Applications. Studies in Computational Intelligence, vol 900. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45473-9_1
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