Abstract
Integration of nano-materials within an electrochemical system has led to development of highly sophisticated devices with primary aim of sensing various analysts. The introduction of nano-sized transducers has improved the sensitivities of conventional sensors and directed new pathways for diverse applications. In this context, a new paradigm shift has been observed where the use of nanomaterials with complex morphologies and structural features has shown relative greater potential in an electrochemical sensing system compared to its simpler counter-parts. This chapter provides a critical overview of the most recent advancement achieved in the area of electrochemical sensor based on nanomaterials with distinct morphologies and structural features. A major section of this chapter deals with the electrochemical sensor designed for the detection of pharmaceutical drugs labeled as antibiotics and therapeutic drugs.
Restrained by the larger volume of literature available, the chapter focuses only on the most recent up-gradation reported for the electrochemical nano-sensors currently considered for the detection and quantification of most common pharmaceutical drugs. An introduction of the electrochemical sensor system followed by the outlook of future electrochemical sensor systems and their implementation in the sensing industries has been made.
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Abbreviations
- 2D:
-
Two dimensional
- AgNPs:
-
Silver nanoparticles
- AS:
-
Adipic acid
- ASA :
-
Acetylsalicylic acid
- AuDE:
-
Gold disk electrode
- BRB:
-
Briton Robinson buffer
- CA:
-
Citric acid
- CAP:
-
Captopril
- CdS QDs:
-
Cadmium sulfide quantum dots
- CE:
-
Capillary electrophoresis
- CuO:
-
Copper oxide
- D :
-
Diffusion coefficient
- DBX:
-
Doxorubicin
- DNA:
-
Deoxy ribose nucleic acid
- DPV:
-
Differential pulse voltammetry
- DS:
-
Double stranded
- ELISA:
-
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
- GC:
-
Gas chromatography
- GR-TH:
-
Thionine-functionalized graphene composite
- GS-Nf/TH/Pt:
-
Nafion/thionine/Pt nanoparticles
- HPLC:
-
High-performance liquid chromatography
- HR-SEM:
-
High-resolution scanning electron microscope
- IDA:
-
Interdigitated array
- ITO:
-
Indium tin oxide
- MIP:
-
Imprinted polymer
- MWCNTs:
-
Multiwall carbon nanotubes
- MXT:
-
Methotrexate
- NAC:
-
N-acetyl-l-cysteine
- NAL:
-
Nalbuphine hydrochloride
- N-GQDs:
-
Nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots
- OTC:
-
Oxytetracycline
- PBS:
-
Phosphate buffer solution
- PEC:
-
Photoelectrochemical
- Pt–Cu:
-
–
- SEM:
-
Scanning electron microscope
- SERS:
-
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering
- TLC:
-
Thin-layer chromatography
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Acknowledgments
The authors thank, The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TÃœBÄ°TAK) for providing financial support under 2221-Visiting Scientists Fellowship Programme for doing research at Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Selcuk, Campus, 42079 Konya- Turkey. The authors also thank Higher Education Commission of Pakistan (HEC) for their support under International Research Support Initiative Programme (IRSIP) and appreciate the facilities provided by National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, 76080, Pakistan. The authors acknowledge the support and encouragement provided by Prof. Dr. Tufail Hussain Sherazi and Prof. Dr. Sirajuddin affiliated with NCEAC, Jamshoro Pakistan.
Conflict of Interest: The corresponding author states that there is no conflict of interest.
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Soomro, R.A., Kalwar, N.H., Jawaid, S., Tunesi, M.M. (2020). Advance Nanostructure-Based Electrochemical Sensors for Pharmaceutical Drugs Detection. In: Inamuddin, Asiri, A. (eds) Nanosensor Technologies for Environmental Monitoring. Nanotechnology in the Life Sciences. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45116-5_16
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45116-5_16
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