Abstract
The structure, properties, and behavior of the electrode-solution interface is important in understanding many phenomena and processes in material, metallurgical, chemical, physical, and biological sciences and engineering. As a nonaqueous solvent, ionic liquids have been successfully used in various fields including electrochemistry due to its distinct properties such as high conductivity, wide electrochemical window, chemical and thermal stability, and low vapor pressure. Ionic liquids are also called room-temperature molten salts or room-temperature ionic liquids, which are composed of pure ions in the liquid state, which is different from the traditional aqueous or organic solvents. Therefore, deeper insight into the interfacial structure, property, and dynamics of ionic liquid-metal electrode is highly desired because it is beyond the description of classical electrochemical theory for the dilute aqueous electrolyte-metal electrode system.
In the past decades, more and more theoretical and experimental studies have been performed to reveal the structure, dynamics, and property of electrical double layer of ionic liquid-electrode system for electrochemical engineering such as metal electrodeposition, batteries, fuel cell, and supercapacitors. Great progress has been made in this field. In this chapter, we present the recent progress and perspectives in experimental and theoretical studies of the structure, dynamics, and property of the double layer of the ionic liquid-electrode interface in ionic liquids. The brief introduction of ionic liquids and its properties, basic theory of double layer, theoretical and experimental study progress of the double-layer structures, and dynamics and properties of the ionic liquid-electrode interface are reviewed and discussed. Further directions of research are also presented.
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Abbreviations
- [BMA]PF6:
-
Butyltrimethylammonium hexafluorophosphate
- [BMA]TFSI:
-
Butyltrimethylammonium bis(trifluoromethyl-sulfonyl)imide
- [BMIM]BF4:
-
1-n-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate
- [BMIM]Br:
-
1-n-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide
- [BMIM]CH3COO:
-
1-n-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate
- [BMIM]CH3SO4:
-
1-n-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium methylsulfate
- [BMIM]Cl:
-
1-n-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride
- [BMIM]DCA:
-
1-n-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyandiamide
- [BMIM]FAP:
-
1-n-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium tris(pentafluoroethyl) trifluorophosphate
- [BMIM]FSI:
-
1-n-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide
- [BMIM]I:
-
1-n-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium Iodide
- [BMIM]N(CN)2:
-
1-n-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide
- [BMIM]NO3:
-
1-Butyl 3-methylimidazolium nitrate
- [BMIM]OTF:
-
1-n-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethane-sulfonate
- [BMIM]PF6:
-
1-n-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate
- [BMIM]TF2N:
-
1-n-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) amide
- [BMIM]TFSA:
-
1-n-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethane-sulfonamide
- [BMIM]TFSI:
-
1-n-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide
- [BMP]TFSA:
-
1-Butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium trifluoromethane-sulfonamide
- [C6(MIM)2](TF2N)2:
-
1-Hexyl-3-dimethylimidazolium di[bis(trifluoro-methyl)imide]
- [C6(MIM)TMA)](Tf2N)2:
-
1-(1-Trimethylammonium-yl-hexyl)-3-methylimidazolium di[bis(trifluoromethane-sulfonyl)-imide]
- [C6MIM]BF4 or [HMIM]BF4:
-
1-Hexyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate
- [Cn(MIM)2](BF4)2:
-
1-Alkyl-3-dimethylimidazolium di[tetrafluoroborate]
- [Cn(MIM)2](TF2N)2:
-
1-Alkyl-3-dimethylimidazolium di[bis(trifluoro-methyl)imide]
- [CnMIM]FSI:
-
1-Alkyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide
- [CnMIM]TFSI:
-
1-Alkyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide
- [DEME]PF6:
-
N,N-diethyl-N-methyl-N-(2-methoxyethyl)ammonium hexafluorophosphate
- [DMIM]Cl:
-
1,3-Dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone chloride
- [DMIM]PF6:
-
1, 3-Dimethylimidazolium chloride hexafluoro-phosphate
- [EMIM]B(CN)2:
-
1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanoborate
- [EMIM]BF4:
-
1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate
- [EMIM]C(CN)2:
-
1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanomethanide
- [EMIM]DCA:
-
1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyandiamide
- [EMIM]FAP:
-
1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tris (pentafluoroethyl) trifluorophosphate
- [EMIM]GLY:
-
1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium aminoethanic acid
- [EMIM]I:
-
1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium Iodide
- [EMIM]N(CN)2:
-
1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide
- [EMIM]OTF:
-
1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethane-sulfonate
- [EMIM]PF6:
-
1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate
- [EMIM]PHE:
-
1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium phenylalanine
- [EMIM]SER:
-
1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium serine
- [EMIM]TF2N:
-
1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)amide
- [EMIM]TFSA:
-
1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonamide
- [EMIM]TFSI:
-
1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide
- [EMIM]VAL:
-
1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium valine
- [EMMIM]TFSI:
-
1-Ethyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide
- [EtNH3]NO3:
-
Ethylammonium nitrate
- [Et4N]BF4:
-
Tetraethylammonium tetrafluoroborate
- [Li(G3)]TFSI:
-
Li(triethylene glycol dimethyl ether) bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide
- [N2228]TF2N:
-
Triethyloctylammonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfo-nyl) amide
- [OMIM]OTF:
-
1-Octyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate
- [OMIM]PF6 or [C8MIM]PF6:
-
1-Octyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate
- [OMIM]TFSA:
-
1-Octyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethane-sulfonamide
- [Pip1,4]B(CN)4:
-
N-methyl-N-butyl piperidinium tetracyanoborate
- [PMIM]I:
-
1-Pentyl-3-methylimidazolium iodide
- [PMPy]TF2N:
-
3-Methyl-1-propylpyridinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) amide
- [Py1,4]FAP:
-
1-Butyl-1-methyl-pyrrolidinium tris (pentafluoroethyl) trifluorophosphate
- [Py1,4]TF2N:
-
1-Butyl-1-methyl-pyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)amide
- [Pyr]PF6:
-
1-Methyl-1- butylpyrrolidinium hexafluorophosphate
- [Pyr12O1]DCA:
-
1-Methoxy-1-ethyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium dicyandiamide
- [Pyr13]DCA:
-
1-Methyl-1-propylpyrrolidinium dicyandiamide
- [Pyr14]B(CN)4:
-
1-Methyl-1-butylpyrrolidinium tetracyanoborate
- [Pyr14]BF4:
-
1-Methyl-1-butylpyrrolidinium tetrafluoroborate
- [Pyr14]DCA:
-
1-Methyl-1-butylpyrrolidinium dicyandiamide
- [Pyr14]TF2N:
-
1-Methyl-1-butylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide
- [Pyr14]TFSI:
-
1-Methyl-1-butylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide
- [PyrH4]TFSI:
-
N-butyl-pyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide
- [TEA]BF4:
-
Tetraethylammonium tetrafluoroborate
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The author would like to thank the financial support from National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51774158, 51264021, 50904031).
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Tian, G. (2020). Electrical Double-Layer Structure and Property of Ionic Liquid-Electrode System for Electrochemical Applications. In: Inamuddin, Asiri, A. (eds) Nanotechnology-Based Industrial Applications of Ionic Liquids. Nanotechnology in the Life Sciences. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-44995-7_10
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