Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

3D Imaging, Analysis and Applications pp 631–697Cite as

3D Digitization of Cultural Heritage

  • Chapter
  • First Online:

Abstract

The chapter first analyzes the reasons for digitizing Cultural Heritage (CH), tracing the history of applying 3D technologies for the purpose of digitizing CH, and reviewing the current state of the art in the field. A detailed survey is offered for the digitization of different types of both tangible and intangible CH. The latter includes a section about the 3D digitization of damaged or no-longer existing CH monuments for the purpose of creating 3D hypotheses of restoration and reconstruction in virtual archaeology. A methodological section points out which 3D technologies are used in the field and how they can be best applied, taking into account digitization approaches appropriate to the different classes of CH object as well as the relative strengths and weaknesses of the various technologies. This is followed by a discussion of how CH can be modeled from raw data, and a section about the different 3D processing pipelines that can be implemented through active or passive 3D sensing techniques. Finally, a detailed section treats the creation of a 3D content repository for CH, taking into account both the relevant articulated metadata as well as the ways 3D data are stored and visualized for online access.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   69.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   89.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  1. G., P., Pingi, P., Siotto, E., Bellucci, R., Guidi, G., Scopigno, R.: Deformation analysis of Leonardo da Vinci’s “Adorazione dei magi” through temporal unrelated 3D digitization. J. Cult. Herit. 38, 174–185 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Abate, D., Menna, F., Remondino, F., Gattari, M.: 3d painting documentation: evaluation of conservation conditions with 3d imaging and ranging techniques. Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spat. Inf. Sci. - ISPRS Arch. 40, 1–8 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Achille, C., Fassi, F., Fregonese, L.: 4 years history: From 2D to BIM for ch: The main spire on milan cathedral. In: Proceedings of 2012 18th International Conference on Virtual Systems and Multimedia, pp. 377–382 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Addison, A.: Emerging trends in virtual heritage. IEEE Multimedia 7, 22–25 (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Akca, D., Grun, A., Breuckmann, B., Lahanier, C.: High definition 3D-scanning of arts objects and paintings. In: Proceedings of Optical 3D Measurement Techniques VIII, pp. 50–58 (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Amenta, N., Bern, M.: Surface reconstruction by Voronoi filtering. Discret. Comput. Geom. 22, 481–504 (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Amenta, N., Choi, S., Dey, T., Leekha, N.: A simple algorithm for homeomorphic surface reconstruction. In: Proceedings of the Sixteenth Annual Symposium on Computational Geometry - SCG ’00, pp. 213–222. ACM Press, New York (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Amenta, N., Choi, S., Kolluri, R.: The power crust. In: Proceedings of the Symposium on Solid Modeling and Applications, pp. 249–266 (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Ballard, R., McCann, A., Yoerger, D., Whitcomb, L., Mindell, D., Oleson, J., Singh, H., Foley, B., Adams, J., Piechota, D., Giangrande, C.: The discovery of ancient history in the deep sea using advanced deep submergence technology. Deep. Res. Part I Oceanogr. Res. Pap. 47, 1591–1620 (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Barazzetti, L., Remondino, F., Scaioni, M., Brutto, M.L., Rizzi, A., Brumana, R.: Geometric and radiometric analysis of paintings. Int. Arch. Photogram., Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci. XXXVIII, 62–67 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Baribeau, R., Rioux, M.: Influence of speckle on laser range finders. Appl. Opt. 30, 2873–2878 (1991)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Bass, G.: Archaeology Under Water. Thames & Hudson, London (1966)

    Google Scholar 

  13. Bass, G., van Doorninck, F.: A fourth-century shipwreck at yassi ada. Am. J. Archaeol. 75, 27–37 (1971)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Bay, H., Tuytelaars, T., Van Gool, L.: Surf: Speeded up robust features. In: Leonardis, A., Bischof, H., Pinz A., (eds.) Proceedings of 9th European Conference on Computer Vision, pp. 404–417. Springer, Berlin (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Beacham, R., Nicolucci, F.: The London charter for the computer-based visualisation of cultural heritage. Technical report, King’s College London (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Bendicho, V.M.: International guidelines for virtual archaeology: The Seville principles. In: Corsi C., Slapsak, B., Vermeulen, F. (eds.) Good Practice in Archaeological Diagnostics: Non-invasive Survey of Complex Archaeological Sites, pp. 269–283. Springer International Publishing, Cham (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Beraldin, J.A., Blais, F., Cournoyer, L., Rioux, M., Bernier, F., Harrison, N.: Portable digital 3D imaging system for remote sites. In: Proceedings of 1998 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (Cat. No.98CH36187), pp. 488–493 (1998)

    Google Scholar 

  18. Beraldin, J.A., Guidi, G., Ciofi, S., Atzeni, C., et al.: Improvement of metric accuracy of digital 3D models through digital photogramme-try. a case study: Donatello’s Maddalena. In: Proceedings of International Symposium on 3D data Processing Visualization and Transmission, pp. 3–6 (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  19. Beraldin, J.A.: Integration of laser scanning and close-range photogrammetry - the last decade and beyond. In: ISPRS Archives – Volume XXXV Part B5 (2004). http://www.isprs.org/proceedings/xxxv/congress/comm5/papers/188.pdf

  20. Beraldin, J.A.: Modelling the Erechteion. Technical Report, National Research Council, Canada (2009). https://www.gim-international.com/content/article/modelling-the-erechteion

  21. Bernardini, F., Rushmeier, H., Martin, I., Mittleman, J., Taubin, G.: Building a digital model of Michelangelo’s florentine pieta. IEEE Comput. Graph. Appl. 22, 59–67 (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  22. Bernardini, F., Rushmeier, H.: The 3D model acquisition pipeline. Comput. Graph. Forum. 21, 149–172 (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  23. Bernardini, F., Mittleman, J., Rushmeier, H., Silva, C., Taubin, G.: The ball-pivoting algorithm for surface reconstruction. IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph. 5, 349–359 (1999)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Berners-Lee, T., Hendler, J., Lassila, O.: The semantic web. Sci. Am. 284, 34–43 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Blais, F., Taylor, J., Cournoyer, L., Picard, M., Borgeat, L., Godin, G., Beraldin, J.A., Rioux, M., Lahanier, C.: Ultra high-resolution 3D laser color imaging of paintings: the Monalisa by Leonardo da Vinci. In: Proceedings of 7th International Conference on Lasers in the Conservation of Artworks, pp. 1–8 (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  26. Blais, F.: Review of 20 years of range sensor development. J. Electron. Imaging 13, 231–243 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Böhler, W., Marbs, A.: 3D scanning instruments. In: Bohler, W., (ed.) Proceedings of the CIPA WG 6 International Workshop on Scanning for Cultural Heritage Recording, pp. 9–12 (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  28. Boltcheva, D., Lévy, B.: Simple and scalable surface reconstruction. Technical report, LORIA - Université de Lorraine; INRIA Nancy (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  29. Brown, B., Toler-Franklin, C., Nehab, D., Burns, M., Dobkin, D., Vlachopoulos, A., Doumas, C., Rusinkiewicz, S., Weyrich, T.: A system for high-volume acquisition and matching of fresco fragments. ACM Trans. Graph. 27(84), 1–9 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Bruno, F., Gallo, A., De Filippo, F., Muzzupappa, M., Davidde Petriaggi, B., Caputo, P.: 3D documentation and monitoring of the experimental cleaning operations in the underwater archaeological site of Baia (Italy). In: Proceedings of 2013 Digital Heritage International Congress (DigitalHeritage), pp. 105–112. IEEE (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  31. Bruno, F., Lagudi, A., Muzzupappa, M., Lupia, M., Cario, G., Barbieri, L., Passaro, S., Saggiomo, R.: Project visas: Virtual and augmented exploitation of submerged archaeological sites-overview and first results. Mar. Technol. Soc. J. 50, 119–129 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  32. Callieri, M., Pingi, P., Potenziani, M., Dellepiane, M., Pavoni, G., Lureau, A., Scopigno, R.: Alchemy in 3D: a digitization for a journey through matter. In: Proceedings of 2015 Digital Heritage, pp. 223–230. IEEE (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  33. Capra, A., Costantino, D., Rossi, G., Angelini, M., Leserri, M., Politecnico, D., Turismo, V.: Survey and 3d modelling of castel del monte. In: Proceedings of CIPA 2005 XX International Symposium, pp. 183–188 (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  34. Carboni, N., De Luca, L.: Towards a conceptual foundation for documenting tangible and intangible elements of a cultural object. Digit. Appl. Archaeol. Cult. Herit. 3, 108–116 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  35. Casali, F.: X-ray and neutron digital radiography and computed tomography for cultural heritage. In: Bradley, D., Creagh, D., (eds.) Physical Techniques in the Study of Art, Archaeology and Cultural Heritage, pp. 41–123. Elsevier (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  36. Cereatti, A., Della Croce, U., Sabatini, A.: Three-dimensional human kinematic estimation using magneto-inertial measurement units. In: Müller, B., Wolf, S., Brueggemann, G.P., Deng, Z., McIntosh, A., Miller, F., Selbie, W. (eds.) Hand-Book of Human Motion, pp. 1–24. Springer International Publishing, Cham (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  37. Chao, H., Shaw, J., Kenderdine, S.: 300 years of Bakka kung fu: digital vision of its legacy and future. Tech. report, International Guoshu Association, Hong Kong (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  38. De Luca, L., Veron, P., Florenzano, M.: Reverse engineering of architectural buildings based on a hybrid modeling approach. Comput. Graph. 30, 160–176 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. de Berg, M., Cheong, O., Kreveld, M.V., Overmars, M.: Delaunay triangulations. In: Computational Geometry, pp. 191–218. Springer, Berlin (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  40. Debevec, P.: The Parthenon. In: Proceedings of ACM SIGGRAPH 2004 Computer Animation Festival, p. 188. ACM, New York (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  41. Dellepiane, M., Dell’Unto, N., Callieri, M., Lindgren, S., Scopigno, R.: Archeological excavation monitoring using dense stereo matching techniques. J. Cult. Herit. 14, 201–210 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. Dell’Unto, N., Leander, A., Dellepiane, M., Callieri, M., Ferdani, D., Lindgren, S.: Digital reconstruction and visualization in archaeology: case-study drawn from the work of the Swedish Pompeii project. In: Proceedings of 2013 Digital Heritage International Congress (DigitalHeritage), pp. 621–628 (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  43. Demesticha, S., Skarlatos, D., Neophytou, A.: The 4th-century b.c. shipwreck at Mazotos, Cyprus: new techniques and methodologies in the 3D mapping of shipwreck excavations. J. F. Archaeol. 134–150 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  44. Denard, H.: A New Introduction to the London Charter. Ashgate Publishing Ltd (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  45. Denker, A.: Rebuilding Palmyra virtually: recreation of its former glory in digital space. Virtual Archaeol. Rev. 8(17), 20–30 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  46. Dhanapalan, B.: Capturing kathakali: Performance capture, digital aesthetics, and the classical dance of India. In: Proceedings of 2016 22nd International Conference on Virtual System and Multimedia (VSMM), pp. 1–7. IEEE, Kuala Lumpur (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  47. Diamanti, E., Vlachaki, F.: 3D recording of underwater antiquities in the South Euboean Gulf. ISPRS - Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spat. Inf. Sci. XL-5/W5, 93–98 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  48. Dimitropoulos, K., Tsalakanidou, F., Nikolopoulos, S., Kompatsiaris, I., Grammalidis, N., Manitsaris, S., Denby, B., Crevier-Buchman, L., Dupont, S., Charisis, V., Hadjile-ontiadis, L., Pozzi, F., Cotescu, M., Ciftci, S., Katos, A., Manitsaris, A.: A multimodal approach for the safeguarding and transmission of intangible cultural heritage: the case of i-Treasures. IEEE Intell. Syst. 33, 3–16 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  49. Doerr, M., Gradmann, S., Hennicke, S., Isaac, A.: The European Data Model (EDM). In: Proceedings of World Library and Information Congress: 76th IFLA General Conference and Assembly, pp. 1–12. Gothenburg, Sweden (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  50. Doerr, M.: The CIDOC conceptual reference module: an ontological approach to semantic interoperability of metadata. AI Mag. 24, 75–92 (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  51. Doneus, M., Miholjek, I., Mandlburger, G., Doneus, N., Verhoeven, G., Briese, C., Pregesbauer, M.: Airborne laser bathymetry for documentation of submerged archaeological sites in shallow water. ISPRS - Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spat. Inf. Sci. XL-5/W5, 99–107 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  52. Drap, P., Merad, D., Hijazi, B., Gaoua, L., Nawaf, M., Saccone, M., Chemisky, B., Seinturier, J., Sourisseau, J.C., Gambin, T., Castro, F.: Underwater photogrammetry and object modeling: a case study of Xlendi wreck in Malta. Sensors 15, 30351–30384 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  53. Drap, P., Seinturier, J., Hijazi, B., Merad, D., Boi, J.M., Chemisky, B., Seguin, E., Long, L.: The rov 3D project. J. Comput. Cult. Herit. 8, 1–24 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  54. El-Hakim, S., Beraldin, J., Picard, M., Godin, G.: Detailed 3D reconstruction of large-scale heritage sites with integrated techniques. IEEE Comput. Graph. Appl. 24, 21–29 (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  55. El-Hakim, S., Lapointe, J.F., Whiting, E.: Digital reconstruction and 4D presentation through time. In: Proceedings of ACM SIGGRAPH 2008 Talks, pp. 44:1–44:1. ACM, New York (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  56. Fieber, K., Mills, J., Peppa, M.V., Haynes, I., Turner, S., Turner, A., Douglas, M., Bryan, P.: Cultural heritage through time: a case study at Hadrian’s wall, United Kingdom. Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spat. Inf. Sci. - ISPRS Arch. 42, 297–302 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  57. Foni, A., Papagiannakis, G., Magnenat-Thalmann, N.: A taxonomy of visualization strategies for cultural heritage applications. J. Comput. Cult. Herit. 3, 1–21 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  58. Fontana, R., Greco, M., Materazzi, M., Pampaloni, E., Pezzati, L., Rocchini, C., Scopigno, R.: Three-dimensional modelling of statues: the Minerva of Arezzo. J. Cult. Herit. 3, 325–331 (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  59. Forte, M., Pescarin, S., Pietroni, E., Dell’Unto, N.: The Appia antica project. Archaeological landscapes through digital technologies. In: Forte, M. (ed.) Proceedings of the 2nd Italy United States Workshop, Rome, Italy, November, 2003; BAR International Series 1379. BAR Archaeopress, Oxford (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  60. Frischer, B., Abernathy, D., Guidi, G., Myers, J., Thibodeau, C., Salvemini, A., Müller, P., Hofstee, P., Minor, B.: Rome reborn. In: Proceedings of ACM SIGGRAPH, Article No. 34 (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  61. Frischer, B., Zotti, G., Mari, Z., Vittozzi, G.: Archaeoastronomical experiments supported by virtual simulation environments: celestial alignments in the Antinoeion at Hadrian’s villa (Tivoli, Italy). Digit. Appl. Archaeol. Cult. Herit. 3, 55–79 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  62. Frischer, B.: 3D data capture, restoration and online publication of sculpture. In: Campana, S., Remondino, F. (eds.) 3D Modeling in Archaeology and Cultural Heritage, pp. 137–144. BAR Archeopress, Oxford (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  63. Frischer, B.: Edmund Buchner’s solarium Augusti: New observations and simpirical studies. Atti della Pontif. Accad. Rom. di Archeol. 89, 80–81 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  64. Frischer, B.: Introduction with remarks on digital restoration of the Richmond Caligula and its methodological implications. Technical Report, University of Virginia (2013). http://www.digitalsculpture.org/papers/frischer/frischer_paper.htm

  65. Frischer, B.: Reconstructing Epicurus’ lost portrait statue. Technical Report, University of Virginia (2013). http://digitalsculpture.org/epicurus/index02.html

  66. Frischer, B.: The digital roman forum project: remediating the traditions of roman topography. In: Forte, M. (ed.) Proceedings of Acts of the 2nd Italy-United States Workshop, Rome, Italy, November, 2003; BAR International Series 1379, pp. 9–21. BAR Archaeopress, Oxford (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  67. Frischer, B., Abernathy, D., Caroli Giuliani, F., Scott, R., Ziemssen, H.: A new digital model of the roman forum. J. Roman Archaeol. JRA Suppl. Ser. Numb. 61, 163–182 (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  68. Fritsch, D., Wagner, J., Simon, S., Ceranski, B., Niklaus, M., Zhan, K., Schweizer, T., Wang, Z.: Gyrolog —- towards VR preservations of gyro instruments for historical and didactical research. In: Proceedings of 2018 Pacific Neighborhood Consortium Annual Conference and Joint Meetings (PNC), p. 1–7 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  69. Fryer, J., Fraser, C.: On the calibration of underwater cameras. Photogramm. Rec. 12, 73–85 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  70. Fusiello, A., Murino, V.: Augmented scene modeling and visualization by optical and acoustic sensor integration. IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph. 10, 625–636 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  71. Galeazzi, F., Callieri, M., Dellepiane, M., Charno, M., Richards, J., Scopigno, R.: Web-based visualization for 3D data in archaeology: the ads 3D viewer. J. Archaeol. Sci. Rep. 9, 1–11 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  72. Godin, G., Beraldin, J.A., Taylor, J., Cournoyer, L., Rioux, M., El-Hakim, S., Baribeau, R., Blais, F., Boulanger, P., Domey, J., Picard, M.: Active optical 3D imaging for heritage applications. IEEE Comput. Graph. Appl. 22, 24–35 (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  73. Godin, G., Rioux, M., Beraldin, J., Levoy, M., Cournoyer, L., Blais, F.: An assessment of laser range measurement on marble surfaces. In: Proceedings of 5th Conference on Optical 3D Measurement Techniques, pp. 49–56 (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  74. Gray, P., Storrs, G., du Boulay, J.: Knowledge representations for database metadata. Artif. Intell. Rev. 2, 3–29 (1988)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  75. Gruen, A., Remondino, F., Zhang, L.: Image-based reconstruction of the great Buddha of Bamiyan, Afghanistan. In: Proceedings of SPIE, vol. 5013. Videometrics VII (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  76. Guennebaud, G., Gross, M.: Algebraic point set surfaces. ACM Trans. Graph. 26, 23 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  77. Guidi, G., Atzeni, C., Seracini, M., Lazzari, S.: Painting survey by 3D optical scanning: the case of “Adorazione dei Magi” by Leonardo da Vinci. Stud. Conserv. 49, 1–12 (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  78. Guidi, G., Barsanti, S., Micoli, L., Russo, M.: Massive 3D digitization of museum contents. In: Toniolo, L., Boriani, M., Guidi, G., (eds.) Built Heritage: Monitoring Conservation Management, pp. 335–346. Springer, Berlin (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  79. Guidi, G., Beraldin, J.A., Atzeni, C.: High-accuracy 3D modeling of cultural heritage: the digitizing of Donatello’s “Maddalena”. IEEE Trans. Image Process. 13, 370–380 (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  80. Guidi, G., Beraldin, J.A., Atzeni, C.: Wood artworks monitoring through high-resolution 3D cameras. In: Proceedings of SPIE Videometrics IX, pp. 1–7 (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  81. Guidi, G., Cioci, A., Atzeni, C., Beraldin, J.A.: Accuracy verification and enhancement in 3D modeling: Application to Donatello’s maddalena. In: Proceedings of Fourth International Conference on 3D Digital Imaging and Modeling, pp. 334–341 (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  82. Guidi, G., Malik, U., Frischer, B., Barandoni, C., Paolucci, F.: The Indiana University-Uffizi project: Metrological challenges and workflow for massive 3D digitization of sculptures. In: Proceedings of 2017 23rd International Conference on Virtual System and Multimedia (VSMM), pp. 1–8. IEEE, Dublin, Ireland (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  83. Guidi, G., Micoli, L., Gonizzi, S., Navarro, P., Russo, M.: 3D digitizing a whole museum: a metadata centered workflow. p. 307–310. IEEE (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  84. Guidi, G., Remondino, F., Russo, M., Menna, F., Rizzi, A., Ercoli, S.: A multi-resolution methodology for the 3D modeling of large and complex archaeological areas. Int. J. Archit. Comput. 7, 39–56 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  85. Guidi, G., Remondino, F., Russo, M., Spinetti, A.: Range sensors on marble surfaces: quantitative evaluation of artifacts. In: Proceedings of SPIE on Videometrics, Range Imaging, and Applications X, pp. 744703 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  86. Guidi, G., Remondino, F.: 3D modelling from real data. In: Modeling and Simulation in Engineering, pp. 69–102. IntechOpen Limited (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  87. Guidi, G., Russo, M., Angheleddu, D.: 3D survey and virtual reconstruction of archeological sites. Digit. Appl. Archaeol. Cult. Herit. 1, 55–69 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  88. Guidi, G., Spinetti, A., Carosso, L., Atzeni, C.: Digital three-dimensional modelling of Donatello’s David by frequency-modulated laser radar. Stud. Conserv. 54, 3–11 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  89. Guidi, G., Tucci, G., Beraldin, J.A.A., Ciofi, S., Damato, V., Ostuni, D., Costanti-no, F., El Hakim, S.: Multiscale archaeological survey based on the integration of 3D scanning and photogrammetry. In: Proceedings of CIPA WG 6 International Workshop on Scanning for Cultural Heritage Recording, pp. 13–18 (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  90. Hagmann, D.: Reflections on the use of social networking sites as an interactive tool for data dissemination in digital archaeology. Interdiscip. Archaeol. - Nat. Sci. Archaeol. IX, 7–20 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  91. Howard, R., Björk, B.C.: Building information modelling - experts’ views on standardisation and industry deployment. Adv. Eng. Inform. 22, 271–280 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  92. ICOMOS: Draft resolutions of the general assembly. Technical report, 19th General Assembly of ICOMOS New Delhi, India (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  93. Ikeuchi, K., Oishi, T., Takamatsu, J., Sagawa, R., Nakazawa, A., Kurazume, R., Nishino, K., Kamakura, M., Okamoto, Y.: The great Buddha project: digitally archiving, restoring, and analyzing cultural heritage objects. Int. J. Comput. Vis. 75, 189–208 (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  94. Initiative, F.F.A.D.G.: Technical guidelines for digitizing cultural heritage materials: Creation of raster image master files. Technical Report, Federal Agencies Digitization Guidelines Initiative (2017). http://www.digitizationguidelines.gov/

  95. Jacobs, G.: New large-scale 3D laser scanning, modeling & visualization technology provides advanced capabilities for scene reconstruction and interpretation. In: Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, pp. 92 – 101 (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  96. Johnson-Roberson, M., Bryson, M., Friedman, A., Pizarro, O., Troni, G., Ozog, P., Henderson, J.: High-resolution underwater robotic vision-based mapping and three-dimensional reconstruction for archaeology. J. F. Robot. 34, 625–643 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  97. Kan, H., Katagiri, C., Nakanishi, Y., Yoshizaki, S., Nagao, M., Ono, R.: Assessment and significance of a World War II battle site: recording the USS Emmons using a high-resolution DEM combining multibeam bathymetry and SFM photogrammetry. Int. J. Naut. Archaeol. 47, 267–280 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  98. Karaszewski, M., Adamczyk, M., Sitnik, R., Michoński, J., Załuski, W., Bunsch, E., Bolewicki, P.: Automated full-3D digitization system for documentation of paintings. In: Pezzati, L., Targowski, P., (eds.) Proceedings of SPIE Optical Metrology, p. 87900X (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  99. Kazhdan, M., Bolitho, M., Hoppe, H.: Poisson surface reconstruction. In: Proceedings of Eurographics Symposium on Geometry Processing, pp. 61–70 (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  100. Kazhdan, M., Hoppe, H.: Screened Poisson surface reconstruction. ACM Trans. Graph. 32, 1–13 (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  101. Kenderdine, S., Shaw, J.: Archives in motion: motion as meaning. In: Grau, O., Coones, W., Rühse, V. (eds.) Museum and Archive on the Move: Changing Cultural Institutions in the Digital Era, pp. 211–233. De Gruyter, Berlin (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  102. Khunti, R.: The problem with printing Palmyra: exploring the ethics of using 3D printing technology to reconstruct heritage. Stud. Digit. Herit. 3, 1–12 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  103. Koller, D., Jennifer, T., Tina, N., Natasha, G., Marc, L.: Fragments of the City: stanford’s digital forma urbis Romae project. J. Roman Archaeol. 61. In: Proceedings of the Third Williams Symposium on Classical Architecture, pp. 237–252. Rome, Italy, 20–23 May (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  104. Koller, D., Turitzin, M., Levoy, M., Tarini, M., Croccia, G., Cignoni, P., Scopigno, R.: Protected interactive 3D graphics via remote rendering. ACM Trans. Graph. 23, 695–703 (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  105. Lai, L., Sordini, M., Campana, S., Usai, L., Condò, F.: 4D recording and analysis: the case study of nuraghe Oes (Giave, Sardinia). Digit. Appl. Archaeol. Cult. Herit. 2, 233–239 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  106. Lasaponara, R., Coluzzi, R., Masini, N.: Flights into the past: full-waveform airborne laser scanning data for archaeological investigation. J. Archaeol. Sci. 38, 2061–2070 ((2011)

    Google Scholar 

  107. Laycock, S., Bell, G., Corps, N., Mortimore, D., Cox, G., May, S., Finkel, I.: Using a combination of micro-computed tomography, cad and 3D printing techniques to reconstruct incomplete 19th-century cantonese chess pieces. J. Comput. Cult. Herit. 7, 1–6 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  108. Levoy, M., Pulli, K., Curless, B., Rusinkiewicz, S., Koller, D., Pereira, L., Ginzton, M., Anderson, S., Davis, J., Ginsberg, J., Shade, J., Fulk, D., Pulli, K., Koller, D., Anderson, S., Shade, J., Curless, B., Pereira, L., Davis, J., Fulk, D.: The digital Michelangelo project: 3D scanning of large statues. In: Proceedings of SIGGRAPH, pp. 131–144 (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  109. Lichti, D., Gordon, S., Stewart, M.: Ground-based laser scanners: operation, systems and applications. Geomatica 56, 21–33 (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  110. Lorensen, W., Cline, H.: Marching cubes: a high resolution 3D surface construction algorithm. In: Proceedings of the 14th Annual Conference on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques - SIGGRAPH ’87, pp. 163–169. ACM Press, New York (1987)

    Google Scholar 

  111. Lowe, D.: Distinctive image features from scale-invariant keypoints. Int. J. Comput. Vis. 60, 91–110 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  112. Ma, Z., Liu, S.: A review of 3D reconstruction techniques in civil engineering and their applications. Adv. Eng. Inform. 37, 163–174 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  113. Macdonald, S., Nelson, T.: A space for innovation and experimentation: university museums as test beds for new digital technologies. In: A Handbook for Academic Museums: Beyond Exhibitions and Education, pp. 418–444 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  114. Malik, U., Guidi, G.: Massive 3d digitization of sculptures: methodological approaches for improving efficiency. IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng. 364, 012,015 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  115. Mallik, A., Chaudhury, S., Ghosh, H.: Nrityakosha: preserving the intangible heritage of Indian classical dance. J. Comput. Cult. Herit. 4, (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  116. Mayer, L., Calder, B., Schmidt, J., Malzone, C.: Providing the third dimension: High-resolution multibeam sonar as a tool for archaeological investigations - an example from the D-Day beaches of Normandy. University of New Hampshire, Technical report (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  117. McCarthy, J., Benjamin, J.: Multi-image photogrammetry for underwater archaeological site recording: an accessible, diver-based approach. J. Marit. Archaeol. 9, 95–114 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  118. Menna, F., Agrafiotis, P., Georgopoulos, A.: State of the art and applications in archaeological underwater 3D recording and mapping. J. Cult. Herit. 33, 231–248 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  119. Messaoudi, T., Véron, P., Halin, G., De Luca, L.: An ontological model for the reality-based 3D annotation of heritage building conservation state. J. Cult. Herit. 29, 100–112 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  120. Meyer, D., Fraijo, E., Lo, E., Rissolo, D., Kuester, F.: Optimizing UAV systems for rapid survey and reconstruction of large scale cultural heritage sites. In: Proceedings of 2015 Digital Heritage, pp. 151–154. IEEE (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  121. Mongy, T.: Application of neutron tomography in culture heritage research. Appl. Radiat. Isot. 85, 54–59 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  122. Morigi, M., Casali, F., Bettuzzi, M., Brancaccio, R., D’Errico, V.: Application of X-ray computed tomography to cultural heritage diagnostics. Appl. Phys. A 100, 653–661 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  123. Morishima, K., Kuno, M., Nishio, A., Kitagawa, N., Manabe, Y., Moto, M., Takasaki, F., Fujii, H., Satoh, K., Kodama, H., Hayashi, K., Odaka, S., Procureur, S., Attié, D., Bouteille, S., Calvet, D., Filosa, C., Magnier, P., Mandjavidze, I., Riallot, M., Marini, B., Gable, P., Date, Y., Sugiura, M., Elshayeb, Y., Elnady, T., Ezzy, M., Guerriero, E., Steiger, V., Serikoff, N., Mouret, J.B., Charlès, B., Helal, H., Tayoubi, M.: Discovery of a big void in Khufu’s pyramid by observation of cosmic-ray muons. Nature 552, 386 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  124. Murphy, M., McGovern, E., Pavia, S.: Historic building information modelling - adding intelligence to laser and image based surveys of European classical architecture. ISPRS J. Photogramm. Remote Sens. 76, 89–102 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  125. Newsroom, I.B.: IU and Uffizi gallery partner to digitize in 3D the museum’s Greek and Roman sculpture collection. Technical Report, Indiana University (2016). http://archive.news.indiana.edu/releases/iu/2016/05/iu-uffizi-gallery-partnership-digitize-sculptures.shtml

  126. Nicolucci, F.: Virtual archaeology: an introduction. In: Virtual archaeology: Proceedings of the VAST Euroconference, Arezzo 24–25 November 2000, pp. 3–6 (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  127. O’Driscoll, J.: Landscape applications of photogrammetry using unmanned aerial vehicles. J. Archaeol. Sci. Rep. 22, 32–44 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  128. Office, S.D.P.: Smithsonian x 3D. Technical Report, Smithsonian 3D Labs (2018). https://3d.si.edu

  129. Pakzad, A., Iacoviello, F., Ramsey, A., Speller, R., Griffiths, J., Freeth, T., Gibson, A.: Improved X-ray computed tomography reconstruction of the largest fragment of the antikythera mechanism, an ancient greek astronomical calculator. PLoS One 13, 1–11 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  130. Pamart, A., Ponchio, F., Abergel, V., Alaoui M’Darhri, A., Corsini, M., Dellepiane, M., Morlet, F., Scopigno, R., De Luca, L.: A complete framework operating spatially-oriented RTI in a 3D/2D cultural heritage documentation and analysis tool. ISPRS - Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spat. Inf. Sci. XLII-2/W9, 573–580 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  131. Petras, V., Stiller, J.: A decade of evaluating Europeana - constructs, contexts, methods and criteria. In: Kamps, J., Tsakonas, G., Manolopoulos, Y., Iliadis, L., Karydis, I. (eds.) Research and Advanced Technology for Digital Libraries: Proceedings of 21st International Conference on Theory and Practice of Digital Libraries, TPDL, pp. 233–245 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  132. Petros, P.: Cultural heritage documentation. In: Applications of 3D Measurement from Images, pp. 225–250. Whittle Publishing Co., United Kingdom (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  133. Pieraccini, M., Guidi, G., Atzeni, C.: 3D digitizing of cultural heritage. J. Cult. Herit. 2, 63–70 (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  134. Potenziani, M., Callieri, M., Dellepiane, M., Corsini, M., Ponchio, F., Scopigno, R.: 3Dhop: 3D heritage online presenter. Comput. Graph. 52, 129–141 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  135. Potier, S., Maltret, J., Zoller, J.: Computer graphics: assistance for archaelogical hypotheses. Autom. Constr. 9, 117–128 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  136. Ranzuglia, G., Callieri, M., Dellepiane, M., Cignoni, P., Scopigno, R.: Meshlab as a complete tool for the integration of photos and color with high resolution 3D geometry data. In: CAA 2012 Conference Proceedings, pp. 406–416. Pallas Publications - Amsterdam University Press (AUP) (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  137. Reilly, P.: Towards a virtual archaeology. In: Proceedings of CAA90. Computer Applications and Quantitative Methods in Archaeology, pp. 132–139 (1991)

    Google Scholar 

  138. Riccardelli, C., Morris, M., Wheeler, G., Soultanian, J., Becker, L., Street, R.: The treatment of Tullio Lombardo’s Adam: A new approach to the conservation of monumental marble sculpture. Metrop. Museum J. 49, 48–116 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  139. Rioux, M.: Digital 3D imaging: theory and applications. In: SPIE Proceedings, Videometrics III, vol. 2350, pp. 2314–2350 (1994)

    Google Scholar 

  140. Robson, S., Bucklow, S., Woodhouse, N., Papadakia, H.: Periodic photogrammetric monitoring and surface reconstruction of a historical wood panel painting for restoration purposes. In: International Archives of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, pp. 395–400 (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  141. Robson, S., MacDonald, S., Were, G., Hess, M.: 3D recording and museums. In: Warwick, C., Terras, M., Hyhan, J. (eds.) Digital Humanities in Practice, pp. 91–115. Facet Publishing, London (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  142. Roller, D.: An approach to computer-aided parametric design. Comput. Des. 23, 385–391 (1991)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  143. Roussou, M.: Virtual heritage: from the research lab to the broad public. In: Virtual Archaeology: Proceedings of the VAST Euroconference, Arezzo 24–25 November 2000, pp. 93–100 (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  144. Russo, M., Guidi, G.: Diachronic 3D reconstruction for lost cultural heritage. In: Remondino, F., (ed.) Proceedings of 4th International Workshop 3D-ARCH, ISPRS, Trento, Italy, pp. 1–6 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  145. Santos, P., Ritz, M., Tausch, R., Schmedt, H., Rodriguez, R., Fuhrmann, C., Domajnko, M., Knuth, M., Fellner, D.: Cultlab3D - fast and economic 3D mass-digitization. In: Pescarin, S., Cano, P., Grande, A., (eds.) Proceedings of International Congress on Digital Heritage - EXPO. IEEE (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  146. Shan, J., Toth, C.: Topographic Laser Ranging and Scanning: Principles and Processing. CRC Press (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  147. Shannon, C.: A mathematical theory of communication. Bell Syst. Tech. J. (1948)

    Google Scholar 

  148. Shi, S., Hsu, C.H.: A survey of interactive remote rendering systems. ACM Comput. Surv. 47, 57:1–57:29 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  149. Shortis, M.: Calibration techniques for accurate measurements by underwater camera systems. Sensors 15, 30810–30826 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  150. Shuai, L., Li, C., Guo, X., Prabhakaran, B., Chai, J.: Motion capture with ellipsoidal skeleton using multiple depth cameras. IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph. 23, 1085–1098 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  151. Singh, G.: Cultlab3D - digitizing cultural heritage. IEEE Comput. Graph. Appl. 34, 4–5 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  152. Siotto, E., Dellepiane, M., Callieri, M., Scopigno, R., Gratziu, C., Moscato, A., Burgio, L., Legnaioli, S., Lorenzetti, G., Palleschi, V.: A multidisciplinary approach for the study and the virtual reconstruction of the ancient polychromy of roman sarcophagi. J. Cult. Herit. 16(3), 307–314 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  153. Soler, F., Melero, F., Luzón, M.: A complete 3D information system for cultural heritage documentation. J. Cult. Herit. 23, 49–57 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  154. Soucy, M., Laurendeau, D.: A general surface approach to the integration of a set of range views. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 17, 344–358 (1995)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  155. Sternberg, H., Kersten, T., Jahn, I., Kinzel, R.: Terrestrial 3D laser scanning – data acquisition and object modeling for industrial as-built documentation and architectural applications. In: The International Archives of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, vol. XXXV, pp. 942–947 (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  156. Taylor, J., Beraldin, J.A., Godin, G., Cournoyer, L., Baribeau, R., Blais, F., Rioux, M., Domey, J.: NRC 3D imaging technology for museum and heritage applications. J. Vis. Comput. Animat. 14, 121–138 (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  157. Taylor, J., Beraldin, J., Godin, G.: 3D imaging collaboration between the national research council of Canada and European museums and cultural organizations. In: Proceedings of the Electronic Imaging and the Visual Arts (EVA 2001), pp. 1–11. NRC, Montreal, Quebec, CA (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  158. Turk, G., Levoy, M.: Zippered polygon meshes from range images. In: Proceedings of the 21st Annual Conference on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques, pp. 311–318. ACM, New York (1994)

    Google Scholar 

  159. UNESCO: 2003 Convention for the safeguarding of the intangible cultural heritage. Technical report, UNESCO (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  160. UNESCO: Convention on the protection of the underwater cultural heritage. Technical report, UNESCO (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  161. Velios, A., John, H.: Digital reconstruction of fragmented archaeological objects. Stud Conserv 52(1), 19–36 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1179/sic.2007.52.1.19

  162. Ware, C.: Information Visualization. Perception for Design, 3rd edn. Elsevier, Amsterdam (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  163. Winsberg, E.: Computer simulations in science. In: Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy Archive, Summer 2018 Edition, Stanford University (2018). https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/sum2018/entries/simulations--science/

  164. Ynnerman, A., Rydell, T., Antoine, D., Hughes, D., Persson, A., Ljung, P.: Interactive visualization of 3D scanned mummies at public venues. Commun. ACM 59, 72–81 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  165. Zaman, T., Jonker, P., Lenseigne, B., Dik, J.: Simultaneous capture of the color and topography of paintings using fringe encoded stereo vision. Herit. Sci. 2, Article 23 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  166. Zhang, Y., Li, K., Chen, X., Zhang, S., Geng, G.: A multi feature fusion method for reassembly of 3D cultural heritage artifacts. J. Cult. Herit. 33, 191–200 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Politecnico di Milano, 20156, Milan, Italy

    Gabriele Guidi

  2. Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47401, USA

    Bernard D. Frischer

Authors
  1. Gabriele Guidi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Bernard D. Frischer
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Gabriele Guidi .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Computer Science, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, Lancashire, UK

    Yonghuai Liu

  2. Department of Computer Science, University of York, York, UK

    Nick Pears

  3. School of Computer Science and Informatics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK

    Paul L. Rosin

  4. Department of Computer Science, University of York, York, UK

    Patrik Huber

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Guidi, G., Frischer, B.D. (2020). 3D Digitization of Cultural Heritage. In: Liu, Y., Pears, N., Rosin, P.L., Huber, P. (eds) 3D Imaging, Analysis and Applications. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-44070-1_13

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-44070-1_13

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-44069-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-44070-1

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation