Abstract
During the last two decades, regional exploration coupled with dense geographic sampling, new molecular techniques, and phylogeographic approaches have led to the discovery of unexpected hidden diversity. These data have expanded inferences about evolutionary and demographic processes to explain patterns of geographic genetic distribution, phylogenetic history, and morphological characteristics. This chapter summarizes current knowledge of species boundaries and possible underlying processes, highlighting the extent of hybridization and its possible role for the lack of strongly supported phylogenetic relationships within several species groups.
Keywords
- Phylogeography
- Phylogeny
- Hybridization
- Patagonia
- Hidden diversity
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences
Abdala CS (2007) Phylogeny of the boulengeri group (Iguania: Liolaemidae, Liolaemus) based on morphological and molecular characters. Zootaxa 1538:1–84
Abdala CS, Quinteros AS, Scrocchi GJ et al (2010) Three new species of the Liolaemus elongatus group (Iguania: Liolaemidae) from Argentina. Cuad Herpetol 24(2):93–109
Abdala CS, Semhan RV, Moreno Azocar DL et al (2012) Taxonomic study and morphology based phylogeny of the patagonic clade Liolaemus melanops group (Iguania: Liolaemidae), with the description of three new taxa. Zootaxa 3163:1–32
Abdala V, Tulli MJ, Russell AP et al (2014) Anatomy of the crus and pes of neotropical iguanian lizards in relation to habitat use and digitally based grasping capabilities. Anat Rec 297(3):397–409
Abdala CS, Baldo D, Juárez RA et al (2016) The first parthenogenetic Pleurodont Iguanian: a new all-female Liolaemus (Squamata: Liolaemidae) from western Argentina. Copeia 104(2):487–497
Avila LJ, Morando M, Sites JW Jr et al (2006) Congeneric phylogeography: hypothesizing species limits and evolutionary processes in Patagonian lizards of the Liolaemus boulengeri group (Squamata: Liolaemini). Biol J Linn Soc 89:241–275
Avila LJ, Abdala CS, Morando M et al (2008a) Una nueva especie de lagartija del grupo boulengeri del norte de Santa Cruz, Argentina. (Squamata: Iguania: Liolaemini). Paper presented at the IX Congreso Argentino de Herpetología, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, San Luis
Avila LJ, Morando M, Sites JW Jr et al (2008b) New species of the Iguanian lizard genus Liolaemus (Squamata, Iguania, Liolaemini) from Central Patagonia, Argentina. J Herpetol 42(1):186–196
Avila LJ, Morando M, Pérez DR et al (2010) A new species of the Liolaemus elongatus clade (Reptilia: Iguania: Liolaemini) from Cordillera del Viento, northwestern Patagonia, Neuquén, Argentina. Zootaxa 2667:28–42
Avila LJ, Pérez CHF, Pérez DR et al (2011) Two new mountain lizard species of the Phymaturus genus (Squamata: Iguania) from northwestern Patagonia, Argentina. Zootaxa 2924:1–21
Avila LJ, Perez CHF, Medina CD et al (2012) A new species lizard of the Liolaemus elongatus clade (Squamata: Iguania: Liolaemini) from Curi Leuvu River Valley, northern Patagonia, Neuquén, Argentina. Zootaxa 3325:37–52
Avila LJ, Minoli I, Morando M et al (2014) A new lizard of the Phymaturus genus (Squamata: Liolaemidae) from Sierra Grande, northeastern Patagonia, Argentina. Zootaxa 3793(1):99–118
Avila LJ, Medina CD, Perez CHF et al (2015) Molecular phylogenetic relationships of the Liolaemus elongatus clade (Iguania: Liolaemini) and a new species of lizard from an isolated volcanic peak in northern Patagonia. Zootaxa 3947:67–84
Avila LJ, Perez CHF, Minoli I et al (2017) New species of Liolaemus (Reptilia, Squamata, Liolaemini) of the Liolaemus donosobarrosi clade from northwestern Patagonia, Neuquén province, Argentina. Zootaxa 4362(4):535–563
Avise JC, Arnold J, Ball RM et al (1987) Intraspecific phylogeography: the mitochondrial DNA bridge between population genetics and systematics. Annu Rev Ecol Syst 18(1):489–522
Baranzelli MC, Cosacov A, Espíndola A et al (2018) Echoes of the whispering land: interacting roles of vicariance and selection in shaping the evolutionary divergence of two Calceolaria (Calceolariaceae) species from Patagonia and Malvinas/Falkland Islands. Evol Ecol 32(2–3):287–314
Becker LA, Boretto JM, Cabezas-Cartes F et al (2019) An integrative approach to elucidate the taxonomic status of five species of Phymaturus Gravenhorst, 1837 (Squamata: Liolaemidae) from northwestern Patagonia, Argentina. Zool J Linnean Soc 185(1):268–282
Breitman MF (2013) Filogenia, Filogeografía y Patrones de Diversificación en la sección L. lineomaculatus (Iguania: Liolaemini) de América del Sur Austral. Dissertation, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Cordoba
Breitman MF, Avila LJ, Sites JW Jr et al (2011a) Lizards from the end of the world: phylogenetic relationships of the Liolaemus lineomaculatus section (Squamata: Iguania: Liolaemini). Mol Phylogenet Evol 59(2):364–376
Breitman MF, Parra M, Perez CHF et al (2011b) Two new species of lizards from the Liolaemus lineomaculatus section (Squamata: Iguania: Liolaemidae) from southern Patagonia. Zootaxa 3120:1–28
Breitman MF, Avila LJ, Sites JW Jr et al (2012) How lizards survived blizzards: phylogeography of the Liolaemus lineomaculatus group (Liolaemidae) reveals multiple breaks and refugia in southern Patagonia and their concordance with other codistributed taxa. Mol Ecol 21(24):6068–6085
Breitman MF, Morando M, Avila LJ et al (2013) Past and present taxonomy of the Liolaemus lineomaculatus section (Liolaemidae): is the morphological arrangement hypothesis valid? Zool J Linnean Soc 168(3):612–668
Breitman MF, Bonino MF, Sites JW Jr et al (2015) Morphological variation, niche divergence, and phylogeography of lizards of the Liolaemus lineomaculatus section (Liolaemini) from southern Patagonia. Herpetol Monogr 29(1):65–88
Brito D (2010) Overcoming the Linnean shortfall: data deficiency and biological survey priorities. Basic Appl Ecol 11(8):709–713
Camargo A, Avila LJ, Morando M et al (2012a) Accuracy and precision of species trees: effects of locus, individual, and base pair sampling on inference of species trees in lizards of the Liolaemus darwinii group (Squamata, Liolaemidae). Syst Biol 61(2):272–288
Camargo A, Morando M, Avila LJ et al (2012b) Species delimitation with ABC and other coalescent-based methods: a test of accuracy with simulations and an empirical example with lizards of the Liolaemus darwinii complex (Squamata: Liolaemidae). Evolution 66(9):2834–2849. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.2012.01640.x
Camargo A, Werneck FP, Morando M et al (2013) Quaternary range and demographic expansion of Liolaemus darwinii (Squamata: Liolaemidae) in the Monte Desert of Central Argentina using Bayesian phylogeography and ecological niche modelling. Mol Ecol 22(15):4038–4054
Chiappe LM, Coria RA, Dingus L et al (1998) Sauropod dinosaur embryos from the Late Cretaceous of Patagonia. Nature 396(6708):258
Chiappe L, Dingus L, Jackson F et al (2000) Sauropod eggs and embryos from the Late Cretaceous of Patagonia. In: First international symposium on dinosaur eggs and babies Isona, Spain, Extended abstracts, pp 23–29
Chiappe LM, Salgado L, Coria RA (2001) Embryonic skulls of titanosaur sauropod dinosaurs. Science 293(5539):2444–2446
Corbalán V, Debandi G, Scolaro JA et al (2016) DNA barcoding of Phymaturus lizards reveals conflicts in species delimitation within the patagonicus clade. J Herpetol 50(4):654–666
Corbalán V, Vicenzi N, Moreno Azócar DL et al (2018) Chromatic variability and sexual dimorphism in the rocky lizard Phymaturus verdugo. Can J Zool 96(12):1317–1325
Cosacov A, Cocucci AA, Sérsic AN (2012) Variación geográfica de la recompensa floral de Calceolaria polyrhiza (Calceolariaceae): Influencia de factores bióticos y abióticos. Boletín de la Sociedad Argentina de Botánica 47(3–4):363–373
Díaz Gómez JM (2011) Estimating ancestral ranges: testing methods with a clade of Neotropical lizards (Iguania: Liolaemidae). PLoS One 6(10):e26412
Dingus L, Clarke J, Scott GR et al (2000) Stratigraphy and magnetostratigraphic/faunal constraints for the age of sauropod embryo-bearing rocks in the Neuquén Group (Late Cretaceous, Neuquén Province, Argentina). Am Mus Novit 2000(3290):1–11
Diniz-Filho JAF, Loyola RD, Raia P et al (2013) Darwinian shortfalls in biodiversity conservation. Trends Ecol Evol 28(12):689–695
Edwards SV, Potter S, Schmitt CJ et al (2016) Reticulation, divergence, and the phylogeography–phylogenetics continuum. Proc Natl Acad Sci 113(29):8025–8032
Elmer K (2019) Adaptation and evolution of alternative reproductive modes. Paper presented at the European Society for Evolutionary Biology, Turku
Escudero PC, Minoli I, Frutos N et al (2012) Estudio comparativo del melanismo en lagartijas del grupo Liolaemus fitzingerii (Liolaemini: Liolaemus). Cuad Herpetol 26(2):79–89
Escudero PC, Minoli I, Gonzalez Marin MA et al (2016) Melanism and ontogeny: a case study in lizards of the Liolaemus fitzingerii group (Squamata: Liolaemini). Can J Zool 94(3):199–206
Espinoza RE, Wiens JJ, Tracy CR (2004) Recurrent evolution of herbivory in small, cold-climate lizards: breaking the ecophysiological rules of reptilian herbivory. Proc Natl Acad Sci 101(48):16819–16824
Esquerré D, Brennan IG, Catullo RA et al (2019a) How mountains shape biodiversity: the role of the Andes in biogeography, diversification, and reproductive biology in South America’s most species-rich lizard radiation (Squamata: Liolaemidae). Evolution 73(2):214–230
Esquerré D, Ramírez-Álvarez D, Pavón-Vázquez CJ et al (2019b) Speciation across mountains: phylogenomics, species delimitation and taxonomy of the Liolaemus leopardinus clade (Squamata, Liolaemidae). Mol Phylogenet Evol. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2019.106524
Etheridge R (1993) Lizards of the Liolaemus darwinii complex (Squamata: Iguania: Tropiduridae) in northern Argentina. Boll Mus Reg di Sci Nat Torino 119:137–199
Etheridge R (1995) Redescription of Ctenoblepharis adspersa Tschudi, 1845, and the taxonomy of Liolaemidae (Reptilia, Squamata, Tropiduridae). Am Mus Novit 3142:1–34
Feltrin N (2013) Conservadurismo o divergencia de nicho filogenético: especies patagonicas del grupo petrophilus (Squamata: Liolaemus) como caso de estudio. Dissertation, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba
Femenías M, Avila LJ, Sites JW, Morando M et al (2020) The enigmatic Leiosaurae clade: Phylogeography, species delimitation, phylogeny and historical biogeography of its southernmost species. Mol Phylogenet Evol. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2019.106725
Fontanella FM, Olave M, Avila LJ, Sites JW Jr, Morando M (2012) Molecular dating and diversification of the South American lizard genus Liolaemus (subgenus Eulaemus) based on nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequences. Zool J Linnean Soc 164:825–835
Grummer JA (2017) Evolutionary history of the Patagonian Liolaemus fitzingerii species group of Lizards. Dissertation, University of Washington
Grummer JA, Morando MM, Avila LJ et al (2018) Phylogenomic evidence for a recent and rapid radiation of lizards in the Patagonian Liolaemus fitzingerii species group. Mol Phylogenet Evol 125:243–254
Hellmich WC (1951) On ecotypic and autotypic characters, a contribution to the knowledge of the evolution of the genus Liolaemus (Iguanidae). Evolution 5(4):359–369
Hibbard TN, Andrade-Díaz MS, Díaz-Gómez JM (2018) But they move! Vicariance and dispersal in southern South America: using two methods to reconstruct the biogeography of a clade of lizards endemic to South America. PLoS One 13(9):e0202339
Irisarri I, Singh P, Koblmüller S, Torres-Dowdall J, Henning F, Franchini P, Fischer C, Lemmon AR, Moriarty Lemmon E, Thallinger GG, Sturmbauer C, Meyer A et al (2018) Phylogenomics uncovers early hybridization and adaptive loci shaping the radiation of Lake Tanganyika cichlid fishes. Nature Communications volume 9, Article number: 3159
Kim I, Phillips CJ, Monjeau JA et al (1998) Habitat islands, genetic diversity, and gene flow in a Patagonian rodent. Mol Ecol 7(6):667–678. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-294x.1998.00369.x
King B, Lee MS (2015) Ancestral state reconstruction, rate heterogeneity, and the evolution of reptile viviparity. Syst Biol 64(3):532–544
Knowles LL (2009) Statistical phylogeography. Annu Rev Ecol Evol Syst 40:593–612
Kozak KM, Wahlberg N, Neild AFE, Dasmahapatra JM, Jiggins CD et al (2015) Multilocus species trees show the recent adaptive radiation of the mimetic Heliconius butterflies. Syst. Bio. 64(3):505–524
Laurent RF (1983) Contribución al conocimiento de la estructura taxonómica del género Liolaemus Wiegmann (Iguanidae). Boletín de la Asociación Herpetológica Argentina 1:15–18
Lessa EP, D’Elía G, Pardiñas UFJ (2010) Genetic footprints of late quaternary climate change in the diversity of Patagonian-Fueguian rodents. Mol Ecol 19(15):3031–3037. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2010.04734.x
Lobo F, Quinteros S (2005a) A morphology-based phylogeny of Phymaturus (Iguania: Liolaemidae) with the description of four new species from Argentina. Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 45(13):143–177
Lobo F, Quinteros S (2005b) Taxonomic studies of the genus Phymaturus (Iguania: Liolaemidae): redescription of Phymaturus patagonicus Koslowsky 1898, and revalidation and redescription of Phymaturus spurcus Barbour 1921. J Herpetol 39(4):533–541
Lobo F, Cruz FB, Abdala CS (2012) Multiple lines of evidence show that Phymaturus agilis Scolaro, Ibargüengoytía & Pincheira-Donoso, 2008 is a junior synonym of Phymaturus spectabilis Lobo & Quinteros, 2005. Cuad Herpetol 26(1):21–27
Lobo F, Barrasso DA, Hibbard T et al (2016) On the evolution and diversification of an Andean clade of reptiles: combining morphology and DNA sequences of the palluma group (Liolaemidae: Phymaturus). Zool J Linnean Soc 176(3):648–673
Lobo F, Barrasso DA, Paz M et al (2018) Phylogenetic relationships within a patagonian clade of reptiles (Liolaemidae: Phymaturus) based on DNA sequences and morphology. J Zool Syst Evol Res 56(4):549–569
Malinsky M, Svardal H, Tyers AM, Miska EA, Genner MJ, Turner GF, Durbin R et al (2018) Whole-genome sequences of Malawi cichlids reveal multiple radiations interconnected by gene flow. Nature Ecology & Evolution. 2,1940–1955
Marín AG, Olave M, Avila LJ et al (2018) Evidence of body size and shape stasis driven by selection in Patagonian lizards of the Phymaturus patagonicus clade (Squamata: Liolaemini). Mol Phylogenet Evol 129:226–241
Markgraf V, McGlone M, Hope G (1995) Neogene paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic change in southern temperate ecosystems—a southern perspective. Trends Ecol Evol 10(4):143–147
Martínez LE (2012) Métodos empíricos para delimitar especies: el complejo Liolaemus bibronii (Squamata: Liolaemini) como ejemplo. Dissertation, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba
Martínez OA, Coronato AM (2008) The late Cenozoic fluvial deposits of Argentine Patagonia. Dev Quat Sci 11:205–226
Martínez OA, Kutschker A (2011) The ‘Rodados Patagónicos’ (Patagonian shingle formation) of eastern Patagonia: environmental conditions of gravel sedimentation. Biol J Linn Soc 103(2):336–345. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.2011.01651.x
Martínez LE, Avila LJ, Pérez CHF et al (2011) A new species of Liolaemus (Squamata, Iguania, Liolaemini) endemic to the Auca Mahuida volcano, northwestern Patagonia, Argentina. Zootaxa 3010:31–46
Medina CD, Avila LJ, Morando M (2013) Hacia una taxonomía integral: poniendo a prueba especies candidatas relacionadas a Liolaemus buergeri Werner 1907 (Iguania: Liolaemini) mediante análisis morfológicos. Cuad Herpetol 27(1):27–34
Medina CD, Avila LJ, Sites JW Jr et al (2014) Multilocus phylogeography of the Patagonian lizard complex Liolaemus kriegi (Iguania: Liolaemini). Biol J Linn Soc 113(1):256–269
Medina CD, Avila LJ, Sites JW Jr et al (2015) Molecular phylogeny of the Liolaemus kriegi complex (Iguania, Liolaemini). Herpetologica 71(2):143–151
Medina CD, Avila LJ, Sites JW et al (2017) Phylogeographic history of Patagonian lizards of the Liolaemus elongatus complex (Iguania: Liolaemini) based on mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences. J Zool Syst Evol Res 55(3):238–249
Medina CD, Avila LJ, Sites JW Jr et al (2018) Alternative methods of phylogenetic inference for the Patagonian lizard group Liolaemus elongatus-kriegi (Iguania: Liolaemini) based on mitochondrial and nuclear markers. Mol Phylogenet Evol 120:158–169
Meier JI, Marques DA, Mwaiko S, Wagner CE, Excoffier L, Seehausen O et al (2017) Ancient hybridization fuels rapid cichlid fish adaptive radiations. Nature Communications volume 8, Article number: 14363
Minoli I, Morando M, Avila LJ (2014) Integrative taxonomy in the Liolaemus fitzingerii complex (Squamata: Liolaemini) based on morphological analyses and niche modeling. Zootaxa 3856(4):501–528
Minoli I, Morando M, Avila LJ (2016) Sexual dimorphism and interspecific head variation in the Liolaemus melanops complex (Squamata: Liolaemini) based on geometric morphometrics. Herpetol J 26(3):225–240
Morando M (2004) Sistemática y filogenia de grupos de especies de los géneros Phymaturus y Liolaemus (Squamata: Tropiduridae: Liolaeminae) del oeste y sur de Argentina. Dissertation, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
Morando M, Avila LJ, Sites JW Jr (2003) Sampling strategies for delimiting species: genes, individuals, and populations in the Liolaemus elongatus-kriegi complex (Squamata: Liolaemidae) in Andean–Patagonian South America. Syst Biol 52(2):159–185
Morando M, Avila LJ, Baker J et al (2004) Phylogeny and phylogeography of the Liolaemus darwinii complex (Squamata: Liolaemidae): evidence for introgression and incomplete lineage sorting. Evolution 58(4):842–861
Morando M, Avila LJ, Turner CR et al (2007) Molecular evidence for a species complex in the patagonian lizard Liolaemus bibronii and phylogeography of the closely related Liolaemus gracilis (Squamata: Liolaemini). Mol Phylogenet Evol 43:952–973
Morando M, Avila LJ, Frutos N et al (2009) Different causes of paraphyly and the evolutionary history of Patagonian lizards of the Liolaemus fitzingerii complex. Paper presented at the evolution meeting, Moscow, Idaho
Morando M, Avila LJ, Perez CHF et al (2013) A molecular phylogeny of the lizard genus Phymaturus (Squamata, Liolaemini): implications for species diversity and historical biogeography of southern South America. Mol Phylogenet Evol 66:694–714
Morando M, Medina CD, Avila LJ et al (2014) Molecular phylogeny of the new world gecko genus Homonota (Squamata: Phyllodactylidae). Zool Scr 43(3):249–260
Morando M, Olave M, Avila LJ, Sites JW Jr, Leaché AD et al (2020) Phylogenomic data resolve higher-level relationships within South American Liolaemus lizards. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2020.106781
Moreno PI (1997) Vegetation and climate near Lago Llanquihue in the Chilean Lake District between 20200 and 9500 14C yr BP. J Quat Sci 12(6):485–500
Nicola MV, Sede SM, Pozner R et al (2014) Phylogeography and palaeodistribution modelling of Nassauvia subgenus Strongyloma (Asteraceae): exploring phylogeographical scenarios in the Patagonian steppe. Ecol Evol 4(22):4270–4286
Nicola MV, Johnson LA, Pozner R (2019) Unraveling patterns and processes of diversification in the South Andean-Patagonian Nassauvia subgenus Strongyloma (Asteraceae, Nassauvieae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 136:164–182
Olave M, Martinez LE, Avila LJ et al (2011) Evidence of hybridization in the Argentinean lizards Liolaemus gracilis and Liolaemus bibronii (Iguania: Liolaemini): an integrative approach based on genes and morphology. Mol Phylogenet Evol 61(2):381–391
Olave M, Avila LJ, Sites JW Jr et al (2014) Multilocus phylogeny of the widely distributed South American lizard clade Eulaemus (Liolaemini, Liolaemus). Zool Scr 43(4):323–337
Olave M, Avila LJ, Sites JW Jr et al (2015) Model-based approach to test hard polytomies in the Eulaemus clade of the most diverse South American lizard genus Liolaemus (Liolaemini, Squamata). Zool J Linnean Soc 174(1):169–184
Olave M, Avila LJ, Sites JW et al (2017) Hidden diversity within the lizard genus Liolaemus: genetic vs morphological divergence in the L. rothi complex (Squamata: Liolaeminae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 107:56–63
Olave M, Avila LJ, Sites JW Jr et al (2018) Hybridization could be a common phenomenon within the highly diverse lizard genus Liolaemus. J Evol Biol 31(6):893–903
Olave M, Avila LJ, Sites JW Jr, Morando M et al (2020a) How important is it to consider lineage diversification heterogeneity in macroevolutionary studies: Lessons from the lizard family Liolaemidae. J Biogeogr. https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.13807
Olave M, Marín AG, Avila LJ, Sites JW Jr, Morando M (2020b) Disparate Patterns of Diversification Within Liolaemini Lizards Springer Nature Switzerland AG, V. Rull, A. C. Carnaval (eds.), Neotropical Diversification: Patterns and Processes, Fascinating Life Sciences, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-31167-4_28
Pease JB, Haak DC, Hahn WW, Moyle LC et al (2016) Phylogenomics reveals three sources of adaptive variation during a rapid radiation. PLOS Biology https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1002379
Pincheira-Donoso D, Bauer AM, Meiri S et al (2013) Global taxonomic diversity of living reptiles. PLoS One 8(3):e59741
Pincheira-Donoso D, Harvey LP, Ruta M et al (2015) What defines an adaptive radiation? Macroevolutionary diversification dynamics of an exceptionally species-rich continental lizard radiation. BMC Evol Biol 15(1):153
Pincheira-Donoso D, Meiri S, Jara M et al (2019) Global patterns of body size evolution are driven by precipitation in legless amphibians. Ecography. https://doi.org/10.1111/ecog/04644
Ponce JF, Rabassa J, Coronato A et al (2011) Paleogeographic evolution of the Atlantic coast of Pampa and Patagonia since the last glacial maximum to the middle Holocene. Biol J Linn Soc 103:363–379
Portelli SN, Quinteros AS (2018) Phylogeny, time divergence, and historical biogeography of the South American Liolaemus alticolor-bibronii group (Iguania: Liolaemidae). PeerJ 6:e4404
Pyron RA, Burbrink FT, Wiens JJ (2013) A phylogeny and revised classification of Squamata, including 4161 species of lizards and snakes. BMC Evol Biol 13(1):93
Rabassa J (2008) Late cenozoic glaciations in Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego. Dev Quat Sci 11:151–204
Rabassa J, Coronato A, Martinez O (2011) Late Cenozoic glaciations in Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego: an updated review. Biol J Linn Soc 103(2):316–335
Schulte JA II, Macey JR, Espinoza RE et al (2003) Phylogenetic relationships in the iguanid lizard genus Liolaemus: multiple origins of viviparous reproduction and evidence for recurring Andean vicariance and dispersal. Biol J Linn Soc 69:75–102
Scolaro J, Ibargüengoytía N, Pincheira-Donoso D (2008) When starvation challenges the tradition of niche conservatism: on a new species of the saxicolous genus Phymaturus from Patagonia Argentina with pseudoarboreal foraging behaviour (Iguania, Liolaemidae). Zootaxa 1786:48–60
Sede SM, Nicola MV, Pozner R et al (2012) Phylogeography and palaeodistribution modelling in the Patagonian steppe: the case of Mulinum spinosum (Apiaceae). J Biogeogr 39:1041–1057
Sérsic AN, Cosacov A, Cocucci AA et al (2011) Emerging phylogeographical patterns of plants and terrestrial vertebrates from Patagonia. Biol J Linn Soc 103:475–494
Simões M, Breitkreuz L, Alvarado M et al (2016) The evolving theory of evolutionary radiations. Trends Ecol Evol 31(1):27–34
Solís-Lemus C, Bastide P, Ané C (2017) PhyloNetworks: a package for phylogenetic networks, Mol Biol Evol 34(12):3292–3298
Than C, Ruths D, Nakhleh L (2008) Phylonet: a software package for analyzing and reconstructing reculate evolutionary relationships. BMC Bioinformatics 9:322
Victoriano PF, Ortiz JC, Benavides E et al (2008) Comparative phylogeography of codistributed species of Chilean Liolaemus (Squamata: Tropiduridae) from the central-southern Andean range. Mol Ecol 17(10):2397–2416
Wiens JJ, Penkrot TA (2002) Delimiting species using DNA and morphological variation and discordant species limits in spiny lizard (Sceloporus). Syst Biol 51(1):69–91
Wiens JJ, Hutter CR, Mulcahy DG, Noonan BP, Townsend TM, Sites JW, Reeder TW et al (2012) Resolving the phylogeny of lizards and snakes (Squamata) with extensive sampling of genes and species. Biol Lett 8:1043–1046
Wollenberg Valero KC, Marshall JC, Bastiaans E et al (2019) Patterns, mechanisms and genetics of speciation in reptiles and amphibians. Genes. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes10090646
Yang Z, Rannala B (2010) Bayesian species delimitation using multilocus sequence data. Proc Natl Acad Sci 107(20):9264–9269
Yoke MM, Morando M, Avila LJ et al (2006) Phylogeography and genetic structure in the Cnemidophorus longicauda complex (Squamata, Teiidae). Herpetologica 62(4):420–434
Acknowledgments
This chapter is mainly a summary of research produced almost over two decades of collaborative work. Institutions that in different ways supported it are: CONICET, Brigham Young University and Monte L. Bean Museum, National Science Foundation, Fulbright, FONCyT. We highlight the collaboration of several members of the Grupo de Herpetología Patagónica (GHP) and associate colleagues with their contributions, especially donations to the scientific tissue and vouchers collections. We also thank Arley Camargo and Melisa Olave for their comments on this chapter and Andrea Marín for helping on some aspects of figures. This chapter was written within the framework of the PUE-IPEEC-2016 22920160100044. LJA and MM are CONICET researchers, IM CONICET fellowship and CDM and CHFP CONICET technical assistants.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Morando, M., Medina, C.D., Minoli, I., Pérez, C.H.F., Sites, J.W., Avila, L.J. (2020). Diversification and Evolutionary Histories of Patagonian Steppe Lizards. In: Morando, M., Avila, L.J. (eds) Lizards of Patagonia. Natural and Social Sciences of Patagonia. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42752-8_9
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42752-8_9
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-42751-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-42752-8
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)